Varied terminology by radiologists to describe Bosniak class III and IV cystic renal masses.

Background: The Bosniak classification is designed to standardize evaluation of cystic renal masses and to communicate the risk of malignancy.

Purpose: To determine whether radiologists vary in their communication of Bosniak class III and IV cystic renal masses.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 186 patients with CT or MRI reporting a Bosniak class III or IV mass.

High-Modulus Homochiral Torsional Oxide Ceramic Artificial Muscles.

Fiber-based artificial muscles are soft actuators used to mimic the movement of human muscles. However, using high modulus oxide ceramics to fabricate artificial muscles with high energy and power is a challenge as they are prone to brittle fracture during torsion. Here, a ceramic metallization strategy is reported that solves the problem of low torsion and low ductility of alumina (AlO) ceramics by chemical plating a thin copper layer on alumina filaments.

Alternative driver pathways in peripheral nerve sheath tumors - including DICER1 and/or KRAS alterations.

DICER1-associated sarcoma is an emerging entity, defined by either somatic or germline dicer 1, ribonuclease III (DICER1) mutations and sharing characteristic morphologic features irrespective of the site of origin. In addition to the DICER1 driver mutation, concurrent genomic alterations, including tumor protein 53 (TP53) inactivation and RAS pathway activation, are frequently detected. Tumors that morphologically resemble malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) have rarely been reported among DICER1 sarcomas and often pose diagnostic challenges.

Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Acute psychological stress may induce physiological changes predisposing individuals to adverse health outcomes through hemodynamic and vascular effects. We studied the association between the aggregated stress-induced changes in hemodynamic and vascular function tests with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods And Results: Individuals with stable coronary artery disease from 2 prospective cohort studies were studied.

Comprehensive Assessment of the Risk of Symptomatic Embolism in Patients With Infective Endocarditis.

Background: Echocardiographic evaluation of vegetations is crucial in infective endocarditis (IE). Although several studies have noted a link between larger vegetations and an increased risk of embolization, a more comprehensive evaluation of vegetation characteristics in a contemporary cohort has not been conducted. Our study aimed to define the short-term risk of symptomatic embolization in patients with IE.

Ultrahigh Specific Strength by Bayesian Optimization of Carbon Nanolattices.

Nanoarchitected materials are at the frontier of metamaterial design and have set the benchmark for mechanical performance in several contemporary applications. However, traditional nanoarchitected designs with conventional topologies exhibit poor stress distributions and induce premature nodal failure. Here, using multi-objective Bayesian optimization and two-photon polymerization, optimized carbon nanolattices with an exceptional specific strength of 2.

RETRACTED: Di Paola et al. Combined Effects of Potassium Perchlorate and a Neonicotinoid on Zebrafish Larvae (). 2022, , 203.

The journal retracts the article, "Combined Effects of Potassium Perchlorate and a Neonicotinoid on Zebrafish Larvae ()" [...

Consensus on Safe Initiation and Monitoring of Transanal Irrigation to Optimize Adherence With Therapy.

Background: Transanal irrigation is a well-established minimally invasive therapy that addresses symptoms of both constipation and incontinence. The therapy has been extended from just neurogenic bowel dysfunction patients to those with disorders of brain-gut interaction and postsurgical conditions.

Aim: To summarized the literature on transanal irrigation and update the contraindication profile.

CD34hi subset of synovial fibroblasts contributes to fibrotic phenotype of human knee osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) shows various clinical manifestations depending on the status of its joint components. We aimed to identify the synovial cell subsets responsible for OA pathophysiology by comprehensive analyses of human synovium samples in single-cell resolution. Two distinct OA synovial tissue groups were classified by gene expression profiles in RNA-Seq: inflammatory and fibrotic.

Inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell PERK/ATF4 ER stress signaling protects against abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are a life-threatening cardiovascular disease for which there is a lack of effective therapy preventing aortic rupture. During AAA formation, pathological vascular remodeling is driven by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction and apoptosis, for which the mechanisms regulating loss of VSMCs within the aortic wall remain poorly defined. Using single-cell RNA-Seq of human AAA tissues, we identified increased activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response pathway, PERK/eIF2α/ATF4, in aortic VSMCs resulting in upregulation of an apoptotic cellular response.

Endothelial FOXM1 and Dab2 promote diabetic wound healing.

Diabetes mellitus can cause impaired and delayed wound healing, leading to lower extremity amputations; however, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent (VEGF-dependent) angiogenesis remain unclear. In our study, the molecular underpinnings of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes are investigated, focusing on the roles of disabled-2 (Dab2) and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) in VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling and endothelial cell function. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis identified significant downregulation of Dab2 in high-glucose-treated primary mouse skin endothelial cells.

Multidimensional, integrative profiling identifies BCL2L1 methylation as a predictor of MCL1 dependency in pediatric malignancies.

Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are the most aggressive brain tumors in children, necessitating innovative therapies to improve outcomes. Unlike adult gliomas, recent research reveals that childhood gliomas have distinct biological features, requiring specific treatment strategies. Here, we focused on deciphering unique genetic dependencies specific to childhood gliomas.

