Neoadjuvant or concurrent atezolizumab with chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a randomized phase I trial.

Combined immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chemoradiation (CRT) is approved in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) but optimal sequencing of CRT and ICB is unknown. NRG-GY017 (NCT03738228) was a randomized phase I trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) neoadjuvant and concurrent with CRT (Arm A) vs. concurrent with CRT (Arm B) in patients with high-risk node-positive LACC.

The Incidence and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Disease in Critically Ill Children.

Background: Acute kidney disease (AKD) includes abnormalities of kidney function present for <90 days. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a subset of AKD, with onset within seven days. There is scant data on the rates of AKD in children and its association with outcomes.

Neighborhood economic segregation and cognitive decline among midlife women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation.

Background: Neighborhood context includes conditions of the environment where people spend their time (e.g., work, play, seek health care) and it may affect residents’ cognitive health.

PLASMA BD‐TAU AS A SPECIFIC CORRELATE OF DISEASE SEVERITY AND DYNAMIC ACROSS THE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SPECTRUM.

Background: The identification of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant challenge, particularly for the clinical severity of the disease. Recent studies have shown that plasma brain‐derived‐tau (BD‐Tau) could be a promising biomarker for the identification of AD‐type neurodegeneration. This study aimed to investigate the potential of BD‐Tau in differentiating various clinical stages of AD, ranging from cognitively unimpaired AD to severe dementia AD.

Association Between Early Immunosuppression Center Variability and One-Year Outcomes After Pediatric Liver Transplant.

Background: Despite the existence of institutional protocols, liver transplant centers often have variability in early immunosuppression practices. We aimed to measure within-center variability in early immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplant (LT) and examine its association with one-year outcomes.

Methods: We analyzed pediatric LTs from 2013 to 2018 in the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, with data aggregated by center.

Prevention of Infections Among Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Asplenia or Hyposplenism.

Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients with splenic dysfunction are at increased risk for infections, and tailored guidance on the management of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients is often lacking. The purpose of this article is to provide practice recommendations via a frequently asked questions (FAQs) format that focuses on three main domains: the identification of asplenia/hyposplenism among SOT recipients/candidates, prophylactic strategies for mitigating the risk of invasive disease associated with splenic dysfunction in the context of transplantation, and the provision of appropriate patient counseling on the risks associated with asplenia/hyposplenism. Answers to the FAQs are based on international expert opinion informed by practices for managing splenic dysfunction and associated data in other populations with asplenia.

Expression of vesiculation-related genes is associated with a tumor-promoting microenvironment: a pan-cancer analysis.

Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) released by tumor cells (tumor-derived sEV; TEX) mediate intercellular communication between tumor and non-malignant cells and were shown to impact disease progression. This study investigates the relationship between the expression levels of the vesiculation-related genes linked to sEV production and the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Methods: Two independent gene sets were analyzed, both previously linked to sEV production in various non-malignant or malignant cells.

Enterovirus and Parechovirus Neurologic Infections in Children: Clinical Presentations and Neuropathogenesis.

Enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (PeVs) are common pathogens of childhood. Enteroviral infections cause a range of clinical syndromes from mild illness to neurologic manifestations of meningitis, encephalitis, and acute flaccid myelitis. Disease manifestations are driven by a combination of viral replication and host immune response.

Differential impact of TIM-3 ligands on NK cell function.

Background: The transmembrane protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is expressed by a variety of leukocyte subsets, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. An effective TIM-3-targeting therapy should account for multiple biological factors, including the disease setting, the specific cell types involved and their varying sensitivities to the four putative TIM-3 ligands (galectin-9, phosphatidylserine, high mobility group protein B1 and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), each of which engages a unique binding site on the receptor's variable immunoglobulin domain. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and function of TIM-3 natural killer (NK) cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), determine whether the four TIM-3 ligands differentially affect TIM-3 NK cell functions, identify the most immunosuppressive ligand, and evaluate whether targeting ligand-mediated TIM-3 signaling enhances NK cell effector functions.

Understanding parental choices related to infant sleep practices in the United States using a mixed methods approach.

Background: This study aimed to gather information about parental practices, knowledge, and attitudes regarding infant sleep habits and environments, among families who practice non-recommended sleep practices.

Methods: We conducted one-on-one phone interviews with parents who had practiced non-recommended sleep methods with their infant and had or had not experienced an undesirable sleep event such as a fall. Interviews were recorded and coded with MAXQDA software.

