Comparison of 12- to 24-Hour Versus 72-Hour Intravenous Terlipressin in Patients With Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To compare the efficacy and safety of 12-24 hours versus 72 hours of intravenous terlipressin therapy in patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding (AVB). A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, VHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published up to February 24, 2024.

Characterizing the pan-cancer role of exosomal miRNAs in metastasis across cancers.

Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) play a critical role in intercellular communication, especially in cancer, where they regulate key cellular processes like proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, highlighting their significance as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Here, we aimed to characterize the role of exomiRs, derived from seven cancer types (four cell lines and three tumors), in influencing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN). In each cancer type we extracted high confidence exomiRs (LogFC >= 2 in exosomes relative to control), their experimentally validated targets, and the enriched pathways among those targets.

Neuroenhancement by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on DLPFC in healthy adults.

The term "neuroenhancement" describes the enhancement of cognitive function associated with deficiencies resulting from a specific condition. Nevertheless, there is currently no agreed-upon definition for the term "neuroenhancement", and its meaning can change based on the specific research being discussed. As humans, our continual pursuit of expanding our capabilities, encompassing both cognitive and motor skills, has led us to explore various tools.

Neurocognitive Markers during Maximum Alcohol Use in Late Adolescence as Predictors of Change in Later Drinking Behaviors.

Background: The influence of alcohol use on later neurocognitive functioning is well researched, yet few studies have investigated whether neurocognition post-drinking initiation in adolescence predicts changes in later alcohol use.

Objective: Investigate neurocognitive task performance during maximum alcohol use in late adolescence as predictors of drinking behaviors 3-7 years later.

Methods: Analyses () were conducted on a longitudinal dataset involving adolescents (12-13 years-old) who were followed for 16 years.

Neuroevolution gives rise to more focused information transfer compared to backpropagation in recurrent neural networks.

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are one of the most promising tools in the quest to develop general artificial intelligence. Their design was inspired by how neurons in natural brains connect and process, the only other substrate to harbor intelligence. Compared to biological brains that are sparsely connected and that form sparsely distributed representations, ANNs instead process information by connecting all nodes of one layer to all nodes of the next.

Evolutionary patterns of the SSU rRNA (V4 region) secondary structure in genus (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea): insights into cryptic species and primitive traits.

The genus , a group of ciliated protists, has attracted attention as a model organism due to its widespread distribution and ease of cultivation. This study examines the evolutionary patterns of the SSU rRNA secondary structure within this genus, aiming to elucidate its role in supporting evolutionary relationships and uncovering cryptic species. By predicting the secondary structure of SSU rRNA and applying the CBC (Compensatory Base Change) concept analysis, we examined 69 species of the genus , with 57 SSU rRNA gene sequences retrieved from GenBank and 12 newly sequenced specimens from South Korea.

Re-evaluation of mastodon material from Oregon and Washington, USA, Alberta, Canada, and Hidalgo and Jalisco, Mexico.

The presence of at least two contemporaneous Pleistocene mastodon taxa in North America ( and ) invites re-examination of specimens at the geographic margins of each species in order to determine range boundaries, overlaps, and fluctuations. Third molars from Oregon in the United States, as well as from Hidalgo and Jalisco in Mexico, were found to be morphologically consistent with . Washington in the United States includes a number of specimens that could not be confidently assigned to either taxon.

The anomalous state of Uranus's magnetosphere during the Voyager 2 flyby.

The Voyager 2 flyby of Uranus in 1986 revealed an unusually oblique and off-centred magnetic field. This single in situ measurement has been the basis of our interpretation of Uranus's magnetosphere as the canonical extreme magnetosphere of the solar system; with inexplicably intense electron radiation belts and a severely plasma-depleted magnetosphere. However, the role of external forcing by the solar wind has rarely been considered in explaining these observations.

Observation of super-Alfvénic slippage of reconnecting magnetic field lines on the Sun.

Slipping motions of magnetic field lines are a distinct signature of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection, a fundamental process driving solar and stellar flares. While being a key prediction of numerical experiments, the rapid super-Alfvénic field line slippage driven by the 'slip-running' reconnection has remained elusive in previous observations. New frontiers into exploring transient flare phenomena were introduced by recently designed high cadence observing programs of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

A luminous and young galaxy at = 12.33 revealed by a JWST/MIRI detection of Hα and [O iii].

The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a surprising population of bright galaxies in the very early Universe (≲500 Myr after the Big Bang) that is hard to explain with conventional galaxy-formation models and whose physical properties are not fully understood. Insight into their internal physics is best captured through nebular lines, but at these early epochs, the brightest of these spectral features are redshifted into the mid-infrared and remain elusive. Using the mid-infrared instrument onboard the James Webb Space Telescope, here we present a detection of Hα and doubly ionized oxygen ([O iii] 4959,5007 Å) from the bright, ultra-high-redshift galaxy candidate GHZ2/GLASS-z12.

Multiwavelength constraints on the origin of a nearby repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster.

The precise origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remain unknown. Multiwavelength observations of nearby FRB sources can provide important insights into the enigmatic FRB phenomenon. Here we present results from a sensitive, broadband X-ray and radio observational campaign of FRB 20200120E, the closest known extragalactic repeating FRB source (located 3.

Defining quantum games.

In this research article, we survey existing quantum physics-related games and, based on this survey, propose a definition for the concept of quantum games. We define a quantum game as any type of rule-based game that either employs the principles of quantum physics or references quantum phenomena or the theory of quantum physics through any of three proposed dimensions: the perceivable dimension of quantum physics, the dimension of quantum technologies, and the dimension of scientific purposes, such as citizen science or education. We also discuss the concept of quantum computer games, which are games on quantum computers, as well as definitions for the concept of science games.

