The 2021 American Hand Therapy Foundation research priorities survey.

Background: In 1998, the American Hand Therapy Foundation (AHTF) surveyed Certified Hand Therapists and active Charter Members of the American Society of Hand Therapists to identify hand rehabilitation research priorities, guide grant awards, and confirm alignment with the foundation's mission.

Purpose: The American Hand Therapy Foundation repeated the survey in 2021 to confirm that its award funding was consistent with hand therapists' research priorities.

Study Design: Convergent parallel mixed method study design.

Social isolation during adolescence differentially affects spatial learning in adult male and female mice.

Social isolation is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to these effects, because they are in a critical period of development marked by significant physical, hormonal, and social changes. However, it is unclear if the effects of social isolation on learning and memory are similar in both sexes or if they persist into adulthood after a period of recovery.

Early life racial/ethnic discrimination effects on behavioral control and health outcomes in young adults.

Early life trauma has been shown to facilitate habitual behavior, which may predispose individuals toward perpetuating maladaptive behaviors. However, previous investigations did not account for other traumatic childhood experiences like racial/ethnic discrimination exposure, nor have they examined the interaction of trauma and habits on real-world adverse outcomes. To examine these effects, we recruited 96 young adults (20.

Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex.

Chronic stress typically leads to deficits in fear extinction. However, when a delay occurs from the end of chronic stress and the start of fear conditioning (a "recovery"), rats show improved context-cue discrimination, compared to recently stressed rats or nonstressed rats. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is important for fear extinction and undergoes neuronal remodeling after chronic stress ends, which could drive improved context-cue discrimination.

Building Family Medicine Research Through Community Engagement: Leveraging Federal Awards to Develop Infrastructure.

Many academic departments and programs struggle with the challenge of how to begin a meaningful research program. A useful place to start is with the work they already are doing in communities. Using work in practices and other clinical venues as a springboard can build helpful relationships that can catalyze research and build infrastructure that matters to family medicine clinicians, researchers, and the communities they serve.

Large donor CRISPR for whole-CDS replacement of cell adhesion molecule LRRTM2.

The cell adhesion molecule Leucine-Rich Repeat Transmembrane neuronal protein 2 (LRRTM2) is crucial for synapse development and function. However, our understanding of its endogenous trafficking has been limited due to difficulties in manipulating its coding sequence (CDS) using standard genome editing techniques. Instead, we replaced the entire LRRTM2 CDS by adapting a two-guide CRISPR knock-in method, enabling complete control of LRRTM2.

Topographic Axes of Wiring Space Converge to Genetic Topography in Shaping Human Cortical Layout.

Genetic information is involved in the gradual emergence of cortical areas since the neural tube begins to form, shaping the heterogeneous functions of neural circuits in the human brain. Informed by invasive tract-tracing measurements, the cortex exhibits marked interareal variation in connectivity profiles, revealing the heterogeneity across cortical areas. However, it remains unclear about the organizing principles possibly shared by genetics and cortical wiring to manifest the spatial heterogeneity across cortex.

Attention rhythmically shapes sensory tuning.

Attention is key to perception and human behavior, and evidence shows that it periodically samples sensory information (<20Hz). However, this view has been recently challenged due to methodological concerns and gaps in our understanding of the function and mechanism of rhythmic attention. Here we used an intensive ∼22-hour psychophysical protocol combined with reverse correlation analyses to infer the neural representation underlying these rhythms.

Histone Methyltransferase G9a in Primary Sensory Neurons Promotes Inflammatory Pain and Transcription of and via Bivalent Histone Modifications.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are crucial for detecting and transmitting nociceptive stimuli. Inflammatory pain is associated with sustained increases in TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression in primary sensory neurons. However, the epigenetic mechanisms driving this upregulation remain unknown.

Complementary Organization of Mouse Driver and Modulator Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits.

Corticocortical (CC) projections in the visual system facilitate hierarchical processing of sensory information. In addition to direct CC connections, indirect cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) pathways through the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus can relay sensory signals and mediate cortical interactions according to behavioral demands. While the pulvinar connects extensively to the entire visual cortex, it is unknown whether transthalamic pathways link all cortical areas or whether they follow systematic organizational rules.

Effectiveness of the Interdisciplinary Home-bAsed Reablement Programme (I-HARP) on improving functional independence of people living with dementia: a multicentre, pragmatic, randomised, open-label, controlled trial.

Background: We investigated the effectiveness of an Interdisciplinary Home-bAsed Reablement Programme (I-HARP) on improving functional independence, health and well-being of people with dementia, family carer outcomes and costs.

