Investigation of Genomic and Transcriptomic Risk Factors of Clopidogrel Response in African Americans.

Clopidogrel, an anti-platelet drug, is used to prevent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Clopidogrel resistance results in recurring ischemic events, with African Americans (AA) suffering disproportionately. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers of clopidogrel resistance in African Americans using genome and transcriptome data.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Pancreatic Disease-A Population-Based Nationwide Cohort and Sibling-Controlled Study.

Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been linked to pancreatic diseases, but evidence from population-based studies with liver histology is lacking.

Aims And Methods: In this population-based cohort including all Swedish adults (n = 8563) with biopsy-proven MASLD, we aimed to investigate incidences of pancreatic diseases compared with matched reference individuals from the general population (n = 38,858) and full siblings (n = 6696). Using Cox proportional hazard models, we calculated multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and confidence intervals (CIs).

Functional independence trajectories over 5 years in older veterans with traumatic brain injury: A model systems study.

Background: Research on older adults who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) has predominantly been on civilian, nonveteran populations. Military populations experience higher rates of TBI and often experience the additive effects of TBI and other comorbid disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and/or substance use that may increase disability over time.

Objective: To investigate predictors of functional independence trajectories over the 5 years after TBI in veterans 55 years or older at injury.

Recovery and Degradation Drive Changes in the Dispersal Capacity of Stream Macroinvertebrate Communities.

Freshwater ecosystems face significant threats, including pollution, habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change. To address these challenges, management strategies and restoration efforts have been broadly implemented. Across Europe, such efforts have resulted in overall improvements in freshwater biodiversity, but recovery has stalled or failed to occur in many localities, which may be partly caused by the limited dispersal capacity of many species.

Genetic Services in Appalachia Conference Series.

This study examined the data generated as part of a seven-session webinar series that focused on genetics care provision in the medically underserved, rural Appalachian region and examined how these services have adapted to challenging practice environments. Barriers and facilitators to care in our region were considered. Data included a baseline survey of registrants, transcripts of sessions, and feedback about sessions.

Effects of methylphenidate on sensitivity to reinforcement delay, magnitude, and probability: Implications for impulsive and risky choice.

Under rapid-acquisition, concurrent-chains choice procedures, psychomotor stimulants typically decrease the sensitivity of responding to changes in separate dimensions of reinforcement. Across two experiments, pigeons chose between outcomes that differed in terms of reinforcement delay and magnitude (the dimensions involved in delay discounting or "impulsive" choice; Experiment 1) or reinforcement probability and magnitude (the dimensions involved in probability discounting or "risky" choice; Experiment 2). Outcomes associated with each terminal link were varied independently and pseudorandomly across sessions such that in dominated sessions one terminal link was favorable in terms of both dimensions (sooner, larger in Experiment 1 and more likely, larger in Experiment 2) and in trade-off sessions each terminal link was favorable in terms of a different dimension.

Genetic Variants of GBP4: Reduced Risks for Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure in Non-Finnish European Population.

Background And Aims: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a serious condition, typically in individuals without prior liver disease. Drug-induced ALF (DIALF) constitutes a major portion of ALF cases. Our research aimed to identify potential genetic predispositions to DIALF.

TBC1D20 coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis.

TBC1D20 deficiency causes Warburg Micro Syndrome in humans, characterized by multiple eye abnormalities, severe intellectual disability, and abnormal sexual development, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we identify TBC1D20 as a novel Rab11 GTPase-activating protein that coordinates vesicle transport and actin remodeling to regulate ciliogenesis. Depletion of TBC1D20 promotes Rab11 vesicle accumulation and actin deconstruction around the centrosome, facilitating the initiation of ciliogenesis even in cycling cells.

Current practices by Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers to remunerate research participants.

Introduction: Recent guidance from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) recommends remuneration for all Alzheimer's disease (AD) research participants. Given AD research recruitment challenges, we assessed the remuneration practices at Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs).

Methods: We surveyed 37 ADRCs about remuneration for longitudinal research participants.

Understanding Types of Stigma Experienced in Black Women Living With HIV in Baltimore, Maryland: A Mixed Methods Study.

Aim: To understand how Black or African American women living with HIV (WLH) experience different types of stigma in their daily lives.

Design: Secondary analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from a recent clinical trial in Baltimore, Maryland.

Methods: Quantitative data were collected in the baseline survey, and qualitative data were gathered during 6-month follow-up focus group and individual interviews.

APOBEC-1 cofactors regulate APOBEC3-induced mutations in hepatitis B virus.

Unlabelled: APOBEC3 proteins (A3s) play an important role in host innate immunity against viruses and DNA mutations in cancer. A3s-induced mutations in both viral and human DNA genomes vary significantly from non-lethal mutations in viruses to localized hypermutations, such as kataegis in cancer. How A3s are regulated remains largely unknown.

Molecular epidemiology of β-lactamases in ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in the mid-Atlantic United States.

Ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales remain a public health threat; contemporary data investigating their molecular epidemiology are limited. Five hundred consecutive ceftriaxone-resistant (MIC ≥ 4 µg/mL) Enterobacterales bloodstream isolates were collected between 2018 and 2022 from three Maryland hospitals. Broth microdilution confirmed antibiotic susceptibilities.

How human papillomavirus (HPV) targets DNA repair pathways for viral replication: from guardian to accomplice.

SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that are responsible for significant disease burdens worldwide, including cancers of the cervix, anogenital tract, and oropharynx. HPVs infect stratified epithelia at a variety of body locations and link their productive life cycles to the differentiation of the host cell. These viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to exploit cellular pathways, such as DNA damage repair (DDR), to regulate their life cycles.

coordinates the IL-10 inducing activity of .

Unlabelled: The intestine is home to a complex immune system that is engaged in mutualistic interactions with the microbiome that maintain intestinal homeostasis. A variety of immune-derived anti-inflammatory mediators have been uncovered and shown to be critical for maintaining these beneficial immune-microbiome relationships. Notably, the gut microbiome actively invokes the induction of anti-inflammatory pathways that limit the development of microbiome-targeted inflammatory immune responses.

Environmental and population influences on mummichog () gut microbiomes.

Unlabelled: The mummichog, , an abundant estuarine fish broadly distributed along the eastern coast of North America, has repeatedly evolved tolerance to otherwise lethal levels of aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. This tolerance is linked to reduced activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. In other animals, the AHR has been shown to influence the gastrointestinal-associated microbial community, particularly when activated by the model toxic pollutant 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) and other dioxin-like compounds.

The NmpRSTU multi-component signaling system of regulates expression of an oxygen utilization regulon.

Unlabelled: has numerous two-component signaling systems (TCSs), many of which regulate the complex social behaviors of this soil bacterium. A subset of TCSs consists of NtrC-like response regulators (RRs) and their cognate histidine sensor kinases (SKs). We have previously demonstrated that a multi-component, phosphorelay TCS named NmpRSTU plays a role in social motility.

Potential for Misdiagnosis of Detrusor Underactivity Due to Urodynamic Voiding Position and Seating Characteristics.

Background: Detrusor underactivity (DUA) is a lower urinary tract (LUT) diagnosis that is diagnosed with multichannel urodynamic studies (UDS). The effect of voiding position and DUA detection is unclear.

Objectives: We investigated whether moving individuals from the UDS chair to their typical voiding position would more accurately assess detrusor function in cases of absent or nonrepresentative voiding.

Multi-center evaluation of the Alinity m HR HPV assay with liquid-based cytology cervical specimens in the United States.

Incorporating molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) into the screening of cervical specimens can improve risk stratification and, in turn, patient management. Infection with a high-risk (HR) HPV genotype is associated with greater risk for persistent infection, viral integration, and progression of cervical neoplasia. Current guidelines consider HPV 16 or HPV 18 clinically actionable with referral to colposcopy; however, 12 Other HR HPV genotypes have been associated with cervical cancer risk, suggesting a benefit of extended genotyping.

Coding-complete genome sequence of a GI-13 infectious bronchitis virus from commercial chicken in India.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious, acute upper respiratory disease in chickens characterized by nasal discharge, coughing, and rales. Here, the complete genome sequence of a recombinant GI-13 IBV strain ck/IN/A2332039-001/24 was sequenced from a choanal sample of a commercial broiler chicken in India using nontargeted next-generation sequencing.

Duplexed direct RNA sequencing protocol using polyadenylation and polyuridylation.

Oxford Nanopore Technologies provides multiplexing options for DNA and cDNA sequencing, but not for direct RNA sequencing. Here we describe a duplexing approach and validate it by simultaneously sequencing the rRNA from wild type and knockout that have differential rRNA modifications, successfully demultiplexing the data using bioinformatics approaches.

Comorbidities and Healthcare Utilization Among Young Adults With Congenital Heart Defects by Down Syndrome Status-Congenital Heart Survey to Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and wellbeinG, 2016-2019.

Background: Almost half of individuals born with Down syndrome (DS) have congenital heart defects (CHDs). Yet, little is known about the health and healthcare needs of adults with CHDs and DS. Therefore, we examined comorbidities and healthcare utilization of this population.

The association between adult child education and cognitive functioning among older parents: A cross-national comparison of diverse contexts.

Introduction: The association between adult child educational attainment and older parent's cognitive health may vary across diverse contexts but cross-national comparisons have been limited by differences in outcome assessment, study design, and analytic choices.

Methods: We used harmonized data with comprehensive cognitive assessments from the United States (N = 3088), India (N = 3828), and Mexico (N = 1875) to estimate associations between adult child education and older adults' cognitive functioning using linear regression models adjusted for respondent and family-level socio-economic status (SES) in each study.

Results: Each additional year of offspring education was associated with 0.

Standard Versus Reduced Hydration to Improve Elimination of High-Dose Methotrexate in Pediatric Patients: A Controlled Crossover Trial.

Background: Hydration and urine alkalinization are the mainstays for the prevention of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity. Current oncology protocols recommend pediatric patients who are administered high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) to be aggressively hydrated with an alkaline solution, which may lead to overhydration. This pilot study sought to determine whether reduced posthydration results in a shorter time to methotrexate elimination without increasing adverse effects.

Disrupted Cross-Scale Network Associated With Cognitive-Emotional Disorders in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Background: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is associated with abnormal changes in the brain's central nervous system. Previous studies on the brain networks of SSNHL have primarily focused on functional connectivity within the brain. However, in addition to functional connectivity, structural connectivity also plays a crucial role in brain networks.