Aduhelm, a novel anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: A comprehensive review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia affecting millions of individuals, including family members who often take on the role of caregivers. This debilitating disease reportedly consumes 8% of the total United States healthcare expenditure, with medical and nursing outlays accounting for an estimated $290 billion. Cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists have historically been the most widely used pharmacologic therapies for patients with AD; however, these drugs are not curative.

Advances in Antifungal Development: Discovery of New Drugs and Drug Repurposing.

This Special Issue of describes recent advances accomplished in the field of antifungal development, especially the discovery of new drugs and drug repurposing [...

Role of TRAIL-R in Primary and Secondary Genital and Respiratory Chlamydia muridarum Infections in Mice.

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) suppresses inflammation and could therefore affect the course of Chlamydia infections and their long-term sequelae. Wild-type (WT) and C57BL/6 mice were inoculated vaginally with Chlamydia muridarum; the course of the infection was followed with vaginal cultures and the presence of hydrosalpinx determined. To evaluate the role of TRAIL-R following a secondary infection, the mice were vaginally reinfected.

Coincidence ion pair production (cipp) spectroscopy of diiodine.

Coincidence ion pair production (I + I) (cipp) spectra of I were recorded in a double imaging coincidence experiment in the one-photon excitation region of 71 600-74 000 cm. The I + I coincidence signal shows vibrational band head structure corresponding to iodine molecule Rydberg states crossing over to ion-pair (II) potential curves above the dissociation limit. The band origin (), vibrational wavenumber () and anharmonicity constants () were determined for the identified Rydberg states.

Unimolecular isomerisation of 1,5-hexadiyne observed by threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy.

The unimolecular isomerisation of the prompt propargyl + propargyl "head-to-head" adduct, 1,5-hexadiyne, to fulvene and benzene by the 3,4-dimethylenecyclobut-1-ene (DMCB) intermediate (all CH) was studied in the high-pressure limit by threshold photoelectron (TPE) spectroscopy. TPE spectra (TPES) were recorded with photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation. Reference TPES, obtained using pure compounds or judiciously extracted from the pyrolysis data, served as basis functions for pyrolysis quantification.

Neural network approach to evaluate the physical properties of dentin.

This study intended to evaluate the effects of inorganic trace elements such as magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn) on root canal dentin using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The authors obtained three hundred extracted human premolars from type II diabetic individuals and divided them into three groups according to the solutions used (Mg, Sr, or Zn). The authors subdivided the specimens for each experimental group into five subgroups according to the duration for which the authors soaked the teeth in the solution: 0 (control group), 1, 2, 5, and 10 min (n = 20).

Characterization of the Blood-Feeding Patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in San Bernardino County, California.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic disease that is endemic in North America and is known to cause a range of symptoms from mild to life threatening in humans. Culex quinquefasciatus is one of the most prominent vectors of WNV in Southern California. The goal of this study was to identify which animal species are most fed upon by these mosquitoes in various habitats in the West Valley area of San Bernardino County, California, and determine the relationship between blood-feeding patterns and WNV activity in the region.

Effects of Frankincense Compounds on Infection, Inflammation, and Oral Health.

trees, found throughout the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, are the source of frankincense oil. Since antiquity, frankincense has been traded as a precious commodity, but it has also been used for the treatment of chronic disease, inflammation, oral health, and microbial infection. More recently, the bioactive components of trees have been identified and characterized for their effects on cancer, microbial infection (especially infection by oral pathogens), and inflammation.

Monodisperse Gold Nanoparticles: A Review on Synthesis and Their Application in Modern Medicine.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are becoming increasingly popular as drug carriers due to their unique properties such as size tenability, multivalency, low toxicity and biocompatibility. AuNPs have physical features that distinguish them from bulk materials, small molecules and other nanoscale particles. Their unique combination of characteristics is just now being fully realized in various biomedical applications.

Fixed prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome supported by a Quad Zygoma Approach: A clinical report.

Papillon-Lefevere syndrome (PLS) is a rare disorder with severe oral manifestations resulting in premature tooth loss at an early stage of life. As a result, extensive bone resorption pattern in the maxilla negates conventional implant treatment in the majority of cases. This clinical report describes a prosthetic rehabilitation revision of a 26-year-old female diagnosed with PLS using an implant supported fixed complete denture with a quad zygoma approach.

Virtual Interview Day: An AEGD's approach and assessment of interviewing during a pandemic.

Purpose: A novel approach to interviewing for Advanced Education in General Dentistry residency positions became necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. An efficient, virtual interview schedule, including video faculty introductions and clinic tour, was devised and executed to replace in-person interviews. The purpose of this study was to describe and assess this new way of managing virtual interviews.

Guidelines for Medical Immobilization/Protective Stabilization for Your Practice.

Many patients with special healthcare needs present to medical, dental, and other health visits with behavioral, emotional, postural, and psychological issues. According to the American Academy of Developmental Medicine and Dentistry (AADMD) guidelines from 2017: "Clinical dental treatment is the most exacting and demanding medical procedure that persons with special needs undergo on a regular basis throughout their lifetime." Moreover, dental treatment is basically surgical in nature, usually requiring controlled placement of sharpened instruments in intimate proximity to the face, airway, and highly vascularized and innervated oral tissues.

