Outcomes and Impact of Device Iterations in Mitral Valve Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: The REPAIR Study.

Background: The PASCAL P10 system for mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair has undergone iterations, including introduction of the narrower Ace implant and the Precision delivery system.

Objectives: The study sought to evaluate outcomes and the impact of PASCAL mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair device iterations.

Methods: The REPAIR (REgistry of PAscal for mltral Regurgitation) study is an investigator-initiated, multicenter registry including consecutive patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) treated from 2019 to 2024.

Systolic Blood Pressure and Pulse Pressure in Heart Failure: Pooled Participant-Level Analysis of 4 Trials.

Background: Hypertension is common in patients with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF), and current guidelines recommend treating systolic blood pressure (SBP) to a target <130 mm Hg. However, data supporting treatment to this target are limited. Additionally, pulse pressure (PP), a marker of aortic stiffness, has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, but its prognostic impact in HFpEF has not been extensively studied.

Influenza B virus infection alters the regenerative potential of murine alveolar type 2 pneumocytes.

Unlabelled: Respiratory epithelial cells can survive direct infection by influenza viruses, and the long-term consequences of that infection have been characterized in a subset of proximal airway cell types. The impact on the cells that survive viral infection in the distal lung epithelia, however, is much less well-characterized. Utilizing a Cre-expressing influenza B virus (IBV) and a lox-stop-lox tdTomato reporter mouse model, we identified that alveolar type 2 (AT2) pneumocytes, a progenitor cell type in the distal lung, can survive viral infection.

The importance of Fcγ and C-type lectin receptors in host immune responses during pneumonia.

pneumonia (PJP) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality during AIDS. In AIDS, the absence of CD4 immunity results in exuberant and often fatal PJP. In addition, organism clearance requires a balanced macrophage response since excessive inflammation promotes lung injury and respiratory failure.

Are we serologically prepared against an avian influenza pandemic and could seasonal flu vaccines help us?

The current situation with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) is causing a worldwide concern due to multiple outbreaks in wild birds, poultry, and mammals. Moreover, multiple zoonotic infections in humans have been reported. Importantly, HPAI H5N1 viruses with genetic markers of adaptation to mammals have been detected.

Strain-limited biofilm regulation through the Brg1-Rme1 circuit in .

Unlabelled: Prominent virulence traits of include its ability to produce filamentous hyphal cells and grow as a biofilm. These traits are under control of numerous transcription factors (TFs), including Brg1 and Rme1. In the reference strain SC5314, a Δ/Δ mutant has reduced levels of biofilm/filament production; a Δ/Δ Δ/Δ double mutant has wild-type levels of biofilm/filament production.

How accurate is ceftriaxone at predicting susceptibility of enterobacterales isolates to oral higher-generation cephalosporins?

The reliability of ceftriaxone for inferring susceptibility to higher-generation oral cephalosporins is unknown. Overall, ceftriaxone susceptibility predicted susceptibility to cefuroxime (89%), cefdinir (86%), cefpodoxime (90%), and cefixime (94%) based on disk diffusion results for 409 consecutive Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates from unique patients. Susceptibility percentages to the four oral cephalosporins ranged from 92% to 99% when limited to , isolates susceptible to ceftriaxone.

Absence of biofilm adhesin proteins changes surface attachment and cell strategy for Hildenborough.

Unlabelled: Ubiquitous in nature, biofilms provide stability in a fluctuating environment and provide protection from stressors. Biofilms formed in industrial processes are exceedingly problematic and costly. While biofilms of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the environment are often beneficial because of their capacity to remove toxic metals from water, in industrial pipelines, these biofilms cause a major economic impact due to their involvement in metal and concrete corrosion.

Decomposition of the pangenome matrix reveals a structure in gene distribution in the species.

Unlabelled: Thousands of complete genome sequences for strains of a species that are now available enable the advancement of pangenome analytics to a new level of sophistication. We collected 2,377 publicly available complete genomes of for detailed pangenome analysis. The core genome and accessory genomes consisted of 2,398 and 5,182 genes, respectively.

A thermodynamic bottleneck in the TCA cycle contributes to acetate overflow in .

During aerobic growth, relies on acetate overflow metabolism, a process where glucose is incompletely oxidized to acetate, for its bioenergetic needs. Acetate is not immediately captured as a carbon source and is excreted as waste by cells. The underlying factors governing acetate overflow in have not been identified.

Treatment with BKI-1748 after systemic dissemination in experimentally infected pregnant sheep improves fetal and lamb mortality and morbidity and prevents congenital infection.

Drug development for congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging since first-line therapy has a high rate of adverse effects and exhibits suboptimal efficacy. Bumped kinase inhibitors (BKIs), targeting protein kinases with small gatekeeper residues, have been found to be effective against . The efficacy of BKI-1748 administered later than 2 days post-infection (p.

