Immediate postplacental intrauterine device placement: retrospective cohort study of expulsion and associated risk factors.

Background: Postpartum contraception is typically provided during postpartum visits. When desired and accessible, the immediate postpartum period provides an additional opportunity to increase the use of more effective contraceptive methods to potentially reduce subsequent unintended pregnancies and improve pregnancy outcomes. In New York State, recent policy changes expanded Medicaid coverage to include immediate postplacental intrauterine device insertion.

Epigenetic and Metabolic Landscape of Dementia with Lewy Bodies.

Background: Lewy body diseases, including dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are characterized by α-synuclein accumulation, leading to dementia. Previous studies suggest distinct epigenetic and metabolomic profiles in DLB.

Objective: This study aims to identify diagnostic biomarkers by analyzing the methylome and metabolome in the Brodmann area 7 of postmortem brain tissues from DLB patients and control subjects using multiomics approaches.

Enhancing toxicity prediction for natural products in herbal medicine and dietary supplements: Integrating (Q)STR models and in vitro assays.

New approach methods (NAMs) are required to predict human toxicity effectively, particularly due to limitations in conducting in vivo studies. While NAMs have been established for various industries, such as cosmetics, pesticides, and drugs, their applications in natural products (NPs) are lacking. NPs' complexity (multiple ingredients and structural differences from synthetic compounds) complicates NAM development.

Estimated Vaccine Effectiveness for Pediatric Patients With Severe Influenza, 2015-2020.

Importance: Increasing the understanding of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against levels of severe influenza in children could help increase uptake of influenza vaccination and strengthen vaccine policies globally.

Objective: To investigate VE in children by severity of influenza illness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study with a test-negative design used data from 8 participating medical centers located in geographically different US states in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network from November 6, 2015, through April 8, 2020.

Infectious keratitis in Western New York: a 10-year review of patient demographics, clinical management, and treatment failure.

Background: Infectious keratitis (IK) is a blinding disease and an important cause of ocular morbidity. Understanding regional trends in IK are important to understand the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of this disease.

Methods: In this 10-year retrospective review, patient characteristics including sociodemographic factors, medical history, and ocular history were collected as well as the clinical course and outcomes.

Patient- and Caregiver-Reported Impact of Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia.

Background And Objectives: In preparation for future clinical trials involving individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia, it is important to ascertain the widespread impact of symptoms from the direct perspectives of patients and caregivers. In this study, we performed cross-sectional surveys using large-scale patient and caregiver data to identify the prevalence and average impact of symptoms and symptomatic themes experienced by adults with AD, MCI, and dementia. Subsequent analyses were used to determine which demographic and disease-specific factors are associated with more severe disease.

Improving Firearm Screening and Safe Storage Counseling in a Primary Care Pediatric Practice.

We conducted a quality improvement (QI) study to increase rates of firearm screening/safety counseling by 25% over 10 months for children (4-18 years) at preventive visits in an academic continuity clinic. Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles consisted of 1) (January 2023) educating providers about best practices for screening, safe storage counseling, and use of cable firearm locks; 2) (May 2023) revising the preventive visit note template to prompt providers on best practices; and 3) (September 2023) providing caregiver educational resources to support safe storage practices. The baseline firearm screening rate was 38%.

Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology (THRIFT): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of vision interventions and online banking among the elderly in Kurigram.

Introduction: Presbyopia, difficulty in seeing close-ups, affects a billion people globally. Mobile financial services (MFS) have been mandated since January 2021 for Bangladesh government social safety net payments, including old age allowance (OAA) and widow allowance (WA). We report the protocol for the Transforming Households with Refraction and Innovative Financial Technology randomised trial assessing the impact on the use of online banking of providing presbyopic safety net beneficiaries with reading glasses, and brief smartphone and mobile banking app training.

Just the Tip of the Iceberg: a Brief Report of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Score as an Embedded Validity Indicator for the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests.

Objective: Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs).

Method: A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred youth aged 6-15 years (M = 11.28, SD = 2.

Epidermal spongiotic Langerhans cell collections, but not eosinophils, are a clue to the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis: A series of 170 clinically- and patch test-confirmed cases.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis cannot be reliably differentiated from other forms of spongiotic/eczematous dermatitis by histology alone. Textbooks and recent studies have variably supported the specificity of dermal eosinophils, eosinophilic spongiosis, and Langerhans cell collections, among other features.

Objective: To assess which histopathologic features favor a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis.

Source-dependent absorption Ångström exponent in the Los Angeles Basin: Multi-time resolution factor analyses of ambient PM and aerosol optical absorption.

Advanced receptor models can leverage the information derived from optical and chemical variables as input by a variety of instruments at different time resolutions to extract the source specific absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) from aerosol absorption. The multilinear engine (ME-2), a Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) solver, serves as a proficient tool for performing such analyses, thereby overcoming the constraints imposed by the assumptions in current optical source apportionment methods such as the Aethalometer approach since the use of a-priori AAE values introduces additional uncertainty into the results of optical methods. Comprehensive PM chemical speciation datasets, and aerosol absorption coefficients (b, λ) at seven wavelengths measured by an Aethalometer (AE33), were used in multi-time source apportionment (MT-PMF).

Pediatric to Adult Care Transition in the Hospital Context (PATCH) Tool: A Novel Tool to Assess Pediatric Institutional Guidelines for Inpatient Care of Adults.

Objective: The growing number of adults with childhood onset chronic conditions (COCC) is reflected in the increase of adult-aged admissions to pediatric institutions. Despite national bodies advising pediatric institutions to have a pediatric to adult health care transition (HCT) policy, little guidance is available on if or how to include inpatient care. We sought to create a framework-based Pediatric to Adult Transitional Care in the Hospital Context (PATCH) tool to assess how inpatient care of adults is addressed in pediatric institutional guidelines or policies (hereafter guidelines) as a first step towards informing future PATCH guideline development.

International trends in biliary tract cancer-related mortality, 2000-2022: An observational study of the World Health Organization mortality database.

Background Aims: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampullary cancer, exhibit poor prognosis. This study examined temporal trends in mortality due to BTCs and their major subtypes at international, regional, and national levels.

Approach Results: This observational study used the World Health Organization mortality database.

STABLE trial of spectacle provision and driving safety among myopