Early markers of literacy and numeracy in Chinese children: The roles of counting and rapid automatized naming.

This study investigated the relationships between counting, Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN), and reading and arithmetic abilities in Chinese children at different developmental stages. Study 1 examined 51 kindergarteners (mean age 5.43 years) for character reading accuracy and arithmetic accuracy before formal schooling.

How norms-shifting interventions foster community-level social and behavior change: new insights from a synthesis of realist evaluations of community-level interventions.

Social norms, the informal rules that influence behavior, play essential roles in shaping people's behavior. Community-based norms-shifting interventions (NSIs) identify gender and other social norms linked to unhealthy behaviors and implement activities to promote collective change by encouraging communities to reflect on and question these norms. Though NSIs are gaining international traction in social and behavior change programming for health promotion, how change occurs needs to be clearly understood in African and other contexts.

Cross-titration from risperidone to clozapine utilizing clozapine serum concentrations: A case report.

Introduction: Clozapine and risperidone are second-generation antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia. There are no guidelines on cross-titration of antipsychotics and, additionally, there is a paucity of published data to support the potential utility of using serum drug levels to guide dosing in these situations.

Case Report: A 68-year-old female patient with a history of schizophrenia, taking risperidone and fluoxetine, and a recent diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was admitted to the hospital after a fall at home.

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients With Durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Background: GLP-1 RAs improve cardiometabolic outcomes in obese, diabetic, and heart failure patients. Data on the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RA in advanced heart failure with durable LVAD is limited.

Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of GLP-1 RA in durable LVAD patients.

Association between Sputum Culture Conversion and Body Mass Index among Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients in Punjab, Pakistan: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: The global challenge of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) presents a substantial public health concern, requiring extended and complex treatment regimens. Understanding the factors impacting treatment results, particularly sputum culture conversion and Body Mass Index (BMI), is crucial. This retrospective cohort investigation conducted in Punjab, Pakistan, sought to explore the correlation between BMI and sputum culture conversion in individuals diagnosed with MDR-TB.

Prestretching increases working space at the same insufflation pressure in dogs undergoing laparoscopic procedures.

Objective: To determine if prestretching (PS) of the abdominal wall provided improved working space during elective laparoscopic procedures in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Animals: Fifty client-owned dogs undergoing elective laparoscopic procedures.

TYK2:p.Pro1104Ala Variant Protects Against Autoimmunity by Modulating Immune Cell Levels.

The TYK2:p.Pro1104Ala (rs34536443) hypomorph variant has been associated with protection against numerous autoimmune disorders. Thus, its mechanism of action becomes of great interest.

Music moves: Ettlingen dementia study - a pragmatic randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Due to the limited effectiveness of pharmacological treatment, there is a growing need to explore non-pharmacological psychosocial interventions such as music therapy when treating the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).

Method: We randomised 57 nursing home residents into individual active music therapy plus standard care (aMT), individual receptive music therapy with tactile sound vibration plus standard care (rMT), or the standard care control group (CG). A trained music therapist provided 12 sessions over 6 weeks.

Coping with cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: a scoping review.

Objectives: This scoping review aims to map out the coping strategies among Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment (PwMCI) and Persons with Mild Dementia (PwMD), identifying the facilitators and the barriers to the use of the strategies.

Method: We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed studies in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Under the guidance of the Coping Circumflex Model, we identified coping strategies and then conducted thematic synthesis.

The Role of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Neonatal and Fetal Brain Research.

The biochemical composition and structure of the brain are in a rapid change during the exuberant stage of fetal and neonatal development. H-MRS is a noninvasive tool that can evaluate brain metabolites in healthy fetuses and infants as well as those with neurological diseases. This review aims to provide readers with an understanding of 1) the basic principles and technical considerations relevant to H-MRS in the fetal-neonatal brain and 2) the role of H-MRS in early fetal-neonatal development brain research.

Rashba effect originates from the reduction of point-group symmetries.

The Rashba effect in a nonmagnetic condensed-matter system is described by the reduction of point-group symmetries. The inversion, two-fold rotation, and reflection symmetries transforming the wavevector to - are identified as the origin of a degenerate state according to the time-reversal symmetry. The lack of these symmetries in a bulk system or the breaking of these in a surface system is then identified as the origin of a nondegenerate state.

Optimizing Feeding and Pupation Bioassays to Assess the Effects of Insecticidal and Repellent Treatments on Aethina tumida Larval Development and Pupation Success.

European honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are an ideal host to the invasive beetle Aethina tumida, providing a nutrient rich environment that is protected from the elements and facilitates beetle reproduction. Although various management techniques and chemical treatments for A. tumida have been developed, understanding the efficacy of these treatments and techniques is limited.

Occipital bone modeling patterns during the first years of life: A preliminary histological and quantitative approach.

Studies of modeling processes have provided important insights in human evolutionary discipline. Most of these studies are based on facial bones and in much lesser extent on other bones such as those from the cranial vault. Thus, this study fills a gap in research by examining occipital bone modeling in subadults, adding individuals under 2 years old and expanding the sample size available to date.

