Lessons Learned From the Liver About the Undergraduate to Graduate Medical Education Transition.

The burden of cirrhosis and chronic liver disease is growing, yet there is a projected worsening deficit in hepatology providers. As such, cirrhosis and liver disease have been important inclusions within the core curricula of Internal Medicine. Formal assessments of provider preparedness resulting from the curriculum are lacking though.

Medusa's gaze: Cell traces and fibrils but no collagen in permineralized Jurassic ichthyosaur bone.

Bone is formed by specialized cells whose activity allows bone to grow, change shape, and repair itself. Its composite structure of collagen fibrils and bioapatite nanocrystals gives bone exceptional mechanical strength. Using scanning electron microscopy, we show in fossil ichthyosaurs, 150 to 200 million years old, from the Jurassic of France and the UK, abundant and direct evidence of cellular activity on the fossilized forming, resting, and resorbing surfaces of bone trabeculae, as well as bone fibrils, Sharpey fibers, and cartilage fibers.

The BEN domain protein LIN-14 coordinates neuromuscular positioning during epidermal maturation.

Development and function of an organism depend on coordinated inter-tissue interaction. How such interactions are maintained during tissue renewal and reorganization remains poorly understood. Here, we find that BEN domain transcription factor LIN-14 is required in epidermis for maintaining the position of motor neurons and muscles during developmental tissue reorganization.

Cyclopentadienyl cations.

This perspective covers the chemistry of cyclopentadienyl cations from the first synthetic attempts generating transient variants to their successful isolation earlier this year. They are highly reactive species that researchers struggled to isolate and characterize that stifled efforts to explore their reactivity. The recent isolation of a cyclopentadienyl cation enabled characterization and reactivity studies that make this an exciting time in the area that will undoubtedly inspire research in cyclic four π-electron systems.

Cognitive and Alzheimer's disease biomarker effects of oral nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Introduction: Age-associated depletion in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) concentrations has been implicated in metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Supplementation with NAD+ precursors, such as nicotinamide riboside (NR), offers a potential therapeutic avenue against neurodegenerative pathologies in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. A crossover, double-blind, randomized placebo (PBO) controlled trial was conducted to test the safety and efficacy of 8 weeks' active treatment with NR (1 g/day) on cognition and plasma AD biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.

Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep Apnea, Myocardial Infarct Size, and Coronary Collaterals in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Multidisciplinary Study.

Purpose: We designed a study investigating the cardioprotective role of sleep apnea (SA) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), focusing on its association with infarct size and coronary collateral circulation.

Methods: We recruited adults with AMI, who underwent Level-III SA testing during hospitalization. Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed to quantify AMI size (percent-infarcted myocardium).

Preschoolers Represent Abstract Relations Predicated on Kind Membership.

Recent work demonstrates that U.S. preschoolers can represent the abstract relational concepts and when these abstract relational concepts are predicated upon perceptual dimensions (e.

What Kinds of Computations Can Young Children Perform Over Non-Symbolic Representations of Small Quantities?

Children can manipulate non-symbolic representations of both small quantities of objects (about four or fewer, represented by the parallel individuation system) and large quantities of objects (represented by the analog magnitude system, or AMS). Previous work has shown that children can perform a variety of non-symbolic operations over AMS representations (like summing and solving for an unknown addend), but are not able to perform further operations on the derived solutions of such non-symbolic operations. However, while the computational capacity of AMS has been studied extensively in early childhood, less is known about the computational capacity of the parallel individuation system.

Hearing Pronouns Primes Speakers to Use Pronouns.

Speaking requires frequent decisions about how to refer, for example whether to use a pronoun (she) or a name (Ana). It is well known that this choice is guided by the discourse context, but little is known about the representations that are activated. We use priming to test whether this choice can be facilitated through recent exposure, and if so, what representations are activated.

Rapid and automated interpretation of CRISPR-Cas13-based lateral flow assay test results using machine learning.

