Electronic Health Record Data Collection Practices to Advance Standardization and Interoperability of Patient Preferences for Interpretation Services: Qualitative Study.

Background: Poor health outcomes are well documented among patients with a non-English language preference (NELP). The use of interpreters can improve the quality of care for patients with NELP. Despite a growing and unmet need for interpretation services in the US health care system, rates of interpreter use in the care setting are consistently low.

Measures to Prevent and Control COVID-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Scoping Review.

Importance: Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) experienced high mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading them to adopt preventive measures to counteract viral spread. A critical appraisal of these measures is essential to support SNFs in managing future infectious disease outbreaks.

Objective: To perform a scoping review of data and evidence on the use and effectiveness of preventive measures implemented from 2020 to 2024 to prevent COVID-19 infection in SNFs in the US.

Emphasis on Financial vs Nonfinancial Criteria in Employer Benefits' Measurements.

Importance: Few studies have examined the extent to which employers emphasize financial over nonfinancial criteria in measurement, reporting, and decision-making about health care benefits.

Objective: To measure and identify factors associated with financial over nonfinancial emphasis in employer decision-making about health benefits.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of US employers to assess the extent of employers' emphasis on benefits plans' costs over member experience, access to care, and equity, and on financial vs other considerations when choosing third-party benefits administrators.

Data pharmacovigilance analysis of medroxyprogesterone-related adverse events in the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Objectives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a steroid progesterone, is widely used to treat endometriosis, menstrual disorders, and uterine bleeding in clinical practice. However, the safety profile of MPA requires comprehensive evaluation.

Methods: This study performed a retrospective analysis using real-world data extracted from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity.

Importance: Adherence to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) is important for their effectiveness. Discontinuation and reinitiation patterns are not well understood.

Objective: To describe rates of and factors associated with discontinuation and subsequent reinitiation of GLP-1 RAs among adults with overweight or obesity.

Adverse Prehospital Events and Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: While national guidelines recommend avoidance of hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia in the prehospital care of traumatic brain injury (TBI), limited data validate the association of these adverse physiologic events with TBI outcomes.

Objective: To validate the associations of prehospital hypoxia, hypotension, and hypocarbia with TBI outcomes in a US national trauma network.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study examined data from 8 level I trauma centers and their affiliated ground and air emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in the Linking Investigations in Trauma and Emergency Services (LITES) Network from January 1, 2017, to June 30, 2021.

Quantifying the Relationship Between At-Home Shoulder Physiotherapy Participation and Outcome: What can a Watch Tell Us?

Introduction: Exercise-based physiotherapy is an established treatment of rotator cuff injury. Objective assessment of at-home exercise is critical to understand its relationship with clinical outcomes. This study uses the Smart Physiotherapy Activity Recognition System to measure at-home physiotherapy participation in patients with rotator cuff injury based on inertial sensor data captured from smart watches.

Acute aortic dissection during minimally invasive cardiac surgery: a case report.

Background: Management of acute aortic dissection (AAD) caused by retrograde perfusion through the femoral artery during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) remains controversial. We present a case of AAD occurring during the late cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) phase, which was successfully managed by vascular graft replacement, without altering the blood supply route.

Case Presentation: A 63-year-old man was scheduled for totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement.

Mechanical Characterization of Amniotic-Based Scaffolds Containing Silk Fibroin and Sodium Alginate Nanofibers.

Due to its availability and biocompatibility, the human amniotic membrane (hAM) is being investigated by a large number of researchers with the goal of gaining a better understanding of the materials' mechanical behavior and structural integrity and optimizing them for various Tissue Engineering applications. In this research, biopolymers sodium alginate (SA) and silk fibroin (SF) were electrospun onto a decellularized hAM, resulting in two types of hybrid scaffolds: hAM/SF and hAM/SF/SA. The mechanical characteristics of these nanofibers were then analyzed to guide scaffold optimization for applications using these materials.

Rumination Mediates the Relation of Hostile Attribution to Psychological Maladjustment Among Adolescents from Three Countries.

Addressing global concerns about youth mental health requires understanding longitudinal pathways to psychological maladjustment among diverse youth. Hostile attribution bias (HAB) and hostile rumination (HR) are cognitive vulnerabilities associated with multiple forms of psychological maladjustment among diverse youth. This study longitudinally examined whether HR mediates the relation of HAB to aggression, anxiety, and depression symptoms in a sample of adolescents from three countries.

Self-rated health differences between exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive cigarette smokers: evidence from the 2017-2019 Scottish Health Survey.

The comparative health implications of e-cigarette use versus traditional cigarette smoking remain a critical focus in public health research. This cross-sectional study examined differences in self-rated general health between exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive cigarette smokers, using data from the 2017-2019 Scottish Health Survey. A total of 2484 adults (aged 16 and above) were included and categorized as exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 565) or exclusive cigarette smokers (n = 1919).

Imaging biomarkers of cortical neurodegeneration underlying cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Purpose: Imaging biomarkers bear great promise for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). We compared the ability of three commonly used neuroimaging modalities to detect cortical changes in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and dementia (PDD).

