Defining variances in practice for use of electrophysiology studies in risk stratification of patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: a PACES survey.

Sudden cardiac death poses a significant risk in patients with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Despite extensive research, risk stratification practices vary. This study surveyed the Pediatric and Adult Congenital Electrophysiology Society to identify these differences.

Increasing cellular NAD protects hepatocytes against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by preventing PARP-1 inhibition and the mTORC1-p300 pathway activation.

Hepatic lipotoxicity, resulting from excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of various metabolic liver diseases. Despite recent progress, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Employing excessive exposure to palmitate in hepatocytes as our primary experimental model and mice studies, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms behind hepatic lipotoxicity, thereby developing potential treatments.

Are More Adults Bleeding After Tonsillectomy Than in the Past?

Objective: Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) rates have increased in children over the last decade. This study aimed to determine whether PTH incidence in adults had also increased over the last 15 years.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Pegcetacoplan for the Treatment of Paediatric C3 Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report.

Complement 3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a rare glomerular disease involving dysregulation of the complement system. We describe our experience using pegcetacoplan, an inhibitor of C3 and its activation fragment, C3b, for treatment-resistant C3GN in a 9-year-old boy referred for evaluation of refractory membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Despite treatment with intense immunosuppression (high-dose steroids, mycophenolate mofetil and calcineurin inhibitor), he continued to have high disease activity with low C3 levels (35 mg/dL), hypertension, symptomatic oedema, anaemia, and nephrotic-range proteinuria (e.

How Do Computational Models in the Cognitive and Brain Sciences Explain?

The nature of explanation is an important area of inquiry in philosophy of science. Consensus has been that explanation in the cognitive and brain sciences is typically a special case of causal explanation, specifically, mechanistic explanation. But recently there has been increased attention to computational explanation in the brain sciences and to whether that can be understood as a variety of mechanistic explanation.

High-Efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Unveils Biofilm Insights and Enhances Antimicrobial Activity in Bacillus velezensis FZB42.

Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a prominent plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and biocontrol agent known for producing a wide array of antimicrobial compounds. The capability to genetically manipulate this strain would facilitate understanding its metabolism and enhancing its sustainable agriculture applications. In this study, we report the first successful implementation of high-efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in B.

Physical Aspects of Sexuality, Attachment, and Sexual Satisfaction.

Healthy sexuality includes relational, emotional, and physical elements as noted in the sexual wholeness model. Genital acceptance (emotional comfort with reactions to genitalia) and physical sexual knowledge (knowledge of the physical aspects of sex) are two areas of physical relationships that may be associated with sexual satisfaction. Attachment is a factor that has been associated with sexual relationships and may be an intervening variable between the physical aspects of sex and sexual satisfaction.

Early Division of the Paramedian Forehead Flap: A Systematic Review and Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To determine whether and when early division of the paramedian forehead flap may be safely performed.

Data Sources: PubMed (NLM), Scopus (Elsevier), and Embase (Elsevier).

Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Embase was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Long-Lasting Auditory and Vestibular Recovery Following Gene Replacement Therapy in a Novel Usher Syndrome Type 1c Mouse Model.

Usher syndrome type 1C (USH1C) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the USH1C gene, which encodes harmonin, a key component of the mechanoelectrical transduction complex in auditory and vestibular hair cells. USH1C leads to deafness and vestibular dysfunction in humans. An Ush1c knockout (KO) mouse model displaying these characteristic deficits is generated in our laboratory.

Complement-Mediated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Due to MCP/CD46 Mutation: A Case Report.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a severe condition characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and end-organ damage, often involving the kidneys. Complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (cHUS), a rare form of TMA, arises from dysregulated alternative complement pathway activation, frequently due to genetic mutations. We report the case of a 23-year-old male presenting with TMA secondary to a heterozygous mutation in the membrane cofactor protein (MCP/CD46) gene.

Inconsistent Associations of Modified Frailty Index-5 With Adverse Head and Neck Reconstruction Outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the consistency of associations between modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5) and postoperative adverse outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) reconstruction.

Methods: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2017 to 2022 was utilized to identify HNC patients undergoing locoregional or microvascular free tissue transfers. Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable Cox regression analyses were utilized to compare risk of infections, bleeding, readmissions, reoperations, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and mortality within the first postoperative month for each mFI-5 score with mFI-5 = 0 as reference.

Resolution of Iatrogenic Spinal Accessory Neuropathy Following Delayed Surgical Intervention.

We present an interesting case of a 74-year-old female who presented with spinal accessory neuropathy following an ipsilateral right-sided carotid endarterectomy 6 months after the initial injury. Subsequent surgical exploration revealed a surgical clip that had been placed directly across the spinal accessory nerve. Clip removal and neurolysis was subsequently performed, leaving the nerve intact.

Lesion Formation in Cardiac Pulsed-Field Ablation: Acute to Chronic Cellular Level Changes.

