Screening a library of temperature-sensitive mutants to identify secretion factors in .

Protein secretion is an essential cell process in bacteria, required for cell envelope biogenesis, export of virulence factors, and acquisition of nutrients, among other important functions. In the Sec secretion pathway, signal peptide-bearing precursors are recognized by the SecA ATPase and pushed across the membrane through a translocon channel made of the proteins SecY, SecE, and SecG. The Sec pathway has been extensively studied in the model organism , but the Sec pathways of other bacteria such as the human pathogen differ in important ways from this model.

Embracing the mental health challenges of uterus transplant candidates.

Uterus transplantation (UTx) has emerged from clinical trials and is expected to become the standard of care for uterine factor infertility. Uterus transplant candidates historically have had to meet strict eligibility criteria to participate in clinical trials. Continued application of psychologic selection criteria from clinical trial may hinder the expansion of UTx.

New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Omadacycline for community-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and nontuberculous mycobacteria (focus on ).

Omadacycline is a novel antimicrobial belonging to the tetracycline class. It has the ability to evade both efflux and ribosomal methylation types of resistance and therefore has an expanded spectrum compared to other tetracycline agents. Omadacycline is active against a number of multidrug-resistant bacteria, including macrolide and doxycycline-resistant methicillin-resistant (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, and several enteric gram-negative bacilli.

Fluoroquinolones and rifampin combination in the backdrop of heteroresistant tuberculosis.

The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as is the role of different rifampin and isoniazid exposures on developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model of TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible () and treated with isoniazid and rifampin exposure identified in a clinical trial as leading to treatment failure and acquired drug resistance. Systems were sampled for drug concentration measurements, estimation of total and drug-resistant , and small molecule overlapping reads (SMOR) analysis for the detection of heteroresistance.

Comparative Efficacy of Ventriculosubgaleal Shunt Versus Ventricular Reservoir in Achieving Shunt Independence for Infants With Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus by 6 Months.

Background And Objectives: Low-birth weight, premature infants often have severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which can result in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), sometimes requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Initial temporizing management of PHH includes placement of a ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) or ventricular access device (VAD). Studies have found similar permanent shunt conversion rates between VSGS and VAD but were limited by sample scope and size.

Evaluating the clinical utility of , and bronchoalveolar PCRs for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary infections in patients with hematological malignancies.

Invasive pulmonary infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. A delay in identifying a causative agent may result in late initiation of appropriate treatment and adverse clinical outcomes. We examine the diagnostic utility of PCR-based assays in evaluating invasive pulmonary infections from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

colonization is not mediated by bile salts and utilizes Stickland fermentation of proline in an model.

Treatment with antibiotics is a major risk factor for infection, likely due to depletion of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Two microbiota-mediated mechanisms thought to limit colonization include the conversion of conjugated primary bile salts into secondary bile salts toxic to growth and competition between the microbiota and for limiting nutrients. Using a continuous flow model that simulates the nutrient conditions of the distal colon, we investigated how treatment with 6 clinically used antibiotics influenced susceptibility to infection in 12 different microbial communities cultivated from healthy individuals.

Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism.

SUMMARYInfection has long been hypothesized as the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS), and recent evidence for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the trigger of MS is clear and compelling. This clarity contrasts with yet uncertain viral mechanisms and their relation to MS neuroinflammation and demyelination. As long as this disparity persists, it will invigorate virologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, and clinicians to ascertain how EBV potentiates MS onset, and possibly the disease's chronic activity and progression.

Patient perspective: Is intensive screening of women at high risk of breast cancer evidence-based medicine or ?

In 2023, a breast cancer risk assessment and a subsequent positive test for the BRCA-2 genetic mutation brought me to the uncomfortable intersection of a longstanding career as an advocate for high-quality medical evidence to support shared patient-provider decision making and a new role as a high-risk patient. My search for studies of available risk-management options revealed that the most commonly recommended approach for women with a ⩾20% lifetime breast cancer risk, intensive screening including annual mammography and/or magnetic resonance imaging beginning at age 25-40 years, was supported only by cancer-detection statistics, with almost no evidence on patient-centered outcomes-mortality, physical and psychological morbidity, or quality of life-compared with standard screening or a surgical alternative, bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy. In this commentary, I explore parallels between the use of the intensive screening protocol and another longstanding women's health recommendation based on limited evidence, the use of hormone therapy (HT) for postmenopausal chronic disease prevention, which was sharply curtailed after the publication of the groundbreaking Women's Health Initiative trial in 2002.