Methods: 53 cognitively normal PD patients (PD-CN), 32 PD-MCI, and 35 PDD underwent concurrent structural MRI (sMRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI), and [F]FDG PET.

Application of novel strategies in chronic wound management with focusing on pressure ulcers: new perspective.

Invading blood cells, extracellular tissue, and soluble mediators all play important roles in the wound-healing process. There is a substantial global burden of disease and mortality attributable to skin defects that do not heal. About 1% to 2% of the population in industrialized nations suffers from chronic wounds that don't heal, despite healthcare breakthroughs; this condition is very costly, costing about $25 billion each year in the US alone.

Iron-sulfur clusters: the road to room temperature.

Iron-sulfur proteins perform a wide variety of reactions central to the metabolisms of all living organisms. Foundational to their reaction chemistry are the rich electronic structures of their constituent Fe-S clusters, which differ in important ways from the active sites of mononuclear Fe enzymes. In this perspective, we summarize the essential electronic structure features that make Fe-S clusters unique, and point to the need for studies aimed at understanding the electronic basis for their reactivity under physiological conditions.

Workforce Diversity in Sports Medicine: Analysis of Recent Trends Relative to the US Population.

This was a cross-sectional study of sports medicine fellows from previous (2010-2015) and contemporary (2016-2021) training periods. There were 2315 trainees from family medicine (FM, 85%), 261 trainees from physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR, 10%), and 133 trainees from emergency medicine (EM, 5%). PMR had the highest female and Asian trainee representation while FM had the highest Black trainee representation.

Gestational arsenite exposure alters maternal postpartum heart size and induces Ca-handling dysregulation in cardiomyocytes.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the US. Studies suggest a role for environmental exposures in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, including exposure to arsenic through drinking water. Arsenic exposure during pregnancy has been shown to have effects on offspring, but few studies have examined impacts on maternal cardiovascular health.

Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES): a new chapter in vaginal surgical innovation.

Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) is a novel minimal invasive technique which employs the vaginal orifice for surgical access, after which endoscopic instruments are introduced, thus obviating the need for any external skin incisions. This approach has gained traction as it is associated with reduced morbidity, improved cosmesis, lower pain scores and decreased length of hospital stay, with no increase in adverse events, when compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery. Initially limited to hysterectomy and adnexectomy, its role has now expanded to include indications such as urogynaecology, oncology and fertility.

Hidden Heterogeneity: How the White Racial Category Masks Interethnic Health Inequality.

Inequality research has often used non-Hispanic Whites as the reference category in measuring U.S. racial and ethnic health disparities, with less attention paid to diversity among Whites.

Utility of Ultrasound Surveillance for Thyroid Cancer in Children.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common pediatric endocrine malignancy. The utility of ultrasound (US) surveillance after initial treatment has not been clearly delineated. We sought to evaluate the clinical utility of US for the detection of residual or recurrent disease in pediatric patients with thyroid cancer beginning 1 year after initial therapy.

Facet-Dependent Cold Welding of Au Nanorods Revealed by Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Cold welding of metals at the nanoscale has been demonstrated to play a significant role in bottom-up manufacturing and self-healing processes of nanostructures and nanodevices. However, the welding mechanism at the nanoscale is not well understood. In this study, a comprehensive demonstration of the cold welding process of gold nanorods with different modes is presented through in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.

Three-dimensional differences in plantar surface shape captured by methods used for custom accommodative insole design.

Background: The patient-specific shape of custom accommodative insoles for individuals with diabetes provides full foot-to-insole contact, offloading areas with high plantar pressures and reducing ulceration risk. To design the insole surface, plantar surface shape is captured, traditionally with a foam crush box impression or more recently with 3D scans of the foot. Beyond discrete measurements of the foot, the overall plantar surface shapes obtained from these different methods have yet to be compared, however, differences in the shapes captured by these methods may affect the insole's surface geometry design and subsequent performance.

Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in children with HIV aged from 2 years and weighing at least 14 kg.

Introduction: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) was efficacious and well tolerated in children/adolescents with HIV (aged ≥6 years, weighing ≥25 kg) in a Phase 2/3 study. Here, we report data from children aged ≥2 years and weighing ≥14-<25 kg.

Methods: This is an analysis of data from the youngest cohort in an open-label, multicentre, multi-cohort, single-group, international study of children/adolescents with HIV.

Unraveling Various Sources of Particulates Matter in Air-Dust Samples Collected from North India Through Elemental Mapping and Concentration Correlation Using Micro-Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission Spectroscopy.

Particulate matter (PM) found in the air is one of the major sources of pollution and air-borne diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to examine the elemental concentration distribution of the PM to identify the pollutant sources. In this study, it has demonstrated the capabilities of micro-particle-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) spectroscopy in quantitative analysis of air samples collected from the Old Delhi outdoor market and indoor locations in the Panjab University hostel in the winter months.

Screening for Endocrine Bioactivity Potential of Tobacco Product Chemicals Including Flavor Chemicals.

Adolescence and pregnancy involve elevated levels of hormones (e.g., estrogen, androgen) during which exposure to endocrine disruptors could have long-term developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) effects.