Temporally and Spatially Controlled Age-Related Prostate Cancer Model in Mice.

The initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa) are associated with aging. In the history of age-related PCa research, mice have become a more popular animal model option than any other species due to their short lifespan and rapid reproduction. However, PCa in mice is usually induced at a relatively young age, while it spontaneously develops in humans at an older age.

Cryopreservation Method for Preventing Freeze-Fracture of Small Muscle Samples.

Histological techniques to study muscle are crucial for assessing skeletal muscle health. To preserve tissue morphology, samples are usually fixed in formaldehyde or cryopreserved immediately after excision from the body. Freezing samples in liquid nitrogen, using isopentane as a mediator for efficient cooling, preserves the tissue in its natural state.

Microfluidic Cultures of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons for Assessing Retrograde Cell Death by Live Imaging.

Neurons are highly polarized cells, with axons that may innervate distant target regions. In the brain, basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) possess extensive axons that project to several target regions such as the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, and may be exposed to a specific microenvironment in their axon targets that may have retrograde effects on neuronal health. Interestingly, BFCNs express the pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR throughout life while also concomitantly co-expressing all Trk receptors, making them capable of responding to both mature and precursor neurotrophins to promote survival or apoptosis, respectively.

Optimizing Printability of Rice Protein-Based Formulations Using Extrusion-Based 3D Food Printing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of an innovative extrusion-based 3D food printing (3DFOODP) technique in developing rice protein-starch (RP-S) gel-based products. The effects of 3DFOODP conditions were examined, which included variations in the concentrations of rice protein (RP) and corn starch (S) (15, 17.5, and 20 wt.

Exploring the Anticancer Effect of on Colorectal Cancer: Insights From Eight Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and deadly disease, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. Traditional chemotherapy often encounters drug resistance and adverse side effects, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. , a plant rich in phytochemical constituents, was investigated for its potential as an anticancer agent against colorectal cancer (CRC).

A Prototype Process for Demulsification of Waste Ice Cream.

Recovery of the butterfat in waste ice cream may be an opportunity to mitigate food and economic loss. Previous efforts to recover such fat have succeeded in producing a fat-enriched fraction but have not succeeded in demulsifying the fat. In the present study, a method involving a sequence of emulsion-breaking steps is shown to be effective for releasing a majority of the fat from waste ice cream as free, unemulsified oil.

From Soil to Salad: Strategies for Reducing Foodborne Illness Outbreaks.

This study addresses the global issue of foodborne illness, specifically focusing on those resulting from the consumption of leafy green vegetables. It explores the rising trend of consuming minimally processed or raw foods and the imperative of maintaining safety standards starting at the preharvest stage to prevent pathogenic bacterial contamination. The study identifies soil and irrigation water as key sources of pathogens and emphasizes the need for strict preventive measures during production and preharvest.

Assessing the Role of Incubation Temperature as a Barrier to Successful Establishment of Coho Salmon () in a Rapidly Warming Arctic.

Warming associated with climate change is driving poleward shifts in the marine habitat of anadromous Pacific salmon ( spp.). Yet the spawning locations for salmon to establish self-sustaining populations and the consequences for the ecosystem if they should do so are unclear.

Symbiont Community Changes Confer Fitness Benefits for Larvae in a Vertically Transmitting Coral.

Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing ocean temperatures because of the sensitivity of the coral-algal symbiosis to thermal stress. Reef-building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae), including those species which acquire their initial symbiont complement predominately from their parents. Changes in the composition of symbiont communities, through the mechanisms of symbiont shuffling or switching, can modulate the host's thermal limits.

Lengths of Stay and Stopover Strategies of Western Sandpipers During Migration at Two Sites in British Columbia, Canada.

An accurate estimate of length of stay is necessary to derive passage population size for birds using a migration stopover site. In this study, we used VHF tags and a Motus automated telemetry array to estimate the length of stay of 385 Western Sandpipers () migrating through two stopover sites in British Columbia, Canada (Tofino and Fraser River Estuary) over the course of seven migration periods (three northward and four southward) from 2018 to 2021. The average length of stay of Western Sandpipers at the Tofino site on the west coast of Vancouver Island varied from 2 to 6 days and was shorter than the length of stay at the Fraser River Estuary, where the average length of stay varied from 4 to 8 days.

Extensive Admixture Among Karst-Obligate Salamanders Reveals Evidence of Recent Divergence and Gene Exchange Through Aquifers.

Karst ecosystems often contain extraordinary biodiversity, but the complex underground aquifers of karst regions present challenges for assessing and conserving stygobiont diversity and investigating their evolutionary history. We examined the karst-obligate salamanders of the species complex in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas using population genomics data to address questions about population connectivity and the potential for gene exchange within the underlying aquifer system. The species complex has historically been divided into three nominal species, but their status, and spatial extent of species ranges, have remained uncertain.

Combining Individual-Based Radio-Tracking With Whole-Genome Sequencing Data Reveals Candidate for Genetic Basis of Partial Migration in a Songbird.

