Outcomes of Patients With Treated Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A High-Risk Subtype That Warrants an Independent Prognostic Designation.

Patients who develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after having received treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or related conditions have particularly poor outcomes. This study analyzed adult patients with newly diagnosed AML who previously had MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), or MDS/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) overlap syndrome, and who had received hypomethylating agents, chemotherapy, and/or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for these antecedent disorders. From January 2012 to August 2023, we included 673 patients with a median age of 70 years (range, 19-94); 536 (80%) had transformed from MDS, and the remainder from CMML or MDS-MPN.

Characteristics and management of eosinophilic esophagitis in Australasian children: a decade of experience.

Background: The frequency of EoE has been increasing in Northern Hemisphere cohorts, yet there is a scarcity of data in our region. Regional climatic factors, and lifestyle habits may influence the presentation of EoE, and appropriate management is crucial to prevent complications. WIth this is mind we undertook the first comprehensive multisite study of EoE in Australasian children.

Global network control from local information.

In the classical control of network systems, the control actions on a node are determined as a function of the states of all nodes in the network. Motivated by applications where the global state cannot be reconstructed in real time due to limitations in the collection, communication, and processing of data, here we introduce a control approach in which the control actions can be computed as a function of the states of the nodes within a limited state information neighborhood. The trade-off between the control performance and the size of this neighborhood is primarily determined by the condition number of the controllability Gramian.

How neural networks work: Unraveling the mystery of randomized neural networks for functions and chaotic dynamical systems.

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proven to be fantastic at a wide range of machine learning tasks, and they have certainly come into their own in all sorts of technologies that are widely consumed today in society as a whole. A basic task of machine learning that neural networks are well suited to is supervised learning, including when learning orbits from time samples of dynamical systems. The usual construct in ANN is to fully train all of the perhaps many millions of parameters that define the network architecture.

A Multisite, 6-Month, Open-Label Study of Maintenance Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Adolescents with Treatment-Resistant Depression.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the durability of TMS-related improvement in adolescents is unclear. This 6-month study followed adolescents with TRD who had responded to TMS and provided TMS retreatment for adolescents with a partial relapse.

Safety of current treatments for advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Introduction: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) originates from the biliary epithelium of the small ducts within the liver (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, IHCC), the main ducts of the hilum (extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, EHCC), or in the gallbladder (gallbladder cancer, GC). Due to presentation with nonspecific symptoms as well as absence of screening, most patients present with advanced disease and unfavorable prognosis.

Areas Covered: The ABC-02 trial established the current first-line chemotherapy with gemcitabine/platinum for advanced BTC in 2010.

A Modern Education Theory Approach to Development of a Benchtop Simulation Model for Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy.

To develop and validate a high-fidelity, nonbiohazardous simulator model for the ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedure. We employed a systematic framework based on Delphi consensus and modern education theory to design a simulation model. Twelve expert surgeons provided input through a hierarchal task analysis and identified procedural tasks, anatomical landmarks, and potential errors.

Ubiquitin-mediated recruitment of the ATG9A-ATG2 lipid transfer complex drives clearance of phosphorylated p62 aggregates.

Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced non-selective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress.

"Who Has the Relationship?": Caring for a Shared Population of Children with Medical Complexity.

Many academic pediatric centers care for children with medical complexity (CMC) through established complex care and palliative care programs. There are little prior data investigating best practices for collaboration between these two subspecialties in caring for CMC. The aim of this study is to explore the distinct and overlapping roles and responsibilities of pediatric complex care and palliative care teams as identified by providers when caring for a shared population of CMC and their families.

Charting the course: a scoping review on telehealth research trends in Australia.

This review of telehealth research describes the landscape of Australian digital health and telehealth research from 1999 to 2022, focusing on outlining past, present and future trends. A scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA extension for scoping reviews framework, which identified 495 primary research studies of digital or telehealth interventions aimed at improving health outcomes. Data were charted according to technological modality, health focus, professional representation, participant location, year and size.

Trends in Black-White Disparities in HIV Diagnosis by Selected Characteristics, 2017‒2021-United States.

