Advances in dietary polyphenols: Regulation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via bile acid metabolism and the gut-brain axis.

Dietary polyphenols represent a diverse group of plant-derived compounds known for their extensive biological activities, offering significant promise in the prevention and treatment of various chronic illnesses. Despite their potential, advancements in their research have been curtailed by challenges in structural analysis and limitations in existing research models. This review marks a pioneering exploration into how bile acids, gut microbiota, and the gut-brain axis serve as conduits through which dietary polyphenols can exert therapeutic effects on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Rewiring cancer: 3D genome determinants of cancer hallmarks.

In modern cancer biology, Hanahan and Weinberg's classic depiction of the Hallmarks of Cancer serves as a heuristic for understanding malignant phenotypes [1]. Genetic determinants of these phenotypes promote cancer induction and progression, and these mutations drive current approaches to understanding and treating cancer. Meanwhile, for over a century, pathologists have noted that profound alterations of nuclear structure accompany transformation, integrating these changes into diagnostic classifications (Figure 1).

Recipes and ingredients for deep learning models of 3D genome folding.

Three-dimensional genome folding plays roles in gene regulation and disease. In this review, we compare and contrast recent deep learning models for predicting genome contact maps. We survey preprocessing, architecture, training, evaluation, and interpretation methods, highlighting the capabilities and limitations of different models.

Health insurance expansion and academic production: The case of Medicare Part D legislation.

Understanding how market demand influences academic research is crucial for comprehending the innovation process and informing policy decisions. This study examines the impact of the 2003 Medicare Part D legislation on biomedical journal article production across diseases. Using a difference-in-differences framework, together with a sample of over 2 million original research articles published between 1987 and 2015 sourced from PubMed database, I find a relatively 18.

Breast ultrasound imaging systems performance evaluation using novel Contrast-Detail (C-D) and Anechoic-Target (A-T) phantoms.

Unlabelled: Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in the early detection and management of breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the imaging performance of a range of clinically-used breast ultrasound systems using a set of novel spherical lesion contrast-detail (C-D) and anechoic-target (A-T) phantoms.

Methods: C-D and A-T phantoms were imaged using a range of clinical breast ultrasound systems and imaging modes.

Inequality in COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and uptake: A repeated cross-sectional analysis of COVID vaccine acceptance and uptake in 13 countries.

Background COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was a key barrier to ending the pandemic via mass immunisation. Objectives Assess magnitudes and differences in socioeconomic inequality in stated COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (hesitancy) and uptake. Methods Online surveys were conducted in 13 countries, collecting data from 15,337 and 18,189 respondents respectively.

Binding a C-appended rhenium-(Bispyridine) carbonyl complex to β-Lactoglobulin: Effects of pH & cysteine modification on calyx affinity.

Due to its commercial availability and well-defined structure, the interaction between bovine protein β-lactoglobulin (βLG) and a wide variety of non-native ligands - including transition metal complexes - has been explored, but its application as an artificial metalloenzyme scaffold is limited. This protein is hypothesized to transport fatty acids and other nutrients during juvenile development, and it binds hydrophobic ligands inside a binding pocket constructed upon an 8-stranded β-barrel, called the 'calyx'. Herein, we compare the binding behavior of two rhenium(anthracene-bispyridine) ('Anth-py') tricarbonyl complexes, one with a 12‑carbon chain appended to the ligand scaffold ('Anth-py') to βLG.

MixDeR: A SNP mixture deconvolution workflow for forensic genetic genealogy.

The generation of forensic DNA profiles consisting of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is now being facilitated by wider adoption of next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods in casework laboratories. At the same time, and in part because of this advance, there is an intense focus on the generation of SNP profiles from evidentiary specimens for so-called forensic or investigative genetic genealogy (FGG or IGG) applications. However, FGG methods are constrained by the algorithms for genealogical database searches, which were designed for use with single-source profiles, and the fact that many forensic samples are mixtures.

High-throughput precision assessment of pea-derived protein products using near infrared hyperspectral imaging.

This study aims to develop rapid and non-invasive methods based on near-infrared hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics for quantitative prediction of chemical compositions of pea-derived products. Hyperspectral imaging was used to acquire images from pea processing streams, namely pea flour, pea protein concentrate, and pea protein isolate. The PLS algorithm was used to develop quantitative prediction models based on the relationship between the hyperspectral image data and the chemical compositions of the pea products, including moisture, protein, ash, insoluble fiber, and total starch.

Infection rate following mandibular distraction with internal and external devices in infants.

Background: Internal and external devices may be utilized in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) for the correction of symptomatic micrognathia in infants and children.

Purpose: To compare the rate and severity of infection between internal and external MDO devices.

Study Design, Setting, Sample: Retrospective cohort study utilizing an institutional database of patients who underwent MDO.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of pathogenic GJB2 variants in the Asian population.

Objectives: Define the extent to which pathogenic GJB2 (gap junction beta-2) variants are responsible for non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in the Asian population.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed's MEDLINE were accessed from 1997 to 2023 using permutations of the MeSH terms: "Asian," ''Southeast Asian,'' "South Asian," "East Asian," "Southeastern Asian," and "GJB2.

Revisiting the electrophysiological correlates of valence and expectancy in reward processing - A multi-lab replication.