Identification and validation of a T cell receptor targeting KRAS G12V in HLA-A*11:01 pancreatic cancer patients.

T cells targeting a KRAS mutation can induce durable tumor regression in some patients with metastatic epithelial cancer. It is unknown whether T cells targeting mutant KRAS that are capable of killing tumor cells can be identified from peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic cancer. We developed an in vitro stimulation approach and identified HLA-A*11:01-restricted KRAS G12V-reactive CD8+ T cells and HLA-DRB1*15:01-restricted KRAS G12V-reactive CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood of 2 out of 6 HLA-A*11:01-positive patients with pancreatic cancer whose tumors expressed KRAS G12V.

Effects of the Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation System on Heartburn, Regurgitation and Esophageal Acid Exposure in GERD Patients-An Uncontrolled Feasibility Study.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are associated with a high failure rate. Our uncontrolled feasibility study aimed determining the effect of a transcutaneous electrical stimulation system (TESS) on GERD symptoms and acid exposure time (AET).

Methods: Recruited patients with heartburn and regurgitation.

Assessing spatial sequencing and imaging approaches to capture the molecular and pathological heterogeneity of archived cancer tissues.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers enormous potential to decipher the biological and pathological heterogeneity in precious archival cancer tissues. Traditionally, these tissues have rarely been used and only examined at a low throughput, most commonly by histopathological staining. ST adds thousands of times as many molecular features to histopathological images, but critical technical issues and limitations require more assessment of how ST performs on fixed archival tissues.

MRI detects tubulointerstitial changes in mouse models of radiation-induced nephropathy.

Purpose: We hypothesized that radiation-induced tubulointerstitial changes in the kidney can be assessed using MRI-based T relaxation time measurements.

Methods: We performed MRI, histology, and serum biochemistry in two mouse models of radiation nephropathy: one involving external beam radiotherapy and the other using internal irradiation with an α-particle-emitting actinium-225 radiolabeled antibody. We compared the mean T values of different renal compartments between control and external beam radiotherapy or α-particle-emitting actinium-225 radiolabeled antibody-treated groups and between the two radiation-treated groups using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Structural insights into the role of the prosegment binding loop in a papain-superfamily cysteine protease from Treponema denticola.

Periodontal diseases afflict 20-50% of the global population and carry serious health and economic burdens. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of the periodontal pocket caused by dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is coupled with an increase in the population of Treponema denticola, a spirochete bacterium with high mobility and invasivity mediated by a number of virulence factors.

Circulating Tumor HPV-DNA in the Management of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Blood-borne, cell-free DNA has been proposed as a means of individualizing the management of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods And Materials: This study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. A comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed publications from January 2013 to January 2024 was undertaken to identify prospective studies pertaining to the use of circulating HPV-DNA for oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Maternal Incarceration and Health Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents: A Latent Class Analysis.

Most studies on the impact of maternal incarceration on adolescent health risk behaviors have focused on singular, separated behaviors, even though these behaviors often cluster and co-occur. This study used the FFCWS dataset to examine the association between maternal incarceration and the aggregation of health risk behaviors among adolescents. Latent class analysis suggested the four-class model had the optimal model fit.

Concurrent Perioperative Benzodiazepine and Opioid Utilization in Opioid-Naive Patients Undergoing Soft Tissue Hand Surgery.

Background: While concomitant opioid and benzodiazepine use is discouraged due to an increased risk of sedation/overdose, the extent of perioperative opioid utilization in hand surgery patients already using benzodiazepines is unknown.

Methods: Using an administrative claims database, we identified adults undergoing carpal tunnel, DeQuervain, or trigger finger release, palmar fasciectomies, ganglion/mucoid cyst removals, and hand/wrist soft tissue mass excisions from 2011 to 2021. We identified opioid-naive patients with a benzodiazepine prescription within 90 days before surgery.

Innovative telehospitalist model optimizes medical triage in collaboration with community emergency departments: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Optimal hospital bed utilization requires innovative patient care models. We studied a novel hospitalist model utilizing telemedicine to facilitate collaboration with affiliated emergency departments (EDs) and support medical triage and care of ED patients with high likelihood of hospital admission.

Methods: Telehospitalists based at a tertiary care facility collaborated with four community EDs in the same healthcare network between January 1, 2022, and April 30, 2023.

Deciphering the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution.

Polystyrene nanoparticles pose significant toxicological risks to aquatic ecosystems, yet their impact on zebrafish ( ) embryonic development, particularly erythropoiesis, remains underexplored. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to comprehensively evaluate the effects of polystyrene nanoparticle exposure on erythropoiesis in zebrafish embryos. validation experiments corroborated the transcriptomic findings, revealing that polystyrene nanoparticle exposure disrupted erythrocyte differentiation, as evidenced by the decrease in mature erythrocytes and concomitant increase in immature erythrocytes.

Attitudes About Aging and Beliefs About When you Have Been or Will be Your Best Self.

Stereotypes about aging and aging anxieties are common and when internalized are related to poor physical and psychological outcomes. As a result, older adults may view themselves as having their best years behind them. The present study investigates ageism and aging anxiety as barriers to positive self-development.