Multifaceted pulmonary manifestations of amyloidosis: state-of-the-art update.

Introduction: Amyloidosis, a polymeric deposition disease classified according to protein subtype, may have varied pulmonary manifestations. Its anatomic-radiologic phenotypes include nodular, cystic, alveolar-septal, and tracheobronchial forms. Clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic parenchymal nodules to respiratory failure from diffuse parenchymal infiltration or diaphragmatic deposition.

The weight of multiple hits: how TBI and infectious encephalitis co-modulate adverse outcomes.

Background: Chronic neurologic deficits from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent infectious encephalitis are poorly characterized.

Methods: Using TriNetX database we queried patients 18 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of encephalitis between 2016 and 2024. Patient cohorts included those with a diagnosis of TBI at least one month before encephalitis ( = 1,038), those with a diagnosis of a TBI anytime before encephalitis ( = 1,886), and those with encephalitis but no TBI, ( = 45,210;  = 45,215).

A novel transgenic reporter of extracellular acidification in zebrafish elucidates skeletal muscle T-tubule pH regulation.

Disruption of extracellular pH and proton-sensing can profoundly impact cellular and protein functions, leading to developmental defects. To visualize changes in extracellular pH in the developing embryo, we generated a zebrafish transgenic line that ubiquitously expresses the ratiometric pH-sensitive fluorescent protein pHluorin2, tethered to the extracellular face of the plasma membrane using a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Monitoring of pHluorin2 with ratiometric fluorescence revealed dynamic and discrete domains of extracellular acidification over the first 72 h of embryonic development.

Orbital and Ocular Venous Congestion: A Rare Manifestation of Hypervascular Paget Disease of the Bone.

A 73-year-old male with a history of incidentally diagnosed Paget disease of bone affecting the skull and left orbit 2 years prior presented with 3 months of vision loss, proptosis, and periorbital swelling of the OS. Examination showed best-corrected Snellen visual acuity of 20/150 in the affected eye, intact motility, 7 mm of relative proptosis, significant dilated and tortuous "corkscrew" conjunctival vessels, serous choroidal and retinal detachments, optic nerve hyperemia, and venous tortuosity and dilation. Although the bony lesions in the left orbit were stable from 1 year prior on imaging, the diagnostic angiogram demonstrated osseous blush and hypervascularity of the lesion.

Toward a Consistent Framework for Describing the Free Vibration Modes of the Brain.

Frequency-domain analysis of brain tissue motion has received increased focus in recent years as an approach to describing the response of the brain to impact or vibration sources in the built environment. While researchers in many experimental and numerical studies have sought to identify natural resonant frequencies of the brain, limited description of the associated vibration modes limits comparison of results between studies. We performed a modal analysis to extract the natural frequencies and associated mode shapes of a finite element model of the head.

Evaluating the Combined Neurotoxicity of Amyloid Beta and Tau Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease: A Novel Cellular-Level Criterion.

A criterion characterizing the combined neurotoxicity of amyloid beta and tau oligomers is suggested. A mathematical model that makes it possible to calculate a value of this criterion during senile plaque and NFT formation is proposed. Computations show that for physiologically relevant parameter values, the value of the criterion increases approximately linearly as time increases.

Multicentric Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Bilateral Eyelids.

A 59-year-old female patient presented with a purple, fluid-filled lesion on her left upper eyelid that contained a solid component. Excisional biopsy revealed a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Extensive oncological workup was negative for a distant primary tumor or metastasis and confirmed a diagnosis of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma.

HEalth-Related Quality of Life-Intervention in Survivors of Breast and Other Cancers Experiencing Cancer-Related Fatigue and Associated Cognitive Symptoms Using TraditionAL Chinese Medicine: The 'HERBAL' Trial.

Introduction: As pharmacological strategies remain limited for relieving fatigue and associated cognitive symptoms, integrative modalities such as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) could be explored as therapeutic strategies in cancer survivors. Here, we evaluate and report the efficacy and safety of a TCM concoction, modified Xiang Bei Yang Rong Tang (XBYRT), on quality of life (QOL), cancer-related fatigue (CRF), and cognitive symptoms, compared to placebo.

Methods: In a single-centered, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot trial conducted from 2019 to 2022, fatigued cancer survivors ≥21 years old were recruited to receive the XBYRT intervention or placebo (5% diluted) once daily for the duration of 8 weeks.

Correction: Single glucose molecule transport process revealed by force tracing and molecular dynamics simulations.

Correction for 'Single glucose molecule transport process revealed by force tracing and molecular dynamics simulations' by Yangang Pan , , 2018, , 517-524, https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NH00056E.

Molecular Symphony of Mitophagy: Ubiquitin-Specific Protease-30 as a Maestro for Precision Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Introduction: Mitochondrial dysfunction stands as a pivotal feature in neurodegenerative disorders, spurring the quest for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review examines Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 30 (USP30) as a master regulator of mitophagy with therapeutic promise in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). USP30's orchestration of mitophagy pathways, encompassing PINK1-dependent and PINK1-independent mechanisms, forms the crux of this exploration.

Chemical and temporal manipulation of early steps in protein assembly tunes the structure and intermolecular interactions of protein-based materials.

The Drosophila intrinsically disordered protein Ultrabithorax (Ubx) undergoes a series of phase transitions, beginning with noncovalent interactions between apparently randomly organized monomers, and evolving over time to form increasingly ordered coacervates. This assembly process ends when specific dityrosine covalent bonds lock the monomers in place, forming macroscale materials. Inspired by this hierarchical, multistep assembly process, we analyzed the impact of protein concentration, assembly time, and subphase composition on the early, noncovalent stages of Ubx assembly, which are extremely sensitive to their environment.

Increasing dosing intervals for biologics in atopic dermatitis-why, who, when and how?