CRISPR-Cas-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids, offering improved speed, simplicity and cost-effectiveness compared to polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. However, visual interpretation of CRISPR-Cas-based LFA test results is prone to human error, potentially leading to false-positive or false-negative outcomes when analyzing test/control lines. To address this limitation, we have developed two neural network models: one based on a fully convolutional neural network and the other on a lightweight mobile-optimized neural network for automated interpretation of CRISPR-Cas-based LFA test results.

ChatGPT is an Unreliable Source of Peer-Reviewed Information for Common Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patient Questions.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and publicly accessible language model tools such as ChatGPT-3.5 continue to shape the landscape of modern medicine and patient education. ChatGPT's open access (OA), instant, human-sounding interface capable of carrying discussion on myriad topics makes it a potentially useful resource for patients seeking medical advice.

Digital cervicography using mobile phones with real-time consultation (DCRC) to improve performance of Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) in cervical cancer screening of HIV-infected women. A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) has been adopted for cervical cancer screening in Kenya and other Low-Middle Income Countries despite providing suboptimal results among HIV-infected women. It is mostly performed by nurses in health centers. Innovative ways of improving the performance of VIA in HIV-infected women are desired.

Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Charcot Neuro-Osteoarthropathy in People With Diabetes Mellitus in Six Countries: A Multicenter Observational Study From 1996 to 2022.

To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy (CNO) and to examine for differences between participants with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Multicenter observational study in eight diabetic foot clinics in six countries between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2022. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were obtained from the medical records.

Uncovering the substrate of olefin synthase loading domains in cyanobacteria sp. strain PCC 7002.

Cyanobacteria are widespread, photosynthetic, gram-negative bacteria that generate numerous bioactive secondary metabolites complex biosynthetic enzymatic machinery. The model cyanobacterium sp. strain PCC 7002, hereafter referred to as PCC 7002, contains a type I polyketide synthase (PKS), termed olefin synthase (OlsWT), that synthesizes 1-nonadecene and 1,14-nonadecadiene: α-olefins that are important for growth at low temperatures.

Cardio-Obstetrics Practice in Latin America: A Regional Survey of General Cardiologists.

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is a leading cause of death in pregnant women globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries including Latin America (LATAM), where there is lack of data on how cardiologists are trained in cardio-obstetrics (CO) and the practice patterns in the care of pregnant patients.

Objectives: The authors aimed to identify CO competency and practice patterns among LATAM general cardiologists.

Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional Google-based electronic survey was sent via email to clinical cardiologists through local American College of Cardiology chapters and CV societies.

Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) remains challenging.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on SCD in NICM patients.

Methods: Our study cohort included 173 consecutive patients (age 53 ± 14 years, 73% men) scheduled for primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) implantation who underwent preimplant cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asians in the Baylor Scott and White Health DILWALE Registry.

Background: Despite implementation of preventive interventions targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD), atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) remains a major public health concern in the South Asian (SA) population.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factor prevalence and ASCVD outcomes in SA population in the United States.

Methods: The DIL Wellness and Arterial health Longitudinal Evaluation registry collected data retrospectively on SA adult patients receiving care in the Baylor Scott & White Healthcare system.

Population-Based Analysis of Late Outcomes of Mitral Valve Repair for Degenerative Mitral Valve Regurgitation.

Background: Population-based analyses may reduce uncertainty related to referral bias and/or incomplete follow-up.

Objectives: This study analyzed long-term mortality and durability of mitral valve repair in a geographically defined population with clinical and echocardiographic follow-up.

Methods: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to identify 153 Olmsted County patients who underwent mitral valve repair for degenerative regurgitation from 1993 to 2018.

Valvular Heart Disease-Related Mortality Between Middle- and High-Income Countries During 2000 to 2019.

Background: Valvular heart disease (VHD) management has evolved rapidly in recent decades, but disparities in health care access persist among countries with varying socioeconomic backgrounds.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate global mortality trends from VHD and assess the difference between middle- and high-income countries.

Methods: We obtained mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database for VHD and its subgroups (rheumatic valvular disease [RVD], infective endocarditis [IE], aortic stenosis [AS], and mitral regurgitation [MR]) from 2000 to 2019.