As pulsed-field ablation (PFA) emerges as a promising therapy for atrial arrhythmias, an understanding of the cellular injury to cardiac tissue is critical to evaluating and interpreting results for each PFA system. This review aims to detail the mechanism of cell death for PFA, compare the cell death mechanism to thermal ablation modalities, clarify common histology markers, detail the progression of PFA lesions from the acute, to subacute, to chronic maturation states, and discuss clinical indicators of PFA lesions.

First relapse in older adults with multiple myeloma: Creating new pathways in uncharted territory.

Treatment options for older adults with relapsed multiple myeloma are constrained by the toxicities of existing treatments, the ageing-associated vulnerabilities that may increase the risk of poor treatment tolerance and patient preferences for treatments that do not impair their function or cognition. The study by Toussea et al. epitomizes approaches to designing trials specifically for more vulnerable older adults and moves the field forward with a regimen of great interest for older adults experiencing their first relapse.

The fungal microbiota modulate neonatal oxygen-induced lung injury.

Background: The immature lungs of very preterm infants are exposed to supraphysiologic oxygen, contributing to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease that is the most common morbidity of prematurity. While the microbiota significantly influences neonatal health, the relationship between the intestinal microbiome, particularly micro-eukaryotic members such as fungi and yeast, and lung injury severity in newborns remains unknown.

Results: Here, we show that the fungal microbiota modulates hyperoxia-induced lung injury severity in very low birth weight premature infants and preclinical pseudohumanized and altered fungal colonization mouse models.

Tau oligomers impair memory and synaptic plasticity through the cellular prion protein.

Deposition of abnormally phosphorylated tau aggregates is a central event leading to neuronal dysfunction and death in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies. Among tau aggregates, oligomers (TauOs) are considered the most toxic. AD brains show significant increase in TauOs compared to healthy controls, their concentration correlating with the severity of cognitive deficits and disease progression.

CARDIAC-STAR: prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with HR + /HER2 - metastatic breast cancer.

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities and concurrent medications with risk of heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation can impact treatment decisions and safety discussions for patients with breast cancer. However, limited data are available regarding their prevalence in patients with HR + /HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). We evaluated the prevalence of CV comorbidities, the use of concurrent medications with risk of QTc prolongation, and treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed HR + /HER2 - mBC.

RNA binding protein ILF3 increases CEP55 mRNA stability to enhance malignant potential of breast cancer cells and suppress ferroptosis.

Background: Ferroptosis has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer treatment. CEP55, a key regulator of cell mitosis, plays a significant role in the tumorigenesis of many malignancies. In this study, we elucidated the function of CEP55 in the ferroptosis of breast cancer (BC).

Vision impairment in boys recruited to the iREAD study.

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is reported to be the most common cause globally of vision impairment in school age children. However, little is known about the extent of uncorrected refractive error in Israel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vision impairment in schoolchildren recruited for the Israel Refraction, Environment, And Devices (iREAD) Study.

Impact of cariprazine on body weight and blood pressure among adults with bipolar I disorder, schizophrenia, or major depressive disorder in a real-world setting.

Background: Atypical antipsychotics are a common treatment for serious mental illness, but many are associated with adverse effects, including weight gain and cardiovascular issues, and real-world experience may differ from clinical trial data. Cariprazine has previously demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile in clinical trials. Here, we evaluated the effects of cariprazine on body weight and blood pressure for bipolar I disorder (BP-I), schizophrenia, or as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) using real-world data.

A new method for detecting mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and reconstructing constituent strains provides insights into transmission.

Background: Mixed infection with multiple strains of the same pathogen in a single host can present clinical and analytical challenges. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data can identify signals of multiple strains in samples, though the precision of previous methods can be improved. Here, we present MixInfect2, a new tool to accurately detect mixed samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis short-read WGS data.

Improved primary stability and load transfer of a customized osseointegrated transfemoral prosthesis compared to a commercial one.

Background: Transfemoral osseointegrated prostheses, like other uncemented prostheses experience the risk of aseptic loosening and post-operative periprosthetic fractures, with an incidence between 3% and 30%. To date, however, osseointegrated off-the-shelf prostheses are manufactured in a limited number of sizes, and some patients do not meet the strict eligibility criteria of commercial devices. A customized osseointegrated stem was developed and a pre-clinical in vitro investigation of the stem was performed, to evaluate its biomechanical performance.

Lipidome disruption in Alzheimer's disease brain: detection, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is among the most devastating neurodegenerative disorders with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence points to the involvement of lipid dysregulation in the development of AD. Nevertheless, the precise lipidomic landscape and the mechanistic roles of lipids in disease pathology remain poorly understood.

Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is a leading non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. The 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein and positron emission tomography (PET)-imaging target that is highly expressed in MS brain lesions. It is used as an inflammatory biomarker and has been proposed as a therapeutic target.