Complete genome sequence of bacteriophage Godfather isolated from .

Microbacteriophage Godfather was collected from a soil sample in Stephenville, Texas. The 17,452-bp double-stranded genome contains 24 protein-coding genes. The genome shares >99% nucleotide sequence identity with cluster EE microbacteriophages Scamander, Danno, Kojax4, and Burgy.

Comparing field and lab quantitative stable isotope probing for nitrogen assimilation in soil microbes.

Unlabelled: Soil microbial communities play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and can help retain nitrogen in agricultural soils. Quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) is a useful method for investigating taxon-specific microbial growth and utilization of specific nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Typically, qSIP is performed in a highly controlled lab setting, so the field relevance of lab qSIP studies remains unknown.

Leveraging Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) for community impact: what have we learned about how to make a difference.

Ergonomics and Human Factors (E/HF) practitioners are increasingly engaged in projects meant to centre underserved communities and reduce inequities. The subdiscipline of E/HF that has emerged to explore the application of E/HF in this way is called community ergonomics. In this qualitative-descriptive study, we reflect on the progress made in the field of community ergonomics since its original conceptualisation in 1994.

Supporting community translation of lung cancer screening: A web-based decision aid to support informed decision making.

Background: Results of the National Lung Screening Trial create the potential to reduce lung cancer mortality, but community translation of lung cancer screening (LCS) has been challenging. Subsequent policies have endorsed informed and shared decision-making and using decision support tools to support person-centered choices about screening to facilitate implementation. This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of LuCaS CHOICES, a web-based decision aid to support delivery of accurate information, facilitate communication skill development, and clarify personal preferences regarding LCS-a key component of high-quality LCS implementation.

Use of nicotine vaping products during an attempt to quit smoking by Canadian adults who smoke or recently quit: findings from the 2022 Canada International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

An analysis of 1771 Canadian adults who smoke or used to smoke cigarettes was conducted using data from the 2022 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey. Using weighted data, we estimated the prevalence of Canadian adults who tried to quit smoking between 2020 and 2022, and the use of a nicotine vaping product (NVP) and the flavours and devices used most often at their most recent quit attempt. Overall, 36.

Predictions of adolescents' responses to the Youth Self-Report from parental attachment interviews collected during pregnancy: a 17-year longitudinal study.

This study investigated the influence of parents' Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) responses prior to the birth of a first child, on self-reported mental health symptoms of the first-born child in mid-adolescence. The sample comprised 51 first-born children aged 16 years, their mothers and fathers from a low-risk community urban sample, White, British and 70% middle class. AMothers' responses to the AAI were the strongest predictor of their adolescent children's self-reported mental health symptoms.

Body Temperature Regulation in Domestic Dogs After Agility Trials: The Effects of Season, Training, Body Characteristics, Age, and Genetics.

An animal's body mass is said to be indirectly related to its rate of heat loss; that is, smaller animals with higher surface area to volume tend to lose heat faster than larger animals. Thus, thermoregulation should be related to body size, however, generalizable patterns are still unclear. Domestic dogs are a diverse species of endothermic mammals, including a 44-fold difference in body size.

Sleep and breathing in children with Joubert syndrome and a review of other rare congenital hindbrain malformations.

Background: Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a distinctive mid-hindbrain malformation known as the "molar tooth sign" which involves the breathing control center and its connections with other structures. Literature has reported significant respiratory abnormalities which included hyperpnea interspersed with apneic episodes during wakefulness. Larger-scale studies looking at polysomnographic findings or subjective reports of sleep problems in this population have not yet been published.

Muscle and Metabolic Genes Are Differentially Expressed During Thermal Acclimation by the Brook Trout Myotome.

Cold-water fishes, such as Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), are being challenged by the consequences of climate change. The ability of these fish to acclimate to warmer environmental conditions is vital to their survival. Acclimation to warmer water may allow brook trout to reduce the metabolic costs of higher temperatures.

Cancer statistics, 2025.

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). In 2025, 2,041,910 new cancer cases and 618,120 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2022, averting nearly 4.