Method: A multicentre pragmatic parallel-arm randomised controlled trial compared I-HARP to usual care in community-dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia and their family carers in Sydney, Australia (2018-2022). I-HARP is a 4-month, home-based, dementia rehabilitation model delivered by an interdisciplinary team.

Middle meningeal artery embolization with surgical evacuation improves outcomes in chronic subdural hematoma: a multi-institutional and multinational database study.

Background: Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) is emerging as a promising adjunctive treatment in patients with chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). This study presents real world multicenter data comparing outcomes in cSDH patients undergoing surgical treatment alone or combined with MMAE.

Methods: This multi-institutional, multinational, retrospective, propensity-matched study utilized the TriNetX platform to compare outcomes in patients undergoing surgical evacuation and MMAE versus surgery alone for cSDH.

Cerebral blood volume index in the era of thrombectomy-treated large and medium vessel ischemic strokes.

The cerebral blood volume index (CBV index) is a perfusion-based marker of collateral status. Several real-world data analyses from observational stroke cohorts have established relationships between this parameter and a range of favorable and unfavorable stroke outcomes. In this review, an overview is provided of the CBV index, within the context of thrombectomy-treated large vessel and medium vessel occlusion ischemic strokes.

Phase I study of BMS-986299, an NLRP3 agonist, as monotherapy and in combination with nivolumab and ipilimumab in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Purpose: BMS-986299 is a first-in-class, NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome agonist enhancing adaptive immune and T-cell memory responses.

Materials And Methods: This was a phase-I (NCT03444753) study that assessed the safety and tolerability of intra-tumoral BMS-986299 monotherapy (part 1A) and in combination (part 1B) with nivolumab, and ipilimumab in advanced solid tumors. Reported here are single-center results.

Pancreatic cancer cell-intrinsic transglutaminase-2 promotes T cell suppression through microtubule-dependent secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines.

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mostly refractory to immunotherapy due to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell-intrinsic T cell tolerance mechanisms. PDAC is described as a "cold" tumor type with poor infiltration by T cells and factors leading to intratumoral T cell suppression have thus received less attention. Here, we identify a cancer cell-intrinsic mechanism that contributes to a T cell-resistant phenotype and describes potential combinatorial therapy.

Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.

Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the design of novel therapeutic strategies and related clinical studies.

Synesis as a framework to enable safety interventions in complex healthcare environments.

Background: Despite wide adoption in the healthcare of safety event report (SER) systems, there is a paucity of unified structures for prompt analysis and action while retaining reporter confidentiality. We used a synesis framework to change siloed reviews of safety reports to a comprehensive appraisal of quality, safety, productivity and reliability to facilitate interventions.

Methods: After a needs assessment survey, we launched serial plan-do-study-act cycles to (1) enhance teams' ability to access SERs, (2) facilitate regular multidisciplinary review of SERs to identify actionable opportunities, (3) allocate action priority using failure mode and effects analysis, and (4) launch actions and summarise data.

Finding a constrained number of predictor phenotypes for multiple outcome prediction.

Background: Prognostic models help aid medical decision-making. Various prognostic models are available via websites such as MDCalc, but these models typically predict one outcome, for example, stroke risk. Each model requires individual predictors, for example, age, lab results and comorbidities.

The ChatGPT Fact-Check: Exploiting the Limitations of Generative AI to Develop Evidenced-Based Reasoning Skills in College Science Courses.

Generative large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT can quickly produce informative essays on various topics. However, the information generated cannot be fully trusted as artificial intelligence (AI) can make factual mistakes. This poses challenges for using such tools in college classrooms.

The (dys)regulation of energy storage in obesity.

Metabolic energy stored mainly as adipose tissue is homeostatically regulated. There is strong evidence that human body weight () is physiologically regulated, i.e.

Online correction of intrafraction motion during volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate radiotherapy using fiducial-based kV imaging: A cohort study quantifying the frequency of shifts and analysis of men at highest risk.

Background: Various methods exist to correct for intrafraction motion (IFM) of the prostate during radiotherapy. We sought to characterize setup corrections in our practice informed by the TrueBeam Advanced imaging package, and analyze factors associated with IFM.

Methods: 132 men received radiation therapy for prostate cancer with a volumetric modulated arc therapy technique.

Impact of Obesity on GVHD in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Hematologic Malignancies.

Background: The relationship between obesity and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been studied in both pre-clinical and clinical studies with varying results.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the impact of obesity, as measured by body mass index (BMI), on the incidence, severity, and response to therapy of GVHD in a contemporary cohort.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective study of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome between January 2010 and December 2021 at the Cleveland Clinic.