Two (or more) for one: Identifying classes of household energy- and water-saving measures to understand the potential for positive spillover.

A key component of behavior-based energy conservation programs is the identification of target behaviors. A common approach is to target behaviors with the greatest energy-saving potential. The concept of behavioral spillover introduces further considerations, namely that adoption of one energy-saving behavior may increase (or decrease) the likelihood of other energy-saving behaviors.

Diabetes Mellitus Affects the Microhardness of Root Dentine: An in-vitro Study.

Objective: This study was undertaken to compare microhardness and erosion susceptibility of root dentine in teeth extracted from diabetic and non-diabetic donors after the application of different root canal irrigants.

Methods: Forty-eight single-rooted premolars with single canals (24 each from diabetic and non-diabetic) were selected, and root canals were shaped by using rotary ProTaper files. Dentine slices of 4 mm were transversely sectioned from the middle root third.

17β-Estradiol Treatment Improves Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation of Mesenteric Arteries in Ovariectomized UC Davis Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats in Prediabetic State.

We recently reported sex differences in mesenteric arterial function of the UC Davis type-2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats as early as the prediabetic state. We reported that mesenteric arteries (MA) from prediabetic male rats exhibited a greater impairment compared to that in prediabetic females. However, when females became diabetic, they exhibited a greater vascular dysfunction than males.

Adopting artificial intelligence in dental education: A model for academic leadership and innovation.

Introduction: The continual evolution of dental education, dental practice and the delivery of optimal oral health care is rooted in the practice of leadership. This paper explores opportunities and challenges facing dental education with a specific focus on incorporating the use of artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods: Using the model in Bolman and Deal's Reframing Organizations, the Four Frames model serves as a road map for building infrastructure within dental schools for the adoption of AI.

Competent Cell Preparation and Transformation of Pichia pastoris.

During the past three decades, the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (recently reclassified as Komagataella phaffii) has gained widespread acceptance as a system of choice for heterologous protein expression. One of the reasons that this yeast is used so frequently is the simplicity of techniques required for its molecular genetic manipulation. There are several different protocols available for introducing DNA into P.

Beyond "Exercise as Medicine" in Physical Therapy: Toward the Promotion of Exercise as a Public Good.

Physical therapists are uniquely positioned through their knowledge and skills to help people become more physically active, which may reduce the consequences of physical inactivity for health-related quality of life and the global economy. The "Exercise Is Medicine" campaign was introduced in 2007. It holds that exercise may be prescribed like a medicine.

When might we break the rules? A statistical analysis of aesthetics in photographs.

High-quality photographs often follow certain high-level rules well known to photographers, but some photographs intentionally break these rules. Doing so is usually a matter of artistry and intuition, and the conditions and patterns that allow for rule-breaks are often not well articulated by photographers. This article first applies statistical techniques to help find and evaluate rule-breaking photographs, and then from these photographs discover those patterns that justify their rule-breaking.

Combination Olanzapine and Samidorphan for the Management of Schizophrenia and Bipolar 1 Disorder in Adults: A Narrative Review.

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychotic disorder characterized by positive symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts, and negative symptoms like lack of effect or motivation. Bipolar 1 disorder (B1D) is a psychiatric illness characterized by recurrent manic episodes in alternation with depressive episodes and interspersed periods of euthymia, ultimately resulting in psychological distress and impairment of daily functioning. Effective treatments are needed for both schizophrenia and B1D to reach the treatment goals of reducing the debilitating symptomology, improving social functioning and quality of life, and increasing the chances of recovery and more favorable long-term outcomes.

pitolisant, a novel histamine-3 receptor competitive antagonist, and inverse agonist, in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in adult patients with narcolepsy.

Narcolepsy is a debilitating sleep disorder that presents with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy, which is a sudden paralysis of muscle tone triggered by strong emotions such as laughing. It is also associated with many other disorders, including psychiatric disorders, neurologic illnesses, and medication side effects. Common causes of delayed and incorrect diagnoses of these conditions include lack of physician familiarity with narcolepsy symptoms and comorbidities which mask narcolepsy signs and symptoms.

Opicapone, a Novel Catechol-O-methyl Transferase Inhibitor, for Treatment of Parkinson's Disease "Off" Episodes.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of disability. It causes significant morbidity and disability through a plethora of symptoms, including movement disorders, sleep disturbances, and cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. The traditional pathogenesis theory of PD involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN).

Peripherally restricted transthyretin-based delivery system for probes and therapeutics avoiding opioid-related side effects.

Several investigations into the sites of action of opioid analgesics have utilized peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs), which have been incorrectly assumed to possess limited permeability across the blood-brain barrier. Unfortunately, the poor pharmacokinetic properties of current PAMORAs have resulted in misunderstandings of the role of central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract in precipitating side effects such as opioid-induced constipation. Here, we develop a drug delivery approach for restricting the passage of small molecules across the blood-brain barrier.