Biologics approved and in development for atopic dermatitis offer life-changing clinical efficacy with a relatively banal long-term safety profile requiring no laboratory monitoring. Biologic therapies also have their drawbacks, including high payor cost and the need to be administered as every other week subcutaneous injections. Addressing these concerns, studies of longer dosing intervals have been performed in the formal clinical trial setting and during real-world clinical care.

Intimate Partner Violence Among LGBTQ+ Adults in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) among LGBTQ+ adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Of 1,234 articles, 22 met inclusion criteria, and data were extracted for 4 key research areas: prevalence, measurement, risk and protective factors, and interventions. LGBTQ+ adults in LAC experience IPV at similar or higher rates than those documented among cisgender heterosexuals, with estimates ranging from 0.

Exploring low barrier quantum tunneling and structural planarity in 3-methylstyrene conformers: Insights from microwave spectroscopy.

The first ground-state rotational spectrum of 3-methylstyrene (3MS) was measured by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy under supersonic jet-cooled conditions. Transitions were assigned for two conformers: cis-3MS and trans-3MS. In the cis conformer, the vinyl group is oriented toward the methyl group, while in the trans conformer, it is positioned away from the methyl.

Low-energy electron driven reactions in 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole.

Thiazole derivatives are biologically relevant molecules, used also in pharmaceutical applications. Herein, we report results for electron attachment to 2-bromo-5-nitrothiazole (BNT) in the gas phase. Employing two crossed electron-molecule beam experiments, we determined the efficiency curves of various fragment anions as a function of the initial electron energy between about 0 and 10 eV as well as the emission angle and kinetic energy distributions of Br- and NO2- ions formed from a resonance near 4 eV.

Hydroxysilylene (HSi-OH) in the gas phase.

The hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) molecule has been spectroscopically identified in the gas phase for the first time. This highly reactive species was produced in a twin electric discharge jet using separate precursor streams of 16O2/18O2 and Si2H6/Si2D6, both diluted in high pressure argon. The strongest and most stable laser induced fluorescence (LIF) signals were obtained by applying an electric discharge to each of the precursor streams and then merging the discharge products just prior to expansion into vacuum.

Entropy-based methods for formulating bottom-up ultra-coarse-grained models.

Bottom-up coarse-grained (CG) modeling is an effective means of bypassing the limited spatiotemporal scales of conventional atomistic molecular dynamics while retaining essential information from the atomistic model. A central challenge in CG modeling is the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency, as the inclusion of often pivotal many-body interaction terms in the CG force-field renders simulation markedly slower than simple pairwise models. The Ultra Coarse-Graining (UCG) method incorporates many-body terms through discrete internal state variables that modulate the CG force-field according to, e.

Excited electronic states of Na2 and K2: The potential for long-lived "reservoir" states leading to collision induced population inversions.

Potential energy curves (PECs) for the spin-free (ΛS) and spin-orbit (Ω) states associated with the four lowest-lying dissociation channels of Na2 and K2 were calculated at the SA-CASSCF/SO-CASPT2/aug-cc-pwCVQZ-DK level. The PECs of Na2 were consistent with the experimental data and with the FS-CCSD (2,0) calculations, reproducing the double-well and the "shelf" character for some of the potentials of the excited states. For K2, the PECs behaved in a similar way and the spectroscopic parameters for the ground and the excited states are in good agreement with the available experimental values.

Bayesian Modeling of Cancer Outcomes Using Genetic Variables Assisted by Pathological Imaging Data.

With the increasing maturity of genetic profiling, an essential and routine task in cancer research is to model disease outcomes/phenotypes using genetic variables. Many methods have been successfully developed. However, oftentimes, empirical performance is unsatisfactory because of a "lack of information.

The Impact of Hematologic Disorders on the Severity of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: A Comparative Study.

Hematologic diseases are considered important contributors to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) cases. This retrospective study aims to compare the difference of the clinical and radiological characters between CVST patients with and without hematologic diseases. Consecutive hospitalized CVST patients with hematologic disorders constituted the hematologic disorder group, while that without identifiable risk factors comprised the control group in this study.

Amplifying Women's Voices in Menopause Research: The Importance of Inclusive Perspectives.

Menopause, a significant life transition for half the global population, intersects biological, cultural and social dimensions. Despite its universal occurrence, menopause research has historically been dominated by biomedical perspectives, often neglecting women's voices and diverse experiences. This article highlights the importance of including women's perspectives in menopause research to ensure relevance, accuracy and equity.

Plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 in cats with chronic enteropathies.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare plasma glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies (CE) with those of healthy cats.

Methods: Nineteen client-owned cats with a histopathologic diagnosis of either idiopathic chronic enteropathy (CIE) or low-grade lymphoma and six healthy client-owned cats were enrolled in a prospective study between 2 December 2021 and 9 June 2023. Fasted and postprandial plasma GLP-2 concentrations were measured via ELISA in CE cats at the time gastrointestinal biopsies were obtained and before CE treatment.

Abdominal fluid score as a predictor of transfusion needs and outcome in cats following trauma.

Objective: To assess the value of the abdominal fluid score (AFS) in cats following trauma in determining surgical needs, transfusion needs, and mortality.

Design: Multicenter retrospective observational study utilizing data from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma (VetCOT) registry.

Setting: VetCOT Veterinary Trauma Centers.

Advances in understanding dietary fiber: Classification, structural characterization, modification, and gut microbiome interactions.

Gut microbiota and their metabolites profoundly impact host physiology. Targeted modulation of gut microbiota has been a long-term interest in the scientific community. Numerous studies have investigated the feasibility of utilizing dietary fibers (DFs) to modulate gut microbiota and promote the production of health-beneficial bacterial metabolites.