174 results match your criteria: "US National Poultry Research Center[Affiliation]"

Characterizing Host microRNA: Virus Interactions of .

Viruses

November 2024

Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.

Post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs) relies on sequence complementarity between the miRNA seed site and the target gene transcript(s). This complementarity can completely inhibit or reduce translation into protein. We hypothesized that viruses employ sequence complementarity/similarity with host miRNAs to inhibit or increase the miRNA-mediated regulation of host gene expression specifically during viral infection(s).

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Tetracycline resistance gene transfer from Escherichia coli donors to Salmonella Heidelberg in chickens is impacted by the genetic context of donors.

Vet Microbiol

December 2024

Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA. Electronic address:

Chicken ceca are a rich source of bacteria, including zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. The microbiota includes strains/species carrying antimicrobial resistance genes and horizontal transfer of resistance determinants between species may increase the risk to public health and farming systems. Possible sources of these antimicrobial resistance donors - the eggshell carrying bacteria from the hen vertically transmitted to the offspring, or the barn environment where chicks are hatched and raised - has been little explored.

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Article Synopsis
  • * A study was conducted on 80 laying hens divided into four groups to evaluate the effects of different levels of Fe and Zn on feed intake, egg production, and micronutrient deposits in egg yolk.
  • * Results showed that while overall feed intake and egg production weren't affected, the highest supplementation level (300 mg/kg) significantly increased iron and zinc content in the egg yolk without negatively impacting other production metrics.
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Enhanced Oncolytic Potential of Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus Lasota Strain through Modification of Its F Protein Cleavage Site.

Microorganisms

October 2024

The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health/Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an oncolytic virus whose F protein cleavage activity is associated with viral infectivity. To explore the potential of modifying F protein cleavage activity to enhance antitumor effects, we constructed a recombinant NDV LaSota strain by replacing its F protein cleavage site with that from the mesogenic Beaudette C (BC) strain using reverse genetics techniques. The resulting virus, rLaSota-BC-RFP, demonstrated significantly enhanced infectivity and tumor cell suppression on the murine melanoma B16F10 cell, characterized by higher cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis compared to its parental strain, rLaSota-RFP.

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Article Synopsis
  • Spaghetti meat (SM) and wooden breast (WB) are new muscle disorders found in fast-growing broiler chickens, prompting a study to analyze their metabolic differences compared to normal (N) chicken meat after 24 hours postmortem.
  • Researchers utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to identify over 3,000 metabolites in the chicken breast meat, finding significant differences between the various meat types.
  • The study revealed specific metabolic changes such as increased 15-HETE and decreased D-inositol-4-phosphate in both SM and WB, along with altered purine and carbon metabolism, indicating both similarities and differences in the health and quality of SM and WB.
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Article Synopsis
  • Increased consumer interest in pasture-raised, antibiotic-free poultry has led to more pastured poultry operations in the U.S., raising concerns about Campylobacter exposure.
  • A study sampled 40 pastured poultry flocks across nine farms, revealing a Campylobacter prevalence of 47.91%, with the highest load in the caeca and the lowest in whole carcass rinses.
  • Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were the most common isolates found, with significant antibiotic resistance, particularly to tetracycline, but low rates of multidrug resistance were observed.
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Balanced ratios of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can enhance chicken growth, immunity, and muscle synthesis. However, these ratios can be affected by changes in crude protein (CP) levels or the substitution of protein sources, leading to BCAA antagonism. This, in turn, can have a negative impact on chicken growth.

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Evaluation of Commercial RNA Extraction Protocols for Avian Influenza Virus Using Nanopore Metagenomic Sequencing.

Viruses

September 2024

Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a significant threat to the poultry industry, necessitating rapid and accurate diagnosis. The current AIV diagnostic process relies on virus identification via real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Subsequently, the virus is further characterized using genome sequencing.

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the reduced dietary calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) level and supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) on the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and antimicrobial peptides and gut microbiota of broiler chickens with/without Eimeria challenge. A total of 576 fourteen-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated according to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with main effects including Eimeria challenging (125,000 Eimeria acervulina, 25,000 Eimeria maxima, and 25,000 Eimeria tenella), dietary Ca and P levels (0.84% Ca and 0.

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A Strain near Isogenic to the Sequenced FGSC7600 Strain for Producing Homozygous Multigene Mutants.

J Fungi (Basel)

August 2024

Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA.

Fungal genetic systems ideally combine molecular tools for genome manipulation and a sexual reproduction system to create an informative assortment of combinations of genomic modifications. When employing the sexual cycle to generate multi-mutants, the background genotype variations in the parents may result in progeny phenotypic variation obscuring the effects of combined mutations. Here, to mitigate this variation in , we generated a strain that was near isogenic to the sequenced wild-type strain, FGSC7600.

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Salmonella Biomapping of a Commercial Broiler Hatchery.

J Food Prot

October 2024

USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Egg & Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, Athens, Georgia, USA.

Poultry-associated salmonellosis results in significant costs to poultry producers and consumers. Given the vertically integrated nature of the United States poultry industry, a better understanding of Salmonella ecology throughout all levels of poultry production is essential. One nexus point is the hatchery, where eggs from multiple broiler breeder farms are incubated and hatched, with the chicks being sent to numerous farms; therefore, the hatchery represents an ideal area to understand preharvest Salmonella ecology and flow.

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16S amplicon-based microbiome biomapping of a commercial broiler hatchery.

