INCREASED CITRULLINATED HISTONE H3 LEVELS AND ACCELERATED THROMBIN KINETICS IN TRAUMA PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM.

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and its formation and release, known as NETosis, may play a role in the initiation of thrombin generation (TG) in trauma. The objective of this study was to assess whether trauma patients, who develop symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE), have increased levels of plasma citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) and accelerated TG kinetics.

Methods: Patients presenting to a Level I Trauma Center as trauma activations had samples collected within 12 hours of time of injury (TOI), alongside healthy volunteers (HV).

Low-Pass Whole Genome Sequencing of Cell-Free DNA from Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Focus on Pediatric Central Nervous System Tumors.

Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) technology has allowed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a previously underutilized biofluid, to be analyzed in new ways. The interrogation of CSF-derived cfDNA is giving rise to novel molecular insights, particularly in pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors, where invasive tumor tissue acquisition may be challenging. Contemporary disease monitoring is currently restricted to radiographic surveillance by magnetic resonance imaging and CSF cytology to directly detect abnormal cells and cell clusters.

Diffusion-weighted MRI-Derived ADC and tumor volume as predictive imaging markers for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: This prospective study tested the hypothesis that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and tumor volume (TV) measured in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) before, during, and after the treatment are quantitative imaging markers to assess tumor response in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: Multi-parametric MRI was prospectively done for MIBC patients at 3 time points. Pre-treatment ADC value, pre-treatment TV, as well as, percent of changes (ΔADC%, and ΔTV%) in these parameters at mid- and post-treatment relative to baseline were calculated and compared between the patients with and without clinical complete response (CR).

Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence based guideline on neuropathology for WHO grade II diffuse glioma: update.

Unlabelled: QUESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE PRIOR VERSION OF THESE GUIDELINES WITHOUT CHANGE: TARGET POPULATION: Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who have suspected low-grade diffuse glioma.

Question: What are the optimal neuropathological techniques to diagnose low-grade diffuse glioma in the adult?

Recommendation: Level I Histopathological analysis of a representative surgical sample of the lesion should be used to provide the diagnosis of low-grade diffuse glioma. Level III Both frozen section and cytopathologic/smear evaluation should be used to aid the intra-operative assessment of low-grade diffuse glioma diagnosis.

Protest-related injuries during the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone protest in Seattle, Washington, USA in 2020.

Introduction: George Floyd's death in 2020 galvanised large protests around the country, including the emergence of the Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (CHAZ) in Seattle, Washington, a non-policed, organised protest region that may have differing injury risks than other regions. We sought to quantitatively describe characteristics of injuries related to protests documented at visits to two nearby major emergency departments, including the only Level 1 trauma centre in the state.

Methods: Using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code inclusion criteria, we identified 1938 unique patient visits across the two emergency departments from 29 May 2020 and 1 July 2020.

Tirzepatide Associated With Reduced Albuminuria in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis From the Randomized Active- and Placebo-Controlled SURPASS-1-5 Clinical Trials.

Objective: Tirzepatide, a long-acting, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk in the SURPASS-4 trial. To examine the generalizability of these findings, we assessed change from baseline in UACR for tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) compared with active and placebo treatment in a broad population from the SURPASS-1-5 trials.

Research Design And Methods: This post hoc analysis examined data from the overall pooled SURPASS-1-5 population and subgroups defined by baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g.

Post-translational modifications on protein VII are important during the early stages of adenovirus infection.

Unlabelled: Due to the importance of post-translational modification (PTM) in cellular function, viruses have evolved to both take advantage of and be susceptible to such modification. Adenovirus encodes a multifunctional protein called protein VII, which is packaged with the viral genome in the core of virions and disrupts host chromatin during infection. Protein VII has several PTMs whose addition contributes to the subnuclear localization of protein VII.

Patient acceptability of intra-amniotic digoxin versus intracardiac lidocaine for inducing foetal demise prior to second trimester medical abortion: a prospective cohort.

Objective: To compare patient acceptability of inducing foetal demise procedures between intracardiac lidocaine and intra-amniotic digoxin administration prior to second trimester medical abortion.

Methods: We enrolled a prospective cohort of women who received either intra-cardiac lidocaine or intra-amniotic digoxin during second trimester medical abortion at later gestation (20-28 weeks) at our centre between April 2023 and March 2024. Data were collected prospectively using a structured questionnaire.

Sports after single-suture synostosis surgery: a survey of Synostosis Research Group members.

Objective: Patients with a history of surgery for single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) as an infant often wish to participate in sports later in childhood. However, there are no established guidelines from neurosurgeons and craniofacial surgeons to guide parents in which sports their child should or should not participate. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and practice patterns of experienced neurosurgeons and craniofacial surgeons regarding the counseling of caregivers of these patients about sports participation.

