N1 facilitation at short Inter-Stimulus-Interval (ISI) occurs under 400 ms and is dependent on ISI from previous sounds: Evidence using an unpredictable auditory stimulation sequence.

The N1 auditory evoked potential amplitude depends heavily on the inter-stimulus interval (ISI). Typically, shorter ISIs result in reduced N1 amplitudes, suggesting a decreased neural response with high stimulus presentation rates. However, an exception known as N1 facilitation occurs with very brief ISIs (∼150-500 ms), where the N1 amplitude increases.

miRNAome-metabolome wide association study reveals effects of miRNA regulation in eosinophilia and airflow obstruction in childhood asthma.

Background: There are important inter-relationships between miRNAs and metabolites: alterations in miRNA expression can be induced by various metabolic stimuli, and miRNAs play a regulatory role in numerous cellular processes, impacting metabolism. While both specific miRNAs and metabolites have been identified for their role in childhood asthma, there has been no global assessment of the combined effect of miRNAs and the metabolome in childhood asthma.

Methods: We performed miRNAome-metabolome-wide association studies ('miR-metabo-WAS') in two childhood cohorts of asthma to evaluate the contemporaneous and persistent miRNA-metabolite associations: 1) Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa Rica Study (GACRS) (N = 1121); 2) the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) (N = 312 and N = 454).

Lower Child Opportunity Index is Associated with Lower Exercise Capacity Post-Fontan Palliation.

The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a validated measurement that uses a composite index of 29 indicators of social determinants of health linked to the US Census. Patients post-Fontan palliation for single ventricle physiology often have reduced exercise capacity compared to the general population. Our hypothesis is that COI levels are directly associated with exercise capacity and inversely with late outcomes.

Engagement in moderate-intensity physical activity supports overnight memory retention in older adults.

Preserving the ability to vividly recall emotionally rich experiences contributes to quality of life in older adulthood. While prior works suggest that moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA) may bolster memory, it is unclear whether this extends to emotionally salient memories consolidated during sleep. In the current study, older adults (mean age = 72.

Oxidized phospholipid and transcriptomic signatures of THC-related vaping associated lung injury.

E-cigarette/vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI) is strongly associated with vitamin E acetate and often occurs with concomitant tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) use. To uncover pathways associated with EVALI, we examined cytokines, transcriptomic signatures, and lipidomic profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from THC-EVALI patients. At a single center, we prospectively enrolled mechanically ventilated patients with EVALI from THC-containing products (N = 4) and patients with non-vaping acute lung injury and airway controls (N = 5).

Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury.

Objective: To identify risk factors for clinically-important drowning-associated lung injury (ciDALI) in children.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of children (0 through18 years) who presented to 32 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 through 2017. We reviewed demographics, comorbidities, prehospital data, chest radiographs reports, and ED course from emergency medical services, medical, and fatality records.

A Novel Technique for Femoral Stem Extraction Through the Direct Anterior Approach: The Medial Episiotomy With Anterior Transfemoral Osteotomy.

This report describes a medial calcar episiotomy with partial anterior transfemoral osteotomy of the proximal femur to aid in removal of a femoral component in setting of revision total hip arthroplasty through a direct anterior approach. Revision total hip arthroplasty is challenging, labor-intensive, and carries high complication rates. Previously described techniques such as extended trochanteric osteotomies can be utilized to facilitate removal of fixed femoral stems.

Inactivation of the SLC25A1 gene during embryogenesis induces a unique senescence program controlled by p53.

Germline inactivating mutations of the SLC25A1 gene contribute to various human disorders, including Velocardiofacial (VCFS), DiGeorge (DGS) syndromes and combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L-2HGA), a severe systemic disease characterized by the accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2HG). The mechanisms by which SLC25A1 loss leads to these syndromes remain largely unclear. Here, we describe a mouse model of SLC25A1 deficiency that mimics human VCFS/DGS and D/L-2HGA.

Optimizing Ewing Sarcoma and Osteosarcoma Biopsy Acquisition: A Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee Consensus Statement.

Trends in diagnostic biopsy sample collection approaches for primary bone sarcomas have shifted in the past 2 decades. Although open/incisional biopsies used to be the predominant approach to obtain diagnostic material for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, image-guided core needle biopsies have increased in frequency and are safe for patients. These procedures are less invasive and reduce recovery times but have potential limitations.

Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020.

Importance: Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.

Objective: To investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020.

Knee pain and function in retired male intercounty GAA players: an exploratory study.

Background: Knee injuries are common among elite intercounty Gaelic games players (collectively GAA players).

Aims: The primary aim was to examine knee pain, function, and quality of life in retired elite male GAA players. Secondary objectives were to (i) report the incidence of previous knee surgery and total knee replacement, (ii) assess medication usage, and (iii) investigate any associations between a history of knee injury and/or knee surgery and knee pain, function, and quality of life among retired elite male GAA players.

Real-world use of integrated intraoperative OCT in pediatric cataract.

Purpose: To study the utility of integrated intraoperative OCT (i2OCT) in pediatric patients with cataracts in the real world.

Methods: It was a retrospective case series. We included patients aged 0-12 years with unilateral or bilateral cataracts who underwent cataract surgery or membranectomy for visual axis opacification between July 2022 and December 2023, where intraoperative OCT was used.

The Reproducibility and Reliability of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Indices in Children and Adolescents.