Objective(s): To identify trends in HIV diagnosis disparities among subpopulations of Black/African American and White persons by selected characteristics (i.e., sex assigned at birth, age group, and region of residence) in the United States during 2017‒2021.

DREAMM-11, Part 2: Japanese phase I trial of belantamab mafodotin combination therapies in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.

DREAMM-11 (NCT03828292) was a Phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study of belantamab mafodotin in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In Part 1, belantamab mafodotin monotherapy (2.5 or 3.

Patient-Reported Outcomes of Visual Disturbances with a Trifocal Intraocular Lens: A Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) provide good vision at distance, intermediate, and near, but can also cause positive dysphotopsias. This meta-analysis pooled published evidence on visual disturbances after bilateral implantation of the PanOptix (TFNTXX) IOL for patients undergoing cataract surgery.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and congress presentations from April 2021 to December 2022 to identify studies with patient-reported outcomes on the incidence of visual disturbances (starbursts, halos, glare) post bilateral implantation of PanOptix IOL during cataract surgery.

Embedded Ethics in Practice: A Toolbox for Integrating the Analysis of Ethical and Social Issues into Healthcare AI Research.

Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into critical domains such as healthcare holds immense promise. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be addressed to avoid harm, promote the well-being of individuals and societies, and ensure ethically sound and socially just technology development. Innovative approaches like Embedded Ethics, which refers to integrating ethics and social science into technology development based on interdisciplinary collaboration, are emerging to address issues of bias, transparency, misrepresentation, and more.

Clarifying thresholds for defining levels of physical function and pain interference using bookmarking in orthopaedics.

Purpose: Bookmarking is a qualitative method used to assign descriptive labels to ranges of patient-reported outcome (PROM) scores. We aimed to evaluate variability between bookmarking samples and test score ranges where there was variability in expert opinion in previous studies.

Methods: We conducted two bookmarking sessions with patients who experienced orthopaedic fractures (n = 11) and one session with orthopaedic clinicians (n = 10).

In vitro and ex vivo evaluation of preclinical models for FAP-targeted theranostics: differences and relevance for radiotracer evaluation.

Background: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an attractive target for cancer theranostics. Although FAP-targeted nuclear imaging demonstrated promising clinical results, only sub-optimal results are reported for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Preclinical research is crucial in selecting promising FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals and for obtaining an increased understanding of factors essential for FAP-TRT improvement.

The Structure, Function, and Adaptation of Lower-Limb Aponeuroses: Implications for Myo-Aponeurotic Injury.

The aponeurosis is a large fibrous connective tissue structure within and surrounding skeletal muscle and is a critical component of the muscle-tendon unit (MTU). Due to the lack of consensus on terminology and the heterogeneous nature of the aponeurosis between MTUs, there are several questions that remain unanswered. For example, the aponeurosis is often conflated with the free tendon rather than being considered an independent structure.

Transvaginal ovarian drilling for polycystic ovary syndrome prior to in vitro fertilization dramatically improves embryo yield, implantation, and ongoing pregnancy rates.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of transvaginal ovarian drilling (TVOD) on IVF outcomes in subjects with clomiphene-resistant PCOS and a history of IVF failure.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, 19 subjects with sonographically PCOS and a history of failure to ovulate to high-dose clomiphene citrate were prospectively followed and underwent TVOD at a university hospital-based IVF program.

Results: In 15 subjects who underwent 30 fresh paired IVF cycles TVOD resulted in a significantly higher number of oocytes retrieved (7.

Comprehension of the adapted Urticaria Activity Score measure and patient guidance document: qualitative interviews with adults and adolescents with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Objective: A key component of determining that a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure is fit-for-purpose is to ensure that respondents understand its instructions and items. Any modification to a measure should be evaluated for relevance and understandability. The objective of the study was to assess comprehension of the adapted Urticaria Activity Score (UAS) questionnaire among adolescents aged populations with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and the modification to UAS question 2 to include patient-friendly terminology "wheals (hives).

Comparative Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents a significant global health concern, affecting a substantial portion of the population, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.

Aim: This review aims to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to antihypertensive medications in managing OSA-related hypertension.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding studies published from 2000 to March 2024 that investigated CPAP, antihypertensives, or their combination therapy in OSA patients.