Anim Microbiome

August 2024

Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA.

Hatcheries, where eggs from multiple breeder farms are incubated and hatched before being sent to different broiler farms, represent a nexus point in the commercial production of broilers in the United States. Considering all downstream microbial quality and safety aspects of broiler production (live production, processing, consumer use) can be potentially affected by the hatchery, a better understanding of microbial ecology within commercial hatcheries is essential. Therefore, a commercial broiler hatchery was biomapped using 16S rRNA amplicon-based microbiome analyses of four sample type categories (Air, Egg, Water, Facility) across five different places in the pre-hatch, hatch, and post-hatch areas.

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Detection and differentiation of low virulence and virulent Orthoavulavirus javaense using a molecular beacon with RT-LAMP.

Sci Rep

August 2024

Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Disease Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratories, US National Poultry Research Center, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA, 30605, USA.

Newcastle disease (ND), an economically important disease in poultry, is caused by virulent strains of the genetically diverse Orthoavulavirus javaense (OAVJ). Laboratories rely on quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect OAVJ and differentiate between OAVJ pathotypes. This study demonstrates that a fusion cleavage site based molecular beacon with reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (MB-RT-LAMP) assay can detect and differentiate OAVJ pathotypes in a single assay.

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High CO in packages significantly extends microbiological shelf life of poultry meat. Cold plasma is an emerging antimicrobial treatment, which generates various reactive gas species and inactivates microbials effectively. The objective of this study was to explore the potential effects of combining high CO package and in-package cold plasma (IPCP) treatments on the quality and safety of raw chicken breast meat.

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Comparative analysis of multiple consensus genomes of the same strain of Marek's disease virus reveals intrastrain variation.

Virus Evol

June 2024

Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Current strategies to understand the molecular basis of Marek's disease virus (MDV) virulence primarily consist of cataloging divergent nucleotides between strains with different phenotypes. However, most comparative genomic studies of MDV rely on previously published consensus genomes despite the confirmed existence of MDV strains as mixed viral populations. To assess the reliability of interstrain genomic comparisons relying on published consensus genomes of MDV, we obtained two additional consensus genomes of vaccine strain CVI988 (Rispens) and two additional consensus genomes of the very virulent strain Md5 by sequencing viral stocks and cultured field isolates.

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Susceptibility of pESI positive Salmonella to treatment with biocide chemicals approved for use in poultry meat processing as compared to Salmonella without the pESI plasmid.

Lett Appl Microbiol

July 2024

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, United States.

Salmonella is a common cause of human foodborne illness, which is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated or undercooked poultry meat. Serotype Infantis is among the most common serotypes isolated from poultry meat products globally. Isolates of serotype Infantis carrying the pESI plasmid, the most dominant strain of Infantis, have been shown to exhibit oxidizer tolerance.

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Tools and Techniques to Accelerate Crop Breeding.

Plants (Basel)

May 2024

One Health Laboratory, Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College of Agriculture, Science, and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.

As climate changes and a growing global population continue to escalate the need for greater production capabilities of food crops, technological advances in agricultural and crop research will remain a necessity. While great advances in crop improvement over the past century have contributed to massive increases in yield, classic breeding schemes lack the rate of genetic gain needed to meet future demands. In the past decade, new breeding techniques and tools have been developed to aid in crop improvement.

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Duration of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus and Newcastle Disease Virus Infectivity in Dried Ornithologic Study Skins.

J Wildl Dis

July 2024

Exotic and Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Unit, US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 934 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.

Ornithologic study skins are specimens of avian skins that have been preserved by drying after removing the viscera and muscle. Because of the high value of study skins for scientific studies, specimens are shared among researchers. There is concern that study skins might be contaminated with high-consequence diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) or Newcastle disease virus (NDV).

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Soil, particularly in agricultural regions, has been recognized as one of the significant reservoirs for the emerging contaminant of MPs. Therefore, developing a rapid and efficient method is critical for their identification in soil. Here, we coupled HSI systems [i.

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An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytase in calcium (Ca) and available phosphorous (avP)-reduced diet on growth performance, body composition, bone health, and intestinal integrity of broilers challenged with Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina. A total of 672 14-day-old male broilers were allocated to a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 6 replicates per treatment and 14 birds per replicate. Two factors were Eimeria challenge and 4 dietary treatments: 1) a positive control (PC; 0.

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This study aimed to understand the effect of challenge on the cecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration to form a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction. Sixty broilers were randomly allocated into two treatments: control and challenge. Each treatment was replicated in six pens with five birds per pen.

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The wooden breast (WB) condition notably alters moisture content and water holding capacity (WHC) in broiler breast fillets. The purpose of this study was to investigate water properties during refrigerated storage from 4 h to 168 h postmortem using time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR). Water properties measured included mobility (T), proportion (P), and abundance per 100 g of meat (A).

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Avian reovirus (ARV) is an emerging pathogen which causes significant economic challenges to the chicken and turkey industry in the USA and globally, yet the molecular characterization of most ARV strains is restricted to a single particular gene, the sigma C gene. The genome of arthrogenic reovirus field isolates (R18-37308 and R18-38167), isolated from broiler chickens in North Carolina (NC), USA in 2018, was sequenced using long-read next-generation sequencing (NGS). The isolates were genotyped based on the amino acid sequence of sigma C (σC) followed by phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of the other 11 genomically encoded proteins for whole genomic constellation and genetic variation detection.

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