Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Aging associates with decreased functional connectivity between brain regions linked to musical rhythm perception. Producing rhythmic music may result in strengthened functional connectivity of these regions, but more evidence is needed to support intervention design. Currently, few studies directly contrast younger and older adults' rhythmic music performance to understand brain-behavior relationships.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Over the past 3 years, the Global Council on Alzheimer's Disease (GCAD) has conducted research on lived experience and care partner journeys. Specifically, this research has focused on the experiences of individuals from historically underrepresented populations, including LGBTQ+, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian communities. The goal has been to identify how these journeys might diverge across communities, understand various nuances that exist across cultures, and recognize the impact these might have on seeking diagnosis, care, and support.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: A 73-year-old female with a 3 year history of Alzheimer's disease was treated within the protocol of The Alzheimer's Autism and Cognitive Impairment Stem Cell Treatment Study (ACIST), an IRB approved clinical study registered with clinicaltrials.gov NCT03724136.

Method: The procedure consists of bone marrow aspiration, cell separation using an FDA cleared class 2 device, and intravenous and intranasal administration of the stem cell fraction.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) provide powerful natural language processing capabilities in medical and clinical tasks. Evaluating LLM performance is crucial due to potential false results. In this study, we assessed ChatGPT and Llama2, two state-of-the-art LLMs, in extracting information from clinical notes, focusing on cognitive tests, specifically the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Data from high-income countries (HICs) suggest a decline in age-specific incidence rates of dementia. However, this has happened primarily in HICs, with low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) facing two main challenges: a higher burden of risk factors and, in general, a faster ageing population. Most people with dementia live in LMICs, and this is set to increase, thus requiring urgent and robust action to prevent, treat and support people with dementia and their families.

Drug Development.

Although amyloid b immunotherapies offer great potential for prevention or delay of symptoms in dominantly inherited AD (DIAD), the mechanism of action of this class of medications does not address the underlying mechanism of most DIAD mutations. Moreover, the need for repeated IV infusions or sub-cutaneous injections with Ab immunotherapies may prove challenging for long-term prevention approaches. The majority of DIAD mutations appear to affect the interaction of the gamma-secretase enzyme with the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) making this enzyme an attractive target for disease modification.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Our authors from around the world met to summarise the available knowledge, decide which potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia have compelling evidence and create the most comprehensive analysis to date for potentially modifiable risk factors to inform policy, give individuals the opportunity to control their risks and generate research.

Method: We incorporated all risk factors for which we judged there was strong enough evidence. We used the largest recent worldwide meta-analyses for risk factor prevalence and relative risk and if not available the best data.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Research on the relationship between self-efficacy and symptoms of depression and anxiety among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been limited. Furthermore, few studies have explored this relationship within the context of dyadic couples (patient/care partners) rather than focusing solely on individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self-efficacy in patient/care partner couples dealing with mild cognitive impairment and their symptoms of depression and anxiety using a dyadic analysis approach.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Given the widespread of tele-assessment and tele-rehabilitation in speech language pathology and clinical neuropsychology for monolingual English-speaking patients with acquired neurogenic language and cognitive disorders, there is an urgent need to implement a culturally and linguistically tailored telepractice for multilingual people living with dementia (MPLWD), for whom there is no consensus on a standard model. This study aims to investigate the delivery model of remote assessment and intervention for this population.

Method: A systematic scoping review was conducted in December 2023 following frameworks described by Arksey and O'Malley (2007).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: While symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer's disease has been available for three decades disease modifying treatment does not exist. New drug treatments, known as immunotherapies, which remove amyloid from the brain offer hope, but the clinical significance remains uncertain.

Method: Systematic reviews of the literature, expert consensus, and information from clinical environments.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The 2020 Lancet Commission on dementia prevention, intervention and care estimated that up to 40% of dementia cases could be prevented by tackling 12 potentially modifiable risk factors, namely less education, hearing loss, hypertension, physical inactivity, diabetes, social isolation, excessive alcohol consumption, air pollution, smoking, obesity, traumatic brain injury, depression. As more evidence on risk factors emerges, the Lancet standing commission on dementia met to update evidence on established dementia risk factors and to consider the evidence for other risk factors.

