Early management of acute caustic ingestion in pediatrics.

This review is intended to provide an overview of currently available literature related to caustic ingestion in pediatric patients, including initial management considerations in symptomatic versus asymptomatic children, timing and necessity of endoscopic evaluations, and the use of various therapeutic interventions. Further, this review provides management considerations for children presenting for evaluation following caustic ingestion based on the best available evidence. Additional research is needed to develop conclusive pediatric guidelines that meet GRADE criteria for management of caustic ingestion in children.

Decoding in the Fourth Dimension: Classification of Temporal Patterns and Their Generalization Across Locations.

Neuroimaging research has increasingly used decoding techniques, in which multivariate statistical methods identify patterns in neural data that allow the classification of experimental conditions or participant groups. Typically, the features used for decoding are spatial in nature, including voxel patterns and electrode locations. However, the strength of many neurophysiological recording techniques such as electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography is in their rich temporal, rather than spatial, content.

Evidence of Involvement of the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Restless Legs Syndrome.

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensory-motor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs, often with unpleasant sensations, particularly during rest. Current treatments include iron supplementation, dopamine agonists, and opioids, but new therapeutic approaches are needed. The dysfunction of the A11 nucleus, which modulates dopaminergic transmission to the spinal cord, is thought to play a role in RLS pathophysiology.

Successful Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis With Apremilast in an Immunosuppressed Pediatric Patient on Concurrent Biologic Therapy.

Immunosuppressive medication may be indicated in patients with severe psoriasis refractory to other treatment modalities. There is a subset of patients, however, who are immunosuppressed at baseline and are not ideal candidates for these agents. Here we report the case of a 15-year-old girl on immunosuppressive medication for preexisting pancolitis and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis who had an excellent response to concurrent apremilast therapy for her previously refractory palmoplantar psoriasis.

Exploring the Impact of Non-Ablative Erbium Laser Therapy on Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis.

Objectives: To assess the effect of non-ablative Er:YAG laser therapy on the symptoms and microbiological conditions of women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC).

Materials And Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven women (mean age 34.1 ± 8.

Ultrasound Imaging Protocol for Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major in Overhead Athletes: A Comprehensive Approach.

Ultrasound imaging is vital for musculoskeletal assessment due to its real-time, high-resolution capabilities and safety. While protocols exist for rotator cuff evaluation, comprehensive guidelines for imaging the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscles are lacking. This article fills this gap by presenting a detailed ultrasound protocol for these muscles, essential for shoulder stability and movement in overhead athletes.

The effect of wildfire smoke on children's health: A systematic review.

Background: With wildfires increasing globally due to climate change, children may be more behaviourally exposed and more physiologically vulnerable to adverse health outcomes.

Objective: To complete a comprehensive investigation of epidemiological studies examining respiratory and non-respiratory impacts of wildfires to identify research gaps and inform decision-making to protect children's health.

Data Sources: The databases searched were PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar.

Male breast atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH): clinicopathological insights from a rare cohort.

Aims: Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) in male breast tissue is a rare condition with limited understanding. We aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of ADH in male patients, focusing on its prevalence, presentation, and associated factors.

Methods And Results: We analysed 40 cases of ADH from 1626 male breast cases encountered between 2013 and 2023.

Orbicularis Oculi Stimulated Jitter Analysis in Children With Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis.

Introduction/aims: Stimulated jitter analysis (stim-JA) involves analyzing the variation in time intervals between stimulations and action potentials, expressed as the mean consecutive difference (MCD). The MCD upper limits are derived from adult populations and warrant a re-evaluation in children to accurately diagnose neuromuscular junction (NMJ) defects.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted which analyzed orbicularis oculi stim-JA studies performed on children between January 2014 and December 2021.

Colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of two large cohorts and literature review confirm poor prognosis and reveal prognostic aspects.

Aims: We compiled two cohorts of colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) to describe its histologic and molecular aspects using modern parameters to compare them with literature reports using meta-analysis of cohorts and individual case series.

Methods And Results: We identified 53 colorectal ASC from 19 North American academic medical centres, in addition to national database reports on 94 Dutch cases. We analysed available clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features and patient outcome.

Elevated plasma testosterone concentrations from males on testosterone replacement therapy are mitigated with pathogen reduction technology.

Background: Donors on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may require frequent whole blood donation due to erythrocytosis, but FDA guidelines prevent the transfusion of plasma-based products from these donors. This study surveyed TRT donor testosterone levels in whole blood components and evaluated a possible mitigation strategy with a pathogen reduction technology using UVA light and compound adsorption device (CAD) steps.

