Co-occurring Psychopathology in Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Differences by Sex in the ECHO Cohorts.

Purpose: Our goals were to: 1) examine the occurrence of behavioral and emotional symptoms in children on the autism spectrum in a large national sample, stratifying by sex, and 2) evaluate whether children with increased autism-related social communication deficits also experience more behavioral and emotional problems.

Methods:  Participants (n = 7,998) were from 37 cohorts from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. Cross-sectional information on demographic factors, parent-report of an ASD diagnosis by clinician, Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores, and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were obtained for children aged 2.

Impact of extended-course oral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in established Long COVID: a case series.

Background: Prior case series suggest that a 5-day course of oral Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) benefits some people with Long COVID, within and/or outside of the context of an acute reinfection. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no prior case series of people with Long COVID who have attempted longer courses of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.

Methods: We documented a case series of 13 individuals with Long COVID who initiated extended courses (>5 days; range: 7.

Joint EANM/EANO/RANO/SNMMI practice guideline/procedure standard for PET imaging of brain metastases: version 1.0.

This joint practice guideline/procedure standard was collaboratively developed by the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI), the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO), and the PET task force of the Response Assessment in Neurooncology Working Group (PET/RANO). Brain metastases are the most common malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors. PET imaging with radiolabeled amino acids and to lesser extent [F]FDG has gained considerable importance in the assessment of brain metastases, especially for the differential diagnosis between recurrent metastases and treatment-related changes which remains a limitation using conventional MRI.

Transsulfuration pathway activation attenuates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in sickle primary erythroblasts and transgenic mice.

The transsulfuration (TSS) pathway is an alternative source of cysteine for glutathione synthesis. Little of the TSS pathway in antioxidant capacity in sickle cell disease (SCD) is known. Here, we evaluate the effects of TSS pathway activation through cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) to attenuate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferroptosis stresses in SCD.

Ergonomic wedge pillow to reduce neck pain after prone ERCP; a randomized, controlled study.

Background: Prone positioning during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can lead to post-procedure neck pain due to increased cervical spine stress and prolonged muscle stretching. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and satisfaction of an ergonomic wedge pillow for patients undergoing prone ERCP.

Methods: Patients indicated for ERCP were randomized 1:1 to a study group (with the pillow) or a control group.

Complete transition from laparoscopic to robotic liver surgery achieves superior outcomes in difficult hepatectomies: a seven-year retrospective study.

Background: Minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) is superior to open surgery when considering decreased blood loss, fewer complications, shorter hospital stay, and similar or improved oncologic outcomes. However, operative limitations in laparoscopic hepatectomy have curved its applicability and momentum of complex minimally invasive liver surgery. Transitioning to robotic hepatectomy may bridge this complexity gap.

Clinically meaningful classes of financial toxicity for patients with diabetes.

Aims: This study aims to improve the interpretability and clinical utility of the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) by identifying distinct financial toxicity classes in adults with diabetes.

Methods: Data included a sample of 600 adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes and high A1c. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients based on COST-FACIT score patterns.

Acceptability of the Fit2ThriveMB mHealth physical activity promotion intervention in women with metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: Increasing physical activity (PA) is safe and associated with improved health outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Mobile health (mHealth) PA interventions that allow for remote monitoring and tailoring to abilities may be particularly useful for MBC patients. However, limited data exist on the acceptability of these interventions for MBC patients.

Gender, Marital, and Parental Barriers to Pursuing Gastroenterology Fellowship: A Multicenter Analysis of a National Survey and Actionable Solutions.

Introduction: Female gastroenterologists comprise 19% of the gastroenterology (GI) workforce, despite females making up 30% of GI fellows and over 50% of medical students in the USA. Barriers to pursuing GI fellowship have not been studied at the resident level. We aimed to determine multiple barriers that may prevent internal medicine (IM) residents from pursuing GI fellowship.

Metabolic rewiring in skin epidermis drives tolerance to oncogenic mutations.

Skin epithelial stem cells correct aberrancies induced by oncogenic mutations. Oncogenes invoke different strategies of epithelial tolerance; while wild-type cells outcompete β-catenin-gain-of-function (βcatGOF) cells, Hras cells outcompete wild-type cells. Here we ask how metabolic states change as wild-type stem cells interface with mutant cells and drive different cell-competition outcomes.

Immunotherapy for advanced-stage squamous cell lung cancer: the state of the art and outstanding questions.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment paradigm for advanced-stage squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (LUSC), a histological subtype associated with inferior outcomes compared with lung adenocarcinoma. However, only a subset of patients derive durable clinical benefit. In the first-line setting, multiple ICI regimens are available, including anti-PD-(L)1 antibodies as monotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy, or with an anti-CTLA4 antibody with or without chemotherapy.