Method: We used a lifecourse approach to understand how to reduce risk or prevent dementia, as many risks operate at different timepoints in the lifespan.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Discussion surrounding the nomenclature of the "nonfluent/agrammatic" spectrum of progressive speech-language disorders has largely focused on the clinical-pathological and neuroimaging correlations, with some attention paid to the prognostication afforded by differentiating clinical phenotypes. Progressive apraxia of speech (AOS), with or without agrammatic aphasia, is generally associated with an underlying tauopathy; however, patients have offered a unique perspective on the importance of distinguishing between difficulties with speech and language that extends beyond pathological specificity. This study aimed to provide insight into the experience of patients with primary progressive AOS (PPAOS), with particular attention to their diagnostic journey.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Within the dementia space, many caregivers lack understanding of hospice care and may not be well prepared for transition to hospice. Nonetheless, few studies have explored hospice transition specifically from the perspective of caregivers for persons with dementia and how it impacts their mental health. In this study, we aimed to examine caregivers' mental health indicators and their correlation structure based on the timing of hospice transition.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Over half of the 6 million persons living with dementia (PLWD) in the United States visit emergency departments (EDs) annually. Because EDs play a vital role in providing care to PLWD, there has been increased attention to improving the ED care experience. Yet, measures to evaluate the ED care experience for PLWD focus predominantly on care utilization or distal outcomes (e.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Approaches to caregiving interventions are often "one-size-fits-all", yet family caregivers for individuals with dementia have unique caregiving styles with which they enact daily care. Mixed-methods work by this team identified 5 distinct caregiving style profiles that vary in: orientation toward oneself or the care partner, adaptability, understanding of dementia, emotional expression, and behavioral management. This study seeks to develop a person-centered assessment of caregiving style such that interventions and services can be targeted to caregivers' unique styles of care.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Caregiving for older adults requires balancing multiple tasks ranging in complexity and demand. While often characterized as burdensome, there are also positive outcomes related to caregiving including potential benefits to health outcomes. Although older adults are themselves often caregivers, the association between caregiving and cognitive outcomes has not been routinely studied.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Despite data showing nutritional interventions high in antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties (anthocyanin-rich foods such as blueberries/elderberries) may decrease risk of memory loss and cognitive decline, evidence for such effects in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients is limited. Therefore, we examined preliminary effects of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra canadensis) juice on cognition and inflammatory markers in MCI patients in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

Method: MCI patients (N =  24, M =  76.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Alzheimer's disease poses significant global health challenges, particularly as people increasingly turn to online platforms for health information in the digital era. Given the intricate nature of Alzheimer's, it is imperative to evaluate the readability of online content. This study aims to assess the readability of information related to Alzheimer's disease on reputable health websites.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Dementia is a life-changing condition for patients and caregivers. Response to a diagnosis often includes grief, shock, and despair. Unfortunately, evidence demonstrates inadequate use of person-centered communication practices during diagnostic disclosure, which adds to psychological distress.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The approval of anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides a novel approach to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Infusions in alternative sites of care can benefit the patient financially and logistically, but coverage is largely payor dependent. The purpose of this study is to describe observations from this national complex specialty pharmacy around the safety of anti-amyloid mAb infusions in alternative sites of care, including the home.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Over 15 million informal caregivers provide assistance to persons living with dementia. Despite increasing emergency department (ED) use within the population, little is known regarding the support required of older adults seeking acute care with varying degrees of cognitive impairment. Our objectives were to quantify the daily care hours that informal caregivers provide to older ED patients with diagnosed dementia, undiagnosed cognitive impairment, and intact cognition.

Evaluation of the Patient Global Impression of Symptom Severity (PGISS) Score as a Subjective and Objective Measure of Disease Activity in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background: The Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) is a 22-question survey that is utilized to evaluate health-related quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The Patient Global Impression Symptom Severity (PGISS) is a similar yet versatile instrument that combines features of both a Likert scale and a visual analog to assess symptom severity in CRS patients. While previous studies have evaluated the validity of SNOT-22 as an instrument to measure CRS patients' symptom severity, no studies have evaluated PGISS scale's ability to evaluate and guide treatment plans for CRS patients.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Caring for nursing home residents with dementia can be challenging. Staff who work in nursing homes tend to have high staff turnover. In order to help with staff retention, there needs to be an understanding of the job role.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: A potential mechanism underpinning the cognitive benefits from physical activity and aerobic exercise is cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Greater cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was associated with better executive function, short-term memory, and global cognition in older adults without cognitive impairment. Sex differences in CRF has been established in adults.

Hepatic metabolism and ketone production in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Purpose Of Review: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is present in 25-35% of individuals in the United States. The purpose of this review is to provide the contextual framework for hepatic ketogenesis in MASLD and to spotlight recent advances that have improved our understanding of the mechanisms that drive its development and progression.

Recent Findings: Traditionally, hepatic ketogenesis has only been considered metabolically during prolonged fasting/starvation or with carbohydrate deplete ketogenic diets where ketones provide important alternative energy sources.