Moral conflict and moral distress in veterinarians: a mixed-methods approach.

Veterinary professionals are often confronted with moral conflicts from which moral distress can develop. Moral distress can lead to a cascade of deleterious processes and outcomes including emotional anguish, distress, reduced patient care, and attrition from both the workplace and workforce. The current study established a pilot measure for moral distress in Australian veterinary clinicians, as well as reporting additional sources of moral and ethical conflicts in veterinary practice.

Immersive Videography of Ancient DNA Extraction for Community Engagement and Educational Initiatives by the Anson Street African Burial Ground Project.

Objective: Community engagement is an increasingly important component of ancient DNA (aDNA) research, especially when it involves archeological individuals connected to contemporary descendants or other invested communities. However, effectively explaining methods to non-specialist audiences can be challenging due to the intricacies of aDNA laboratory work. To overcome this challenge, the Anson Street African Burial Ground (ASABG) Project employed a GoPro camera to visually document the process of aDNA extraction for use in community engagement and education events.

Capnographic monitoring using a novel mainstream system during endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background/purpose: Insufficient studies exist on capnography efficacy during endoscopic ultrasound or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and no definitive conclusions have been drawn. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a novel mainstream capnography using an over-the-biteblock end-tidal CO (EtCO) detector in decreasing the risk of hypoxemia during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Methods: Patients undergoing EUS or ERCP with conscious sedation at a single Japanese center were randomized to a control or a novel capnography monitored (intervention) group in a 1:1 ratio.

Biofeedback control of photosynthetic lighting using real-time monitoring of leaf chlorophyll fluorescence.

Optimizing photosynthetic lighting is essential for maximizing crop production and minimizing electricity costs in controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Traditional lighting methods often neglect the impact of environmental factors, crop type, and light acclimation on photosynthetic efficiency. To address this, a chlorophyll fluorescence-based biofeedback system was developed to adjust light-emitting diode (LED) intensity based on real-time plant responses, rather than using a fixed photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD).

Reprogramming of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Acute Leukemia.

Fatty acids are essential biomolecules that support several cellular processes, such as membrane structures, energy storage and production, as well as signal transduction. Accordingly, changes in fatty acid metabolism can have a significant impact on cell behavior, such as growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and motility. Therefore, it is not surprising that many aspects of fatty acid metabolism are frequently dysregulated in human cancer, including in highly aggressive blood cancers such as acute leukemia.

The infected diabetic foot: Risk factors for re-infection after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis.

Our objective was to evaluate risk factors for re-infection in patients after treatment for diabetic foot osteomyelitis (OM). We used pooled patient level data from two RTCs that evaluated patients with diabetic foot infections. We evaluated 171 patients with OM.

A Friendlier "Kinda" Social System: Male Kinda Baboons Invest in Long-Term Social Bonds With Females.

Objectives: Certain group-living mammals-including many primates-exhibit affiliative relationships between sexes that persist past copulation. Relationships between females and males in baboons (Papio sp.) are particularly well-characterized.

The effectiveness of harvest for limiting wildlife disease: Insights from 20 years of chronic wasting disease in Wyoming.

Effective, practical options for managing disease in wildlife populations are limited, especially after diseases become established. Removal strategies (e.g.

Topographic Analysis of the Periorbital Region Including Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Based on Ultrasonography Interpretation.

Objective: Ultrasonographic examination is easy, fast, safe, and used in various fields; however, its application to the facial area has been limited. Complex anatomical structures are mixed within thin, soft tissues in the facial region; therefore, understanding their structural characteristics is crucial. This study aimed to use ultrasonography to obtain information on the layered structure and soft tissue thickness of the eye area around the orbicularis oculi muscle and provide guidance for clinical practice.

Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers in children with overweight/obesity: The role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Objectives: To investigate the association of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) severity with cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers independently of the adiposity levels; and to explore the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in these associations in children with overweight/obesity.

Methods: A total of 109 children aged 8-11 years with overweight/obesity were included in this cross-sectional study. SDB was assessed using a scale of the reduce version of the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire.

Genetics, manifestations, and management of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

Purpose Of Review: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a devastating heritable channelopathy that can lead to sudden cardiac death in children and young adults. This review aims to explore genetics, the cardiac and extracardiac manifestations of mutations associated with CPVT, and the challenges involved with managing phenotypically variable variants.

Recent Findings: The understanding of the genetics and mechanisms of CPVT continues to grow with recent discoveries including alternative splicing of cardiac TRDN and calmodulin gene variants.

Methane Bubbled Through Seawater Can be Converted to Methanol With High Efficiency.

Partial oxidation of methane (POM) is achieved by forming air-methane microbubbles in saltwater to which an alternating electric field is applied using a copper oxide foam electrode. The solubility of methane is increased by putting it in contact with water containing dissolved KCl or NaCl (3%). Being fully dispersed as microbubbles (20-40 µm in diameter), methane reacts more fully with hydroxyl radicals (OH·) at the gas-water interface.