Context: Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices can be useful tools in understanding insulin homeostasis in children at risk for diabetes. There have been few studies examining the reproducibility of these measures in pediatrics.

Objective: To determine whether fasting or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived insulin measures would be more reproducible and whether there would be differences based on weight, sex, race, and pubertal status.

Impact of kidney allocation system 250 policy on 1-year graft loss.

A new deceased donor kidney allocation system (KAS250) was implemented in March 2021 that prioritizes recipients within a 250-nautical mile radius of the donor hospital. KAS250 was implemented to reduce geographic disparities in access to kidney transplantation. Studies have shown an increase in cold ischemia time (CIT) after KAS250 implementation but the impact on graft outcomes is unknown.

Immunogenicity, Reactogenicity, and Safety of a Pentavalent Meningococcal ABCWY Vaccine in Adolescents and Young Adults who had Previously Received a Meningococcal ACWY Vaccine: Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Study.

Background: A MenABCWY vaccine containing 4CMenB and MenACWY-CRM vaccine components has been developed to protect against the five meningococcal serogroups that cause most invasive disease cases.

Methods: In this phase 3 study (NCT04707391), healthy participants aged 15-25 years, who had received MenACWY vaccination ≥4 years previously, were randomized (1:1) to receive two MenABCWY doses six months apart or one MenACWY-CRM dose. Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of MenABCWY 1 month post-vaccination versus MenACWY-CRM, with a lower limit of 2-sided 95% confidence interval above -10% for group differences in 4-fold rise in human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers against serogroups ACWY, and to evaluate reactogenicity and safety.

Targeted degradation of oncogenic KRASG12V triggers antitumor immunity in lung cancer models.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, with G12C and G12V being the most predominant forms. Recent breakthroughs in KRASG12C inhibitors have transformed the clinical management of patients with G12C mutation and advanced our understanding of its function. However, little is known about the targeted disruption of KRASG12V, partly due to a lack of specific inhibitors.

Phenotypic traits and family history in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and generalized epilepsy: A multicenter case-control study.

Objective: This study was undertaken to characterize the clinical and genetic features of patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and generalized epilepsy compared with 22q11.

is implicated in central nervous system, orofacial and maxillofacial anomalies.

Background: Previous studies in mouse, and zebrafish embryos show strong expression in progenitor cells of neuronal and neural crest tissues suggesting its involvement in neural crest specification. However, the role of human transcription factor activator protein 2 ( in human embryonic central nervous system (CNS), orofacial and maxillofacial development is unknown.

Methods: Through a collaborative work, exome survey was performed in families with congenital CNS, orofacial and maxillofacial anomalies.

Phase II trial of blood-brain barrier permeable peptide-paclitaxel conjugate ANG1005 in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma.

Background: This study is a phase II clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable peptide-paclitaxel conjugate ANG1005 in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG) (NCT01967810).

Methods: Seventy-three patients were enrolled in 3 separate arms-recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) (Arm 1), bevacizumab refractory GBM (Arm 2), and grade 3 anaplastic gliomas (AGs) (Arm 3). The study was started in October 2013, and the data were locked on September 29, 2017.

Progress and Gaps in Respiratory Disease Research and Treatment: Highlights of the IRM 2024 in Shanghai.

Respiratory diseases pose a major public health challenge globally, necessitating collaborative efforts between basic researchers and clinicians for effective solutions. China, which is heavily impacted by a broad spectrum of respiratory disorders, has made notable strides in both research and clinical management of these diseases. The International Respiratory Medicine (IRM) meeting was organized with the primary goal of facilitating the exchange of recent research developments and promoting collaboration between Chinese and American scientists in both basic and clinical research fields.

Caring for young adult men with inflammatory bowel disease: Clinician and patient perspectives.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unique challenges for young adult men that extend beyond physical symptoms, encompassing psychosocial dimensions affecting all aspects of life. This article draws insights from a roundtable discussion facilitated by the Crohn's and Colitis Young Adults Network (CCYAN), focusing on the experiences of young men living with IBD. It sheds light on the intersections of IBD and men's sexual and reproductive health, fertility, and mental well-being while identifying gaps in care.

Consensus Preconception Educational Domains for People With Mobility Disabilities: A Delphi Study.

Background: Preconception health education is critical to improve pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but people with mobility disabilities have specific, often unique issues related to preparing for pregnancy. This study sought to develop consensus-based domains for a preconception education curriculum for people with mobility disabilities.

Methods: We used a mixed methods approach, including a literature review and a Delphi method to develop consensus.

Factors associated with placebo response rate in randomized controlled trials of antiseizure medications for focal epilepsy.

Objective: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of novel treatments for epilepsy. However, there have been concerning increases in the placebo responder rate over time. To understand these trends, we evaluated features associated with increased placebo responder rate.

Insulin clearance at randomisation and in response to treatment in youth with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the TODAY randomised clinical trial.

Aims/hypothesis: Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia are core features leading to beta cell failure in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. Insulin clearance (IC) is also a key regulator of insulin concentrations, but few data exist on IC in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. In a secondary analysis of our Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) randomised clinical trial, we investigated potential sex-, race-, ethnicity- and treatment-related differences in IC in youth-onset type 2 diabetes and aimed to identify metabolic phenotypes associated with IC at baseline and in response to metformin, metformin plus a lifestyle intervention, and metformin plus rosiglitazone.