Transposon-sequencing across multiple isolates reveals significant functional genomic diversity among strains.

Unlabelled: ) is a clinically significant pathogen and a highly genetically diverse species due to its large accessory genome. The functional consequence of this diversity remains unknown mainly because, to date, functional genomic studies in have been primarily performed on reference strains. Given the growing public health threat of infections, understanding the functional genomic differences among clinical isolates can provide more insight into how its genetic diversity influences gene essentiality, clinically relevant phenotypes, and importantly, potential drug targets.

Effectiveness of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Overweight and Obese Adults with Type 1 Diabetes.

Adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are increasingly overweight or obese, in part due to intensive insulin therapy. Newer non-insulin medications targeting both hyperglycemia and weight loss are approved for people with type 2 diabetes. These drugs also reduce cardiovascular disease, the major cause of mortality in people with diabetes.

Updating probability of pathogenicity for RYR1 and CACNA1S exon variants in individuals without malignant hyperthermia after exposure to triggering anesthetics.

Objectives: We aimed to classify genetic variants in RYR1 and CACNA1S associated with malignant hyperthermia using biobank genotyping data in patients exposed to triggering anesthetics without malignant hyperthermia phenotype.

Methods: We identified individuals who underwent surgery and were exposed to triggering anesthetics without malignant hyperthermia phenotype and who had RYR1 or CACNA1S genotyping data available in our biobank. We classified all variants in the cohort using a Bayesian framework of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association of Molecular Pathologists guidelines for variant classification and updated the posterior probabilities from this model with the new information from our biobank cohort.

Vaccine hesitancy and other challenges to sexually transmitted infection vaccine acceptance.

Purpose Of Review: Development of vaccines that protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, has progressed greatly over the past decade. However, little research has been conducted to examine STI vaccine acceptance and hesitancy and how these factors may impact future uptake. This review examines literature that could provide additional insights into factors that would impact STI vaccine acceptance and hesitancy.

Progress towards effective vaccines for Chlamydia trachomatis.

Purpose Of Review: Effective vaccines to prevent sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection have eluded researchers for decades. However, recent studies of a promising vaccine in human trials, and emerging understanding of the complexity of the natural immune response to infection have provided hope for the eventual approval of a vaccine. This review highlights recent progress toward developing effective vaccines for Ct.

Biomarkers in the diagnosis of mast cell activation.

Purpose Of Review: Mast cell activation is defined by activation of mast cells by varying stimuli with release of chemical mediators either through degranulation or release of de novo synthesized proteins or lipid mediators. Currently, tryptase measurement increase during symptomatic episodes is the most accepted biomarker measurement for mast cell activation. However, newer diagnostic tools including clinically available urinary mast cell mediators are noninvasive and can be more readily obtained compared to serum tryptase levels.

Ego networks associated with e-cigarette use among college fraternity students: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To use egocentric network analysis (ENA) to identify how the role of social networks relates to e-cigarette use among college fraternity members.

Participants: 212 fraternity members participated in this study.

Methods: Hierarchical logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between egocentric network variables and ever use and current use of e-cigarettes.

Patient acceptability of intra-amniotic digoxin versus intracardiac lidocaine for inducing foetal demise prior to second trimester medical abortion: a prospective cohort.

Objective: To compare patient acceptability of inducing foetal demise procedures between intracardiac lidocaine and intra-amniotic digoxin administration prior to second trimester medical abortion.

Methods: We enrolled a prospective cohort of women who received either intra-cardiac lidocaine or intra-amniotic digoxin during second trimester medical abortion at later gestation (20-28 weeks) at our centre between April 2023 and March 2024. Data were collected prospectively using a structured questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic disparities in young adult mental health: Exploring the individual and conjoint effects of ACEs and campus climate.

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), but the role of contextual factors remains underexplored. Therefore, this study examined the moderating effect of campus climate on associations between ACEs and PTSS and whether effects differ based on racial/ethnic identity.

Participants: University students taking Psychology courses at a large public university in the Northeastern United States ( = 419).

A comparative view of human and mouse telencephalon inhibitory neuron development.

Human GABAergic inhibitory neurons (INs) in the telencephalon play crucial roles in modulating neural circuits, generating cortical oscillations, and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition. The major IN subtypes are based on their gene expression profiles, morphological diversity and circuit-specific functions. Although previous foundational work has established that INs originate in the ganglionic eminence regions in mice, recent studies have questioned origins in humans and non-human primates.

ACG Clinical Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the esophagus. It is diagnosed in the setting of symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and an eosinophilic predominant infiltrate in the esophagus. The condition is rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is commonly encountered in gastroenterology and allergy practices, emergency departments, and primary care settings.