High-dose intravenous BCG vaccination induces enhanced immune signaling in the airways.

Intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely administered vaccine, but it does not sufficiently protect adults against pulmonary tuberculosis. Recent studies in nonhuman primates show that intravenous BCG administration offers superior protection against (). We used single-cell analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from rhesus macaques vaccinated via different routes and doses of BCG to identify alterations in the immune ecosystem in the airway following vaccination.

Developing an Implementation Model for ADHD Intervention in Community Clinics: Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Digital Technology.

Implementation of behavior therapy for ADHD faces challenges in community settings. We describe development of a community-based implementation model for adolescent ADHD behavior therapy (Supporting Teens' Autonomy Daily; STAND) blended with Motivational Interviewing (MI). A stakeholder-engaged development approach is used based on the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) framework.

Research priorities for improving cognitive and neuropsychological outcomes in hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder that impacts approximately 85 per 100,000 individuals worldwide and is associated with motor and cognitive impairments. While many advances in surgical interventions have helped substantially improve the survival rates and quality of life of those affected, there continues to be significant gaps in our understanding of the etiology of this heterogeneous condition as well as its specific neuropsychological and functional challenges across different phases of life. To address these limitations, the Hydrocephalus Association and Rudi Schulte Research Institute organized a workshop titled, "Improving Cognitive and Psychological Outcomes in Hydrocephalus", composed of top academics in the fields of hydrocephalus, cognition, and neuropsychology, as well as individuals with hydrocephalus or their caregivers.

The Perceived Impact of Global Surgery Engagement on Career Advancement among US Medical Students.

Introduction: There is growing interest among medical institutions to formalize global surgery training. Understanding medical students' perceptions of how global surgery engagement can enhance career advancement is essential for providing appropriate guidance and support for individuals with aspirations in academic global surgery.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of US-based medical students from 38 participating schools was performed.

Visual Exploration and the Primate Hippocampal Formation.

During the 1990s and early 2000s, research in humans and in the nonhuman primate model of human amnesia revealed that tasks involving free viewing of images provided an exceptionally sensitive measure of recognition memory. Performance on these tasks was sensitive to damage restricted to the hippocampus as well as to damage that included medial temporal lobe cortices. Early work in my laboratory used free-viewing tasks to assess the neurophysiological correlates of recognition memory, and the use of naturalistic visual exploration opened rich avenues to assess other aspects of the impact of eye movements on neural activity in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex.

Comparison of age-related decline in C57BL/6J and CB6F1J male mice.

Variability in physical resilience to aging prompts a comprehensive examination of underlying mechanisms across organs and individuals. We conducted a detailed exploration of behavioral and physiological differences between male C57BL/6J and male CB6F1J mice across various age groups (4, 12, 20, 24 months). In behavioral assays, C57BL/6J mice displayed superior performance in rotarod tasks but higher anxiety while CB6F1J mice exhibited a decline in short-term memory with age.

Factors Associated with Pediatric Drowning-Associated Lung Injury.

Objective: To identify risk factors for clinically-important drowning-associated lung injury (ciDALI) in children.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of children (0 through18 years) who presented to 32 pediatric emergency departments (EDs) from 2010 through 2017. We reviewed demographics, comorbidities, prehospital data, chest radiographs reports, and ED course from emergency medical services, medical, and fatality records.

Feasibility of newborn screening for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.

Background: Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE-ALDH7A1) is a developmental epileptic encephalopathy historically characterized by seizures that are resistant to antiseizure medications. Treatment with pyridoxine and lysine reduction therapies are associated with seizure control and improved developmental outcomes. In rare circumstances, patients have died prior to diagnosis and treatment with pyridoxine, and many patients are diagnosed after six months of age when lysine reduction therapies have limited efficacy.

Donor site morbidity of upper extremity flaps in head and neck reconstruction.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study aims to compare donor site morbidity of three commonly used upper extremity flaps used in head and neck reconstructive surgery: scapular tip free flap (STFF), radial forearm free flap (RFFF), and pectoralis major pedicled flap (PMPF).

Methods: The billing database of an urban, academic, tertiary otolaryngology practice was queried to identify patients who underwent STFF, RFFF, and PMPF from 2020 to 2023. The primary outcome was identification of donor site pain and need for physical therapy (PT) referral after undergoing reconstruction.

Functional MRI for bilingual epilepsy surgery patients: serving a diverse pediatric cohort.

Objective: Functional MRI (fMRI) helps with the identification of eloquent cortex to assist with function preservation in patients who undergo epilepsy surgery. Language and memory tasks can even be used effectively in clinically involved pediatric patients. Most pediatric studies report on English speaking-only cohorts from English-dominant countries, yet languages other than English (LOEs) are increasingly prevalent in countries such as the US.