Partial migration is a phenomenon where migratory and resident individuals of the same species co-exist within a population, and has been linked to both intrinsic (e.g., genetic) as well as environmental factors.

Remotely-Sensed Game Trails Are a Behavioral Footprint That Explains Patterns of Herbivore Habitat Use.

Trade-offs between food acquisition and predator avoidance shape the landscape-scale movements of herbivores. These movements create landscape features, such as game trails, which are paths that animals use repeatedly to traverse the landscape. As such, these trails integrate behavioral trade-offs over space and time.

Anomalous Right Coronary Artery: Culprit or Innocent Bystander?

Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is a rare congenital heart defect. The detection of anomalous coronary arteries is likely to increase with increased availability and application of cardiac computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Once detected, the recommendation for surgical intervention on anomalous coronary arteries depends upon patient symptoms, the presence or absence of inducible ischemia on stress imaging, and high-risk anatomic features.

Describing Sacrocolpopexy in Medical Literature: A Proposed Surgical Classification System.

Background: Sacrocolpopexy has become a favored treatment of pelvic organ prolapse due to its durability and efficacy. Sacrocolpopexy has not been standardized and there is no categorization scheme to facilitate communication or research efforts for the procedure. A systematic review was conducted to facilitate construction of a classification system for sacrocolpopexy based on extent of vaginal dissection described in the medical literature.

Profiles and predictors of child neurodevelopment and anthropometry: The maternal-infant research on environmental chemicals study.

Background: Evaluating individual health outcomes does not capture co-morbidities children experience.

Purpose: We aimed to describe profiles of child neurodevelopment and anthropometry and identify their predictors.

Methods: Using data from 501 mother-child pairs (age 3-years) in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study, a prospective cohort study, we developed phenotypic profiles by applying latent profile analysis to twelve neurodevelopmental and anthropometric traits.

The Association Between Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Microscopic Colitis: A Systematic Review.

The association between primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and microscopic colitis (MC) has been explored in limited studies, suggesting potential shared pathophysiological mechanisms. This systematic review aimed to investigate this relationship by analyzing studies identified through comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two studies met the inclusion criteria: a case series of 12 patients and a case report, collectively analyzing 13 cases.

Localizing and Tailoring the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare to Optimize Fit.

Introduction Debriefing in healthcare simulation is helpful in reinforcing learning objectives, closing performance gaps, and improving future practice and patient care. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) is a validated tool. However, localized rater training for the DASH has not been described.

Hypothermia, Hallucinations, and Atrial Fibrillation Secondary to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in adults, constituting a significant portion of global incidence rates. DLBCL can be further classified via genetic expression profiling into molecular subsets consisting of not-otherwise specified (NOS) subset being the most prevalent, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) subset, and activated B-cell-like (ABC) subset. The ABC subset, marked by abnormal NF-κB signaling, is associated with poorer outcomes.

Tissue Is the Issue: The Diagnosis of Butterfly Brain Lesions.

The corpus callosum can reveal a "butterfly" pattern on imaging in various conditions, including glioblastoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, tumefactive multiple sclerosis, and toxoplasmosis. Early differentiation among these conditions is crucial to avoid aggressive treatments. In one case, a 70-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis experienced a neurological decline.

Optimal Dosage of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in Patients With Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Scoping Review.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a healthcare burden affecting over 595 million people worldwide. Recently, intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections from the patient's blood have shown promise in slowing KOA progression due to platelets' regenerative properties. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal dosing and schedule for PRP therapy in managing mild to moderate KOA.

Exploring Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Managing Hypertension During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to explore the efficacy of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in managing hypertension during pregnancy. It analyzed high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs), focusing on outcomes related to maternal and fetal health. The findings demonstrated that antihypertensive medications, particularly labetalol and nifedipine, effectively reduced the risks of severe preeclampsia (PE), preterm birth, and other complications.

NephroCheck as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

Background Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) remains a significant complication following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), affecting 22%-30% of patients. This study evaluates the efficacy of NephroCheck, a biomarker-based test measuring insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP2), in predicting postoperative AKI. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study, 21 patients undergoing isolated CABG were analyzed.

Analysis of Analgesics and Adjuvant Medications on Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome 1.

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by severe, disproportionate pain relative to an inciting event. The disorder's pathophysiology is complex, involving both central and peripheral nervous system alterations, alongside genetic, inflammatory, and psychological factors. Using data from TriNetX, this study investigated the impact of analgesic and adjuvant therapies on psychiatric outcomes in CRPS patients.

Colonic Derotation Revisited: The "Deloyers Procedure" for Long-Segment Hirschsprung Disease.

Long-segment Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) presents significant challenges in surgical management, often requiring extensive bowel mobilization and creative techniques to achieve tension-free anastomosis. Colonic derotation offers a viable solution for preserving bowel length and maintaining the ileocecal valve, which is crucial for postoperative bowel function. The procedure involves extensive colonic mobilization and strategic vascular divisions of the right and middle colic vessels while preserving the ileocolic and marginal arteries, followed by a 180° counterclockwise rotation of the colon around the ileocolic vascular axis.