Two event-related brain potential (ERP) components, the frontocentral feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the posterior P300, are key in feedback processing. The FRN typically exhibits greater amplitude in response to negative and unexpected outcomes, whereas the P300 is generally more pronounced for positive outcomes. In an influential ERP study, Hajcak et al.

Utero-placental adaptations in response to intrauterine growth restriction in swine.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common condition in swine associated with high piglet mortality and morbidity that develops in early gestation. This review article explores differences in uterine and placental tissues associated with IUGR fetuses compared to their normally-grown littermates at different stages of gestation. Specifically, we will review the available knowledge to date describing differences in 1) structure, 2) cellular apoptosis and proliferation, 3) adhesion, and 4) angiogenesis in endometrial and placental tissues associated with IUGR fetuses across gestation.

A comparison of energy dispersive spectroscopy in transmission scanning electron microscopy with scanning transmission electron microscopy.

The objective of this work was to explore the capabilities of a field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) equipped with a transmission scanning electron detector (TSEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to identify nanoscale chemical heterogeneities in a gas atomization reaction synthesis (GARS) steel sample. The results of this analysis were compared to the same study conducted with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with EDS mapping. TSEM-EDS was performed using the standard spectral analysis approach, i.

Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection among children in Uzbekistan: Impact of vaccination.

Background: Uzbekistan, a highly endemic country for hepatitis B virus (HBV), introduced infant vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in 2001. Since 2002, it had ≥90 % reported immunization coverage for ≥3 doses of HepB (HepB3) and the birth dose (HepB-BD). However, the impact of HepB vaccination and the progress towards achieving the regional hepatitis B control and global viral hepatitis B elimination goals had not been assessed.

When bipartite graph learning meets anomaly detection in attributed networks: Understand abnormalities from each attribute.

Detecting anomalies in attributed networks has become a subject of interest in both academia and industry due to its wide spectrum of applications. Although most existing methods achieve desirable performance by the merit of various graph neural networks, the way they bundle node-affiliated multidimensional attributes into a whole for embedding calculation hinders their ability to model and analyze anomalies at the fine-grained feature level. To characterize anomalies from each feature dimension, we propose Eagle, a deep framework based on bipartitE grAph learninG for anomaLy dEtection.

Emerging roles for tubulin PTMs in neuronal function and neurodegenerative disease.

Neurons are equipped with microtubules of different stability with stable and dynamic domains often coexisting on the same microtubule. While dynamic microtubules undergo random transitions between disassembly and assembly, stable ones persist long enough to serve as platforms for tubulin-modifying enzymes (known as writers) that attach molecular components to the α- or β-tubulin subunits. The combination of these posttranslational modifications (PTMs) results in a "tubulin code," dictating the behavior of selected proteins (known as readers), some of which were shown to be crucial for neuronal function.

Electrochemical pH modulator coupled with Ni-based electrode for glucose sensing.

The non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose by direct oxidation using electrodes modified with suitable electrocatalysts is now well-established. However, it most often requires highly alkaline media, limiting dramatically the use of such electrodes at neutral pH. This is notably the case of Ni-based electrodes.

Groundwater flowpath characteristics drive variability in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) loading across a stream-wetland system.

Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in areas with industrial land use are at risk of exposure to a PFAS chemicals. We investigated one such system with several known PFAS source areas, where high and low permeability sediments (glacial) coupled with groundwater-lake and groundwater/surface-water interactions created complex 'source to seep' dynamics. Using heat-tracing and chemical methods, numerous preferential groundwater discharge zones were identified and sampled across the upper Quashnet River stream-wetland system in Mashpee, MA, USA, downgradient of Joint Base Cape Cod (JBCC).

From solubility to efficiency: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) regeneration from anion exchange resins.

This study investigated the regenerability of anion exchange resins for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), focusing on the interaction between regenerant composition and resin characteristics. The influence of salt type and concentration on PFAS solubility revealed a general decline in perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) solubility with increased salt concentrations, most strongly with KCl followed by NaCl and NHCl. Mixed solubility results were observed for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).

Was extinction of New Zealand's avian megafauna an unavoidable consequence of human arrival?

Human overexploitation contributed strongly to the loss of hundreds of bird species across Oceania, including nine giant, flightless birds called moa. The inevitability of anthropogenic moa extinctions in New Zealand has been fiercely debated. However, we can now rigorously evaluate their extinction drivers using spatially explicit demographic models capturing species-specific interactions between moa, natural climates and landscapes, and human colonists.

The combination of hyperspectral imaging, untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics highlights a coordinated stress-related biochemical reprogramming triggered by polyethylene nanoparticles in lettuce.

Polyethylene nanoplastics (NPs) are widely diffused in terrestrial environments, including soil ecosystems, but the stress mechanisms in plants are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two increasing concentrations of NPs (20 and 200 mg kg of soil) in lettuce. To this aim, high-throughput hyperspectral imaging was combined with metabolomics, covering both primary (using NMR) and secondary metabolism (using LC-HRMS), along with lipidomics profiling (using ion-mobility-LC-HRMS) and plant performance.

Determinants for successful medullary fixation of the superior ramus.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine what demographic and anatomical variables affect successful placement of a superior medullary ramus screw, and how they affect the maximal diameter of that screw.

Methods: Design: Prognostic Level IV SETTING: Level I Trauma Center Patients/Participants: Two hundred consecutive patients underwent computed tomography (CT) of the pelvis. We included those patients aged 18 and older without osseous injury or abnormalities precluding measurement.