Sex differences for regional pathology in people with a high likelihood of Lewy body dementia phenotype based on underlying pathology.

Introduction: Clinicopathological correlations differ by sex in Lewy body dementia (LBD). However, previous studies have focused on pathological staging systems that place less emphasis on regional pathologies.

Methods: We included 357 people (131 female, 226 male) with a high likelihood of LBD based on pathology from the Brain Bank for Neurodegenerative (Jacksonville, FL).

Inflammation biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease: A pilot study using NULISAseq.

Introduction: Increasing evidence links amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation with inflammation. This pilot study investigated the use of an immunoassay panel to map biomarker changes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, we evaluated the stability of protein quantification after multiple freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs).

Diagnostic Accuracy of Apple Watch Electrocardiogram for Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Electrocardiography (ECG) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, smartwatches like the Apple Watch have emerged as a promising, user-friendly device for rapid detection and diagnosis of AF, but the reliability and diagnostic accuracy still remain controversial.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic performance of the Apple Watch ECG in detecting AF.

Time Trends in Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Meta-Analysis on Sex Differences.

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is considered the procedure of choice for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), as it significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes. However, considerable uncertainty persists regarding the potential sex differences in PCI outcomes, due to conflicting results in previous studies.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to evaluate potential sex-related differences in cardiovascular adverse outcomes after PCI among ACS patients.

Goal-Directed Versus Self-Directed Valsalva Maneuver in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy on Cardiac Myosin Inhibitor Therapy.

Background: The Valsalva maneuver is essential in evaluating left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Traditionally, a self-directed Valsalva (SDV) maneuver is taught to patients using vague instructions such as "bear down." SDV is often not performed correctly leading to variable results and underestimation of the true provocable LVOT gradient.

Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Cardiology Physicians and Fellows in Training.

Background: The number of practicing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) cardiologists is unknown despite diversity initiatives focused on understanding workforce demographics.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, sources of mistreatment, and measures of wellness among the LGBTQ+ cardiology community.

Methods: An online survey was sent to the American College of Cardiology Fellow in Training and Early Career Professional Listservs and shared on social media sites.

Medium-Term Effects of Increased Water Intake and Head-Up Sleep on Cardiovascular Health.

Background: Whether medium-term increased water intake alone, or in combination with co-adjuvant nonexercise interventions aimed to expand blood volume (BV), improve the human cardiovascular phenotype and cardiorespiratory fitness remains unexplored.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the medium-term impact of increased (+40%) fluid (water) intake (IFI) or IFI plus head-up sleep (IFI + HUS) on BV and the cardiovascular phenotype in healthy individuals.

Methods: Healthy adults (n = 35, age 42 ± 18 years, 51% female) matched by sex, age, body composition, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness were randomly allocated to IFI or IFI + HUS for 3 months.

Psychological Distress in Adults With Myocardial Infarction: Implications for Health Care Utilization and Expenditure.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) poses a major financial burden on the U.S. health care system, but its impact on medical expenses and health care utilization when coupled with psychological distress remains unknown.

Diversity Recruitment in Cardiovascular Specialties: Barriers and Opportunities in Postgraduate Training Programs.

Background: Diversity in postgraduate training programs can be increased through program-based recruitment strategies. Prospective applicants often examine website content to determine if training programs are inclusive and offer a good fit. Poor overlap between program director recruitment goals and program website content as a barrier to recruiting a diverse physician workforce has not extensively been studied.

Sex Differences in the Safety and Efficacy of Different Durations of DAPT After PCI.

Background: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the clinical impact of abbreviating the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and have reported outcomes in men and women.

Objectives: The authors examined the safety and efficacy of different durations of DAPT following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in men and women.

Methods: We searched Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for RCTs that compared any 2 of 1, 3, 6, or 12 months of DAPT after PCI and reported outcomes in men and women.

Evaluating Differences in Baseline Knee Hyperextension and Postoperative Stiffness Between Patients With Tibial Spine Fracture Versus ACL Tear.

Background: While generalized ligamentous laxity is a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction failure, there is a paucity of literature evaluating underlying dynamic risk factors predisposing pediatric and adolescent patients to ACL tears or tibial spine fractures.

Purpose: To (1) evaluate differences in baseline knee hyperextension and postoperative knee stiffness between patients who sustained tibial spine fractures versus ACL tears and (2) determine whether there were other demographic and dynamic injury differences between these patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Sex- and Age-Specific Analysis of Mountain Biking Injuries: A 10-Year Review of National Injury Data.

Background: Mountain biking (MTB) is a quickly growing sport, with many athletes sustaining high-impact injuries. Current literature has not analyzed the most recent MTB-related national emergency department (ED) injury data.

Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that (1) the total number of injuries presenting to US EDs would significantly increase over the study period, (2) male patients would experience higher rates of shoulder injuries and airborne injury mechanisms than female patients, and (3) youths would present more frequently with injuries of the head and face than adults.

Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Leader-follower Robot-assisted System for Femur Fracture Surgery.

In the face of challenges encountered during femur fracture surgery, such as the high rates of malalignment and X-ray exposure to operating personnel, robot-assisted surgery has emerged as an alternative to conventional state-of-the-art surgical methods. This paper introduces the development of a leader-follower robot-assisted system for femur fracture surgery, called Robossis. Robossis comprises a 7-DOF haptic controller and a 6-DOF surgical robot.

Limitations of Using Mobile Phones for Managing Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) Among Youth in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Implications for mHealth.

The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) among youth is increasing worldwide. Mobile phones, particularly mHealth applications, can potentially improve youth's management of this chronic condition. However, the design of these services rarely accounts for users in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Sex and authorship in global cancer research.

Introduction: Research is an essential pillar of cancer control and key in shaping regional cancer control agendas. Imbalances in science and technology in terms of lack of female participation have been well documented. However, there is little evidence about country-level female participation in cancer research.

Assessing patient risk, benefit and outcomes in drug development: an observational study of regorafenib clinical trials.

Objective: Our objective of this study was to analyse all oncological clinical trials using regorafenib to create a complete risk/benefit profile for the drug.

Background: Creating a novel chemotherapy is costly both in time and capital spent for drug manufacturers. To regenerate what they've spent, drug manufacturers may attempt to repurpose their medications for new indications via clinical trials.

Cancer incidence and competing mortality risk following 15 presenting symptoms in primary care: a population-based cohort study using electronic healthcare records.

Objectives: Assessment of age, sex and smoking-specific risk of cancer diagnosis and non-cancer mortality following primary care consultation for 15 new-onset symptoms.

Methods And Analysis: Data on patients aged 30-99 in 2007-2017 were extracted from a UK primary care database (CPRD Gold), comprising a randomly selected reference group and a symptomatic cohort of patients presenting with one of 15 new onset symptoms (abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, rectal bleed, change in bowel habit, dyspepsia, dysphagia, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, haematuria, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, jaundice, breast lump and post-menopausal bleed).Time-to-event models were used to estimate outcome-specific hazards for site-specific cancer diagnosis and non-cancer mortality and to estimate cumulative incidence up to 12 months following index consultation.