The relationship between electric field strength induced by electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive and antidepressant outcomes.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression but is often associated with cognitive side effects. In patients, ECT-induced electric field (E-field) strength across brain regions varies significantly due to anatomical differences, which may explain individual differences in cognitive side effects. We examined the relationship between regional E-field strength and change in verbal fluency score (i.

Intellectual frameworks to understand complex biochemical systems at the origin of life.

Understanding the emergence of complex biochemical systems, such as protein translation, is a great challenge. Although synthetic approaches can provide insight into the potential early stages of life, they do not address the equally important question of why the complex systems of life would have evolved. In particular, the intricacies of the mechanisms governing the transfer of information from nucleic acid sequences to proteins make it difficult to imagine how coded protein synthesis could have emerged from a prebiotic soup.

Collective dynamical regimes predict invasion success and impacts in microbial communities.

The outcomes of ecological invasions may depend on either characteristics of the invading species or attributes of the resident community. Here we use a combination of experiments and theory to show that the interplay between dynamics, interaction strength and diversity determine the invasion outcome in microbial communities. We find that the communities with fluctuating species abundances are more invasible and diverse than stable communities, leading to a positive diversity-invasibility relationship among communities assembled in the same environment.

Surgical and Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction for Severe Emphysema: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.

Background: Along with lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS), bronchoscopic lung volume reduction is a treatment option for end-stage emphysema. However, comparisons among interventions remain insufficient.

Methods: We searched on PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, and Web of Science.

Apoptotic priming in senescence predicts specific senolysis by quantitative analysis of mitochondrial dependencies.

Cellular senescence contributes to a variety of pathologies associated with aging and is implicated as a cellular state in which cancer cells can survive treatment. Reported senolytic drug treatments act through varying molecular mechanisms, but heterogeneous efficacy across the diverse contexts of cellular senescence indicates a need for predictive biomarkers of senolytic activity. Using multi-parametric analyses of commonly reported molecular features of the senescent phenotype, we assayed a variety of models, including malignant and nonmalignant cells, using several triggers of senescence induction and found little univariate predictive power of these traditional senescence markers to identify senolytic drug sensitivity.

Artificial intelligence for hemodynamic monitoring with a wearable electrocardiogram monitor.

Background: The ability to non-invasively measure left atrial pressure would facilitate the identification of patients at risk of pulmonary congestion and guide proactive heart failure care. Wearable cardiac monitors, which record single-lead electrocardiogram data, provide information that can be leveraged to infer left atrial pressures.

Methods: We developed a deep neural network using single-lead electrocardiogram data to determine when the left atrial pressure is elevated.

Endogenous thymic regeneration: restoring T cell production following injury.

Despite its importance for generating and maintaining a healthy and broad T cell repertoire, the thymus is exquisitely sensitive to acute damage. Marked thymic involution occurs in response to stimuli as diverse as infection, stress, pregnancy, malnutrition, drug use and cytoreductive chemotherapy. However, the thymus also has a remarkable capacity for repair, although this regenerative capacity declines with age.

Prostate MRI and clinicopathologic risk calculator to predict laterality of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy.

Background: Traditional nomograms can inform the presence of extraprostatic extension (EPE) but not laterality, which remains important for surgical planning, and have not fully incorporated multiparametric MRI data. We evaluated predictors of side-specific EPE on surgical pathology including MRI characteristics and developed side-specific EPE risk calculators.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort of patients evaluated with mpMRI prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) in our eleven hospital healthcare system from July 2018-November 2022.

Microbial and chemically induced reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in the environment.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants and are emitted during e-waste activities. Once they enter into the environment, PCBs could pose toxic effects to environmental compartments and public health. Reductive dechlorination offers a sustainable solution to manage the PCBs-contaminated environment.

Pre-Catheterization Computed Tomography Angiography Aids in the Selection of Ductus Arteriosus Stent Length for Ductal-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow.

PDA stenting is increasingly utilized for patients with ductal-dependent pulmonary blood flow. Predicting optimal stent length prior to and during the intervention remains a challenge. The utility of pre-catheterization computed tomography angiography (CTA) to predict stent length was evaluated.

Label free, capillary-scale blood flow mapping in vivo reveals that low-intensity focused ultrasound evokes persistent dilation in cortical microvasculature.

Non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound is an emerging neuromodulation technique that offers the potential for precision, personalized therapy. An increasing body of research has identified mechanosensitive ion channels that can be modulated by FUS and support acute electrical activity in neurons. However, neuromodulatory effects that persist from hours to days have also been reported.

Effect of DLPFC rTMS on anhedonia and alpha asymmetry in depressed patients.

Anhedonia, a core symptom of depression, has been defined as the loss of pleasure or lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli. Considering the relevance of alpha asymmetry to MDD and anhedonia, we explored the effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation on frontal and posterior EEG alpha asymmetry (FAA and PAA, respectively), in this exploratory investigation. 61 participants randomly received sham (n = 11), bilateral (BS; n = 25), or unilateral stimulation (US; n = 25) of the DLPFC.