Vitamin B, B, and B Intakes and Risk of Gastric Cancer: Findings from a Case-Control Study.

Background/objectives: Gastric cancer is one of the leading malignancies worldwide. B vitamins play important roles in DNA synthesis and methylation because they are considered co-enzymes in one-carbon metabolism. There is inconclusive evidence regarding the associations between dietary vitamins B, B, and B with the risk of gastric cancer in different epidemiologic studies.

Assessing Educational Impact of Worldwide Webinar on Management of Myopia Progression in Children.

Objective: To assess the educational impact of a worldwide webinar approach to myopia progression management in children <8 years and 8-12 years old.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: A self-administered survey was conducted for attendees of a 3 h worldwide webinar held in two parts on consecutive days on the management of myopia progression in children.

JP4-039 Mitigates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Blocking Apoptosis and Ferroptosis in Mice.

Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of a wide array of cancers. Due to its active transport into the kidney proximal tubule cells, cisplatin treatment can cause a buildup of this nephrotoxic compound in the kidney, resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI). About 30% of patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy develop cisplatin-induced AKI.

Disparities in Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.

Objective: To evaluate factors impacting access to and timing of surgery in patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single academic medical center.

Correction of meta-analysis after retraction of article on the effects of anti-androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.

Evaluation of Factors Associated With Short-term Failure After Primary Isolated PCL Reconstruction: A Study of Patients From the Swedish and Norwegian Knee Ligament Registries.

Background: The rate of subjective failure after isolated primary posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (PCL-R) is relatively high, requiring an improved understanding of factors associated with inferior outcomes.

Purpose: To determine the association between patient and injury-related factors and total (surgical and clinical) failure at 2 years after PCL-R based on data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry (SNKLR) and the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry (NKLR).

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Auditory sensory processing measures using EEG and MEG predict symptom recovery in first-episode psychosis with a single-tone paradigm.

Predicting symptom progression in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is crucial for tailoring treatment and improving outcomes. Temporal lobe function, indicated by neurophysiological biomarkers like N100, predicts symptom progression and correlates with untreated psychosis. Our recent report showed that source-localized magnetoencephalography (MEG) M100 responses to tones in an oddball paradigm predicted recovery in FEP positive symptoms.

Meniscal forces and knee kinematics are affected by tibial slope modifying high tibial osteotomy.

Purpose: To quantify the effect of increasing the posterior tibial slope (PTS) on knee kinematics and the resultant medial and lateral meniscal forces.

Methods: In this controlled laboratory study, a 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) robotic testing system was used to apply external loading conditions to seven fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees: (1) 200-N axial compressive load, (2) 5-N m internal tibial +10-N m valgus torque and (3) 5-N m external tibial + 10-N m varus torque. Knee kinematics and the resultant medial and lateral meniscal forces were acquired for two PTS states: (1) native PTS and (2) increased PTS.

Temporal Dynamics of Affective Scene Processing in the Healthy Adult Human Brain.

Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.

Using language to evaluate curricular impact: a novel approach in assessing clinical reasoning curricula.

Objectives: Published clinical reasoning curricula are limited, and measuring curricular impact has proven difficult. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a broad-reaching, multi-level reasoning curricula by measuring utilization of clinical reasoning terminology in published abstracts.

Methods: In 2014, the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) created a clinical reasoning curriculum with interventions at the student, resident, and faculty levels with the goal of bringing reasoning education to the forefront.

Incidence of Adjacent Synchronous Ipsilateral Infiltrating Carcinoma and/or Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Patients Diagnosed with Flat Epithelial Atypia by Core Needle Biopsy (TBCRC 034).

Background: Flat epithelial atypia (FEA), a rare breast proliferative lesion, is often diagnosed following core biopsy (CB) of mammographic microcalcifications. In the prospective multi-institution TBCRC 034 trial, we investigate the upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive cancer following excision for patients diagnosed with FEA on CB.

Patients And Methods: Patients with a breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) ≤ 4 imaging abnormality and a concordant CB diagnosis of FEA were identified for excision.

Insomnia in older adults: A review of treatment options.

Insomnia is a common and challenging complaint in older adults (> 65 years) because of age-related alterations in sleep physiology. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is the gold standard for treatment of insomnia in young as well as older patients. Both clinicians and patients often prefer the simplicity of medication, but risks associated with some hypnotics increase with age.