Limited health literacy in shoulder and elbow patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate health literacy in orthopedic shoulder and elbow patients.

Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all new English-speaking adult patients presenting to two fellowship-trained shoulder and elbow surgeons from October 2020-July 2021. Patients who did not complete the Brief Health Literacy Screen Tool (BRIEF) were excluded, leaving 594 patients.

Patient-specific mini-open subpectoral long head of the biceps tenodesis with anatomic tensioning: A surgical technique.

Long head of the biceps tendon pathology is a well-described proximal shoulder pain generator. While optimal treatment strategy remains controversial, popular operative management includes biceps tenodesis. However, appropriate restoration of the anatomic length-tension relationship of the biceps with tenodesis remains a challenge.

Outcomes after revision surgery for glenoid baseplate failure in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study was to report clinical outcomes in patients who underwent revision surgery for glenoid baseplate failure after index reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients from 2010 to 2020 at a single institution who sustained glenoid baseplate failure after RSA and underwent revision surgery. Exclusion criteria included periprosthetic joint infection or lack of minimum 1 year clinical and radiographic follow-up.

Sleep alterations following elective shoulder surgery: A systematic review.

Background: Poor sleep quality due to nocturnal pain is increasingly reported as a major symptom in several shoulder pathologies. Sleep disturbance has been reported in up to 89% after rotator cuff tears and is frequently reported as the primary reason for referring patients to surgery. As a result, it is important to understand the impact of shoulder surgery on a patient's sleep quality.

Medical malpractice litigation following humeral fractures in the United States.

Background: The purpose of this study is to characterize malpractice claims against orthopedic surgeons treating humeral fractures and determine factors associated with plaintiff verdicts and settlements.

Methods: The Westlaw legal database was queried for all cases involving humeral fractures. Patient demographics, causes cited for litigation, case outcomes, and indemnity payments were collected to determine common factors that lead plaintiffs to pursue legal action.

Sympathetic innervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue is not a predominant mediator of Oxytocin (OT)-elicited reductions of body weight gain and adiposity in male diet-induced obese rats.

Recent studies indicate that central administration of oxytocin (OT) reduces body weight (BW) in high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rodents by reducing energy intake and increasing energy expenditure (EE). Previous studies in our lab have shown that administration of OT into the fourth ventricle (4V; hindbrain) elicits weight loss and stimulates interscapular brown adipose tissue temperature (T) in DIO rats. We hypothesized that OT-elicited stimulation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation of IBAT contributes to its ability to activate BAT and reduce BW in DIO rats.

An Overview of Adult Acute Traumatic Neurologic Injury for the Anesthesiologist: .

Purpose Of Review: We examine what is known, what is new, and what is emerging in acute neurotrauma relevant to the anesthesiologist.

Recent Findings: Timely and goal-directed care is critical for all patients requiring urgent/emergent anesthesia care. Anesthesia care for acute neurological injury should incorporate understanding the evolution of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury that translates to preoperative preparation, hemodynamic resuscitation, prevention of second insults, and safe transport between care settings.

A Case of Cavitary Lung Metastasis From Prostate Cancer.

A 79-year-old man was found to have multiple nodules in the lung fields on chest computed tomography. Metastatic lung cancer was suspected; however, the primary site remained elusive. After 1 year of follow-up, both the nodules had enlarged.

Bayesian Analysis of Exponential Random Graph Models Using Stochastic Gradient Markov Chain Monte Carlo.

The exponential random graph model (ERGM) is a popular model for social networks, which is known to have an intractable likelihood function. Sampling from the posterior for such a model is a long-standing problem in statistical research. We analyze the performance of the stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) algorithm (also known as noisy Longevin Monte Carlo) in tackling this problem, where the stochastic gradient is calculated via running a short Markov chain (the so-called inner Markov chain in this paper) at each iteration.

Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae).

Genomic analysis of Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809) with an emphasis on the tribes Achlyodini Burmeister, 1878 and Carcharodini Verity, 1940 reveals many inconsistencies between the resulting phylogeny and the current classification. These problems are corrected by proposing new taxa, changing the ranks of others, or synonymizing them, and transferring species between genera. As a result, five subtribes, one genus, 20 subgenera, and one species are proposed as new: Cyclosemiina Grishin, (type genus Mabille, 1878), Ilianina Grishin, (type genus E.

A wireless sensor network for coal mine safety powered by modified localization algorithm.

Coal mining industry is one of the main source for economy of every nations, whereas safety in the underground coal mining area is still doubtful. According to some reports, there is heavy loss of life and money due to the occasional accidents in the coal mining area. Some existing researchers has been addressed this issue and approached their method.

Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms in women with pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: While electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants are standard treatments for depressed pregnant women, they are not without threats. The objective of this study was to quantitative synthesis of the literature regarding the effect of yoga interventions on depressive symptoms in pregnant women.

Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched for primary studies with pregnant women with depression measured as outcomes and written in English.

Clusterin induced by OPC phagocytosis blocks IL-9 secretion to inhibit myelination in a model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Variants in the gene have been identified as a risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease and are linked to decreased white matter integrity in healthy adults. However, the specific role for clusterin in myelin maintenance in the context of Alzheimer's disease remains unclear.

Methods: We employed a combination of immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy techniques, primary culture of OPCs, and an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.