Study Design And Methods: Whole blood from male TRT donors and controls were processed into red blood cells and plasma components.

The gut microbiome is associated with disease-free survival in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second overall leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with recurrence being a frequent cause of mortality. Approaches to improve disease-free survival (DFS) are urgently needed. The gut microbiome, reflected in fecal samples, is likely mechanistically linked to CRC progression and may serve as a non-invasive biomarker.

Parents' prohibitions of peer relationships: why do they undermine social adjustment? A commentary on Kaniusonyte and Laursen (2024).

Kaniusonyte and Laursen (2024) make an important contribution to our understanding of parental prohibitions of peer relationships and their relationship to other aspects of adolescent social functioning. This commentary develops several possible extensions to this interesting line of research with a goal of more specifically identifying the mechanisms that account for the relationships between prohibitions and adolescents' peer adjustment. Future investigations can build on this research by considering the role of conflict between parents and adolescents as a potential mediator or moderator in the process of prohibiting and considering the meaning of restrictive peer access to adolescents' peers across the developmental period.

Predictors of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease in Pediatric Patients.

Objective: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a complication of pediatric solid organ transplantation. Benign adenotonsillar lymphoid hyperplasia confounds the ability to diagnose PTLD. Our aim was to identify factors that predict the presence of PTLD to inform decision-making regarding adenotonsillectomy.

Punishment and dynamic choice: Assessment of the direct-suppression model.

The effects of punishment rate on response allocation were investigated using a choice procedure where relative reinforcement rates changed rapidly within session. Predictions from a modified version of the direct-suppression model were tested in two separate experiments. In both experiments, sessions were composed of seven unsignaled components, each programming a different reinforcement ratio.

Dental Care Use Among Children and Adolescents in Medicaid: Associations With State-Level Medicaid Policy Factors and Provider Availability.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relative strength of association of four state-level factors-Medicaid reimbursement, Medicaid adult dental benefit (MADB) generosity, dentist Medicaid participation, and dentist supply-on individual-level dental care use among children and adolescents in Medicaid.

Methods: This national cross-sectional study used 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health data to estimate dental care utilization among children aged 1-17 enrolled in Medicaid. Subgroup analyses were conducted by child age group.

A spleen is required for antibody mediated immune enhancement but not for RBC clearance or antigen-modulation in mice.

Background: IgG against alloantigens on transfused RBC can lead to antibody-mediated immune enhancement (AMIE). AMIE has properties not found in other forms of alloimmunization, including rapid clearance of RBCs, a requirement for Fc-gamma receptors on dendritic cells, and no dependence on IFNAR. A spleen is required for alloimmunization to transfused RBCs under normal conditions but its role in AMIE has not been assessed.

Pandanus plastomes decoded: When climate mirrors morphology and phylogenetic relationships.

Premise: Pandanus Parkinson (Pandanaceae) is a large genus of paleotropical tree-like monocots. Previous studies using small DNA regions questioned the monophyly of the seven Pandanus subgenera, but low phylogenetic branch support hindered further investigations. We aimed to (1) test Pandanus subgeneric monophyly, (2) identify clade morphological synapomorphies, (3) investigate correlations between leaf anatomy of water storage tissue and climatic differentiation across clades, and (4) construct hypotheses on the genus' spatiotemporal history.

Updating STEADI for Primary Care: Recommendations From the American Geriatrics Society Workgroup.

In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released STEADI (Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths and Injuries) toolkit which is based on the 2011 American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society (AGS/BGS) fall prevention guideline. In 2024, the National Network of Public Health Institutes (NNPHI), via a Cooperative Award with the CDC of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), invited AGS to recommend updates to STEADI with a focus on falls prevention in primary care. An AGS workgroup reviewed the 2022/2024 publications and held three outreach events with stakeholders (448 participants) to get feedback on current STEADI materials and draft recommendations focused on primary care.

Clinical Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions with Obeldesivir, an Orally Administered Antiviral Agent.

Obeldesivir is an oral nucleoside analog prodrug inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and other viral polymerases. Here, two Phase I studies evaluated potential drug-drug interactions between obeldesivir and substrates or inhibitors of cytochrome P450 and drug transporters in healthy participants. When obeldesivir was tested as a precipitant, pharmacokinetic parameter point estimates for midazolam (CYP3A4 inhibition/induction), caffeine (CYP1A2 inhibition), and metformin (organic cation transporter 1 inhibition) exposures were within 80-125% no-effect bounds representing the interval within which a systemic exposure change does not warrant clinical action based on EMA/FDA guidance.