Drowned Kidney and Liver Donors Demonstrate No Difference in Mortality and Graft Failure Compared With the 4 Most Common Extrinsic Causes of Donor Deaths.

Objectives: The risks of mortality and graft failure in those receiving organ transplants from donors who have drowned are unclear. We compared 5-year mortality and graft survival from those receiving a drowned donor kidney or liver to those receiving organs from alternative causes of nondrowning donor death.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we searched the United Network for Organ Sharing database between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2022.

The role of human intestinal mucus in the prevention of microplastic uptake and cell damage.

An increase in plastic waste and its release into the environment has led to health concerns over microplastics (MPs) in the environment. The intestinal mucosal layer is a key defense mechanism against ingested MPs, preventing the migration of particles to other parts of the body. MP migration through intestinal mucus is challenging to study due to difficulties in obtaining intact mucus layers for testing and numerous formulations, shapes, and sizes of microplastics.

Single-atom single-superatom as catalysts for ammonia production.

A new class of single-superatom catalyst (TiO, ZrO, and WC) supported on graphene is shown to outperform the stability and activity of their corresponding single-atom catalysts (Ni, Pd and Pt) for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. The results based on density functional theory point to a paradigm shift in catalyst design.

Friedreich ataxia: what can we learn from non-GAA repeat mutations?

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a slowly progressive neurological disease resulting from decreased levels of the protein frataxin, a small mitochondrial protein that facilitates the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters in the mitochondrion. It is caused by GAA (guanine-adenine-adenine) repeat expansions in the gene in 96% of patients, with 4% of patients carrying other mutations (missense, nonsense, deletion) in the gene. Compound heterozygote patients with one expanded GAA allele and a non-GAA repeat mutation can have subtle differences in phenotype from typical FRDA, including, in patients with selected missense mutations, both more severe features and less severe features in the same patient.

From synthesis to application: a review of BaZrS chalcogenide perovskites.

Chalcogenide perovskites are gaining prominence as earth-abundant and non-toxic solar absorber materials, crystallizing in a distorted perovskite structure. Among these, BaZrS has attracted the most attention due to its optimal bandgap and its ability to be synthesized at relatively low temperatures. BaZrS exhibits a high light absorption coefficient, excellent stability under exposure to air, moisture, and heat, and is composed of earth-abundant elements.

Translation and assessment of encultured meaning of the Multi-Dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Diné bizaad (Navajo) using community-based participatory action research methods.

Introduction: Perceived social support is a psychological construct that is used to describe the 'perception of adequacy' of the support being provided by a person's social network. Higher perceived social support has been linked to multiple benefits across numerous studies over the past several decades and among multiple populations. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a 12-item scale to assess the construct of perceived social support.

Mind the Data Gap: Using a Multi-Measurement Synthesis for Identifying the Challenges and Opportunities in Studying Plant Drought Response and Recovery.

Understanding and predicting plant water dynamics during and after water stress is increasingly important but challenging because the high-dimensional nature of the soil-plant-atmosphere system makes it difficult to identify mechanisms and constrain behaviour. Datasets that capture hydrological, physiological and meteorological variation during changing water availability are relatively rare but offer a potentially valuable resource to constrain plant water dynamics. This study reports on a drydown and re-wetting experiment of potted Populus trichocarpa, which intensively characterised plant water fluxes, water status and water sources.

What Control Measures Should I Use? Applying the Total Worker Health Hierarchy of Controls to Manage Workplace Fatigue.

Increased fatigue risk has been associated with safety-critical events such as work-related injuries. While control measures are needed to reduce these risks, the wide range and complexities of fatigue risk management strategies can make it difficult for organizations to prioritize efforts given limited resources and time. Given these challenges, the aims of this commentary are two-fold.

Patient-reported outcomes in genital gender-affirming surgery.

Purpose Of Review: We reviewed the latest articles in patient-reported outcomes as it relates to genital gender-affirming surgery (GGAS) and provide a narrative summary of each article.

Recent Findings: The current landscape of patient-reported outcomes measures (PROMs) within GGAS largely consists of various ad hoc questionnaires. Within the last two years, one new PROM, validated within the transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) community, have been described.

Single-cell multi-omics deciphers hepatocyte dedifferentiation and illuminates maintenance strategies.

Due to the similarity to human hepatocytes, porcine hepatocytes play an important role in hepatic research and drug evaluation. However, once hepatocytes were cultured in vitro, it was often prone to dedifferentiate, resulting in the loss of their characteristic features and normal functions, which impede their application in liver transplantation and hepatotoxic drugs evaluation. Up to now, this process has yet to be thoroughly investigated from the single-cell resolution and multi-omics perspective.

The Polygenic Nature of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Variants, Immunological Modulation, and Environmental Connections.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a debilitating inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, is significantly influenced by polygenic variations. Although the precise cause of MS remains unclear, it is believed to arise from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Recent investigations have focused on the polygenic nature of genetic alterations linked to MS risk.

Lost Highways: An Examination of the Question of Risk Involved in Sexual Homicides of Hitchhiking Victims.

Despite cultural references to the dangers of hitchhiking, particularly for sexual homicide, no published research investigates these incidents from both an offender and crime scene perspective. Using the Sexual Homicide International Database (SHIelD), we explore lifestyle risk by comparing sexual homicide cases involving hitchhiking victims to those involving victims engaged in sex trade work. The results, based on the use of bivariate and multivariate statistics, indicate that offenders view hitchhiking victims as opportunities for confinement without physical restraint, often engaging in sexual acts and theft.

Funding, Publication Rate and Characteristics of Paediatric Sleep Apnea Clinical Trials: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to characterise available clinical trial information for paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and identify opportunities for future research to better treat children with this condition.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of paediatric OSA clinical trials was conducted using the International Clinical Trials Registry. Criteria for inclusion included sleep apnea trials with participants < 18 years old and an interventional design.

Associations between social determinants of health and mental health disorders among U.S. population: a cross-sectional study.

Aims: The impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on mental health is increasingly realized. A comprehensive study examining the associations of SDOH with mental health disorders has yet to be accomplished. This study evaluated the associations between five domains of SDOH and the SDOH summary score and mental health disorders in the United States.

Managing Dual Dependencies: A Case Study of Concurrent Low-Dose Buprenorphine Induction and Rapid Phenobarbital Taper.

Co-occurring substance use disorders are common in medical settings, yet limited literature exists on concomitant pharmacological management. We present a case where low-dose buprenorphine induction (LDBI) and rapid phenobarbital taper were performed concurrently in a hospital setting to manage co-occurring opioid dependence (on chronic methadone maintenance therapy) and benzodiazepine dependence (prescribed alprazolam). The simultaneous management was well-tolerated and completed with minimal complications, successfully enabling candidacy for the patient's preferred disposition.

Dense-core vesicles contain exosomes in secretory cells.

Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are found in various types of cells, such as neurons, pancreatic β-cells, and chromaffin cells. These vesicles release transmitters, peptides, and hormones to regulate diverse functions, such as the stress response, immune response, behavior, and blood glucose levels. In traditional electron microscopy after chemical fixation, it is often reported that the dense cores occupy a portion of the vesicle towards the center and are surrounded by a clear halo.

The influence of interleukin-27 on metabolic fitness in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis.

Human neonates are predisposed to an increased risk of mortality from infection due to fundamental differences in the framework of innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in the adult population. As one key difference in neonates, an increase in the immunosuppressive cytokine, IL-27, is responsible for poor outcomes in a murine neonatal model of bacterial sepsis. In our model, the absence of IL-27 signaling during infection is associated with improved maintenance of body mass, increased bacterial clearance with reduced systemic inflammation, and decreased mortality rates that correlate to preservation of glucose homeostasis and insulin production.

Social Network Barriers to Extended-Release Naltrexone Within Rural Appalachia: Perspectives from Justice-Involved Clients and Clinicians.

Background: Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX, Vivitrol) is an effective, but underutilized, evidence-based treatment for people with opioid use disorder (POUD) who are incarcerated. Networks of family, friends, and clinicians serve as social influencers of health behaviors, including XR-NTX initiation, and are especially salient in Appalachia.

Objectives: Using a triangulation of perspectives, this study examined concordance between the social network themes that emerged from qualitative interviews with clinicians and POUD social network findings.

Community Implementation and Evaluation of the Chicago Parent Program.

The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the implementation of the Chicago Parent Program (CPP) in a community setting. Included are details of the co-designed implementation by academic and community partners, and parenting and child behavior outcomes. Two hundred eighty caregivers of children aged 2-5 years participated in the CPP in seven community sites.

Relationship between community characteristics and impact of calorie labeling on fast-food purchases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate potential sources of heterogeneity in the effect of calorie labeling on fast-food purchases among restaurants located in areas with different neighborhood characteristics.

Methods: In a quasi-experimental design, using transaction data from 2329 Taco Bell restaurants across the United States between 2008 and 2014, we estimated the relationships of census tract-level income, racial and ethnic composition, and urbanicity with the impacts of calorie labeling on calories purchased per transaction.

Results: Calorie labeling led to small, absolute reductions in calories purchased across all population subgroups, ranging between -9.

Nuance and specificity always matter-Especially for all the meanings of 'gender': A reply to Jackson and Bussey (2024).

Jackson and Bussey (The British Journal of Psychology, 2024, 115, 723) present the provocative argument that the concept of a "true gender" is not a useful conceptual object for psychology. While the article does make 2 valid and worthwhile points, the remainder of that article lacks necessary nuance in developing its general conclusion.

Cord blood for autologous transfusion in infants with congenital anomalies: Volumes, sterility, and stability during storage.

Background: Neonates with congenital anomalies frequently require perioperative allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Whole cord blood for autologous transfusion to neonates may provide an alternative RBC source, but whether sufficient volumes can be collected after delayed cord clamping to reduce allogeneic RBC requirements is unknown.

Study Design And Methods: Inclusion criteria were mothers delivering a viable infant >34 weeks' gestation.

"New Normal:" Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Syringe Service Programs Following the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Syringe services programs (SSPs) provide critical evidence-based public health services that decrease harms from drug use for people who use drugs (PWUD). Many SSPs have experienced significant and evolving COVID-19-related disruptions. We aimed to characterize the impacts of COVID-19 on SSP operations in the United States approximately two years into the pandemic.