Approach to Therapy for Chronic Pouchitis.

Chronic pouchitis (CP) occurs in approximately 20% of patients with ulcerative colitis after total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis and is categorized as antibiotic dependent, antibiotic refractory, or Crohn's disease-like. The management of CP is challenging because of limited evidence and few randomized controlled trials. In this review, we discuss the medical management of CP and its supporting data delineated by type of therapy.

Factor V Serves as an Early Biomarker for Graft Loss After Liver Transplant: A Prospective Evaluation.

Background: Low post-operative day (POD) 1 Factor V has been retrospectively associated with graft loss after liver transplantation when stratified by a cutoff of 0.36 U/mL. We aimed to validate this prospectively.

Botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of hip instability in the pediatric population with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

The purpose of this review was to examine the effects of hip muscle botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of hip instability reported in studies of children with cerebral palsy. Searches in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science were performed using the term hips combined with botulinum toxin and its various abbreviations and brand names. Reference lists and citations of the reviewed studies were also searched.

Case management in emergency care: impact evaluation of the CARED Program.

Background: Hospitals face mounting pressure to reduce unplanned utilization amid rising healthcare demands from an aging population. The Case management for At-Risk patients in the Emergency Department (CARED) program is among the first ED transitional care strategies to focus on both frail older adults and emergency department (ED) re-attenders to reduce acute hospital utilization. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the CARED program in reducing hospital (re)admissions and ED re-attendances within 30- and 60 days post-discharge.

Properties of Uremic Solutes That Allow Their Effective Control by Hemodialysis.

Background: If the GFR falls far enough, uremic symptoms such as anorexia and nausea prompt the initiation of dialysis. Thrice weekly hemodialysis can prevent recurrence of these symptoms even when patients become anuric. To accomplish this it must maintain the plasma levels of the uremic solutes which cause these symptoms lower than they were when dialysis was initiated.

Developing predictive nomogram models using quantitative electroencephalography for brain function in type a aortic dissection: a prospective observational study.

Background: Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) remains a significant challenge in cardiac surgery, presenting high risks of adverse outcomes such as permanent neurological dysfunction and mortality despite advances in medical technology and surgical techniques. This study investigates the use of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to monitor and predict neurological outcomes during the perioperative period in TAAD patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the hospital, involving patients undergoing TAAD surgery from February 2022 to January 2023.

Burden and attributable risk factors of non-communicable diseases and subtypes in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Understanding based on up-to-date data on the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is limited, especially regarding how subtypes contribute to the overall NCD burden and the attributable risk factors across locations and subtypes. We aimed to report the global, regional, and national burden of NCDs, subtypes, and attributable risk factors in 2021, and trends from 1990 to 2021 by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Materials And Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to estimate the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for NCDs and subtypes, along with attributable risk factors.

Is the FAB test associated with fall occurrence in older adults? A retrospective analysis of outpatient fall risk assessment.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of French older adults. Participants with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ≥ 24 were recruited from a fall clinic in a geriatrics department. We recorded history of falls in the preceding 6 months, as well as Timed Up and Go test and mobility assessment at baseline and at 6- and 12-month follow-up.

Stress regulatory hormones and cancer: the contribution of epinephrine and cancer therapeutic value of beta blockers.

The word "cancer" evokes myriad emotions, ranging from fear and despair to hope and determination. Cancer is aptly defined as a complex and multifaceted group of diseases that has unapologetically led to the loss of countless lives and affected innumerable families across the globe. The battle with cancer is not only a physical battle, but also an emotional, as well as a psychological skirmish for patients and for their loved ones.

Emerging Deep Brain Stimulation Targets in the Cerebellum for Tremor.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for essential tremor is remarkably effective, leading to over 80% reduction in standardized tremor ratings. However, for certain types of tremor, such as those accompanied by ataxia or dystonia, conventional DBS targets have shown poor efficacy. Various rationales for using cerebellar DBS stimulation to treat tremor have been advanced, but the varied approaches leave many questions unanswered: which anatomic target, stimulation settings, and indications seem most promising for this emerging approach.

Impact of Medicaid Policies on Pre-pregnancy Preventive Dental Care.

Background: Dental care before pregnancy is critical for preventing poor oral health, which is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. People with low incomes, however, may face insurance-related barriers to obtaining dental care. Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act increased access to dental care utilization among adults with low incomes.

Exploring Maternal Resilience among Predominantly Low-Income and Minoritized Women.

Background: Research has increasingly explored maternal resilience or protective factors that enable women to achieve healthier maternal and child outcomes. However, it has not adequately examined maternal resilience using a culturally-relevant, socio-ecological lens or how it may be influenced by early-life stressors and resources. The current study contributes to the literature on maternal resilience by qualitatively exploring the salient multi-level stressors and resources experienced over the lifecourse by predominantly low-income and minoritized women.

Synergistic antitumor effect of MK-1775 and CUDC-907 against prostate cancer.

Due to the emergence of drug resistance, androgen receptor (AR)-targeted drugs still pose great challenges in the treatment of prostate cancer, and it is urgent to explore an innovative therapeutic strategy. MK-1775, a highly selective WEE1 inhibitor, is shown to have favorable therapeutic benefits in several solid tumor models. Recent evidence suggests that the combination of MK-1775 with DNA-damaging agents could lead to enhanced antitumor efficacy.

Does Executive Functioning Moderate the Association Between Psychopathic Traits and Antisocial Behavior in Youth?

This study examined the interplay of psychopathic traits, executive functioning, and antisocial behavior among adjudicated youth, with a focus on the potential moderating role of executive function. The current study uses data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset was examined, utilizing the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL-YV) and the Stroop Color-Word Task to measure psychopathic traits and executive functioning, respectively. Violent and property offending frequencies were self-reported.

Virtual 3D reconstruction of complex congenital cardiac anatomy from 3D rotational angiography.

Background: Despite advancements in imaging technologies, including CT scans and MRI, these modalities may still fail to capture intricate details of congenital heart defects accurately. Virtual 3D models have revolutionized the field of pediatric interventional cardiology by providing clinicians with tangible representations of complex anatomical structures. We examined the feasibility and accuracy of utilizing an automated, Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven, cloud-based platform for virtual 3D visualization of complex congenital heart disease obtained from 3D rotational angiography DICOM images.

Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Vary in Their Behavior and Virulence in Response to Cardiac Glycosides Within and Around Insect Hosts.

Plants produce defensive toxins to deter herbivores. In response, some specialized herbivores evolved resistance and even the capacity to sequester toxins, affecting interactions at higher trophic levels. Here, we test the hypothesis that potential natural enemies of specialized herbivores are differentially affected by plant toxins depending on their level of adaptation to the plant-herbivore system.

Role of Glial Cells and Receptors in Schizophrenia Pathogenesis.

The specific pathogeneses of schizophrenia (SCZ) remain an enigma despite extensive research that has implicated both genetic and environmental factors. Recent revelations that dysregulated immune system caused by glial cell overactivation result in neuroinflammation, a key player in neurodegenerative as well as neuropsychiatric disorders including SCZ are providing novel clues on potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the roles of glial cells (Dr.

Anxiety and Depression Affect Sleep Quality: A Preliminary Investigation in Crowdsourced Samples of Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults.

We aimed to compare sleep problems in autistic and non-autistic adults with co-occurring depression and anxiety. The primary research question was whether autism status influences sleep quality, after accounting for the effects of depression and anxiety. We hypothesized that autistic adults would report higher levels of depression, anxiety, and sleep problems compared to non-autistic adults, after controlling for these covariates.

A Qualitative Analysis of Unintentional Injuries in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Prior research demonstrates that children with autism are more likely to experience unintentional injuries than the general population. Limited research exists on the symptoms or traits directly related to autism and this elevated injury rate, especially from the perspective of families with children with autism. This study used qualitative methodology to elucidate risk factors that may contribute to unintentional injuries in children with autism from the perspective of mothers raising children with autism.

Glioprotective Effects of Resveratrol Against Glutamate-Induced Cellular Dysfunction: The Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 Pathway.

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, has shown promising neuroprotective effects in several in vivo and in vitro experimental models. However, the mechanisms by which resveratrol mediates these effects are not fully understood. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain; however, excessive extracellular glutamate levels can affect neural activity in several neurological diseases.

The Johns Hopkins Hope at Hopkins Clinic: supporting the comprehensive needs of individuals with metastatic breast cancer.

Purpose: Individuals with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) may live with their disease for many years. We initiated the Johns Hopkins Hope at Hopkins Clinic to assess the needs and optimize the care of these patients.

Patients And Methods: Patients with MBC who agreed to participate in the Clinic in addition to usual care completed patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys.

The underlying mechanisms of the association of bone health with depression - an experimental study.

Background: Depression constitutes a risk factor for osteoporosis, but underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. MiRNAs influence gene expression and are carried by extracellular vesicles (EV), affecting cell-cell communication.

Aims: (1) Identify the difference in miRNA expression between depressed patients and healthy controls; (2) Analyze associations of these miRNAs with bone turnover markers; (3) Analyze target genes of differentially regulated miRNAs and predict associated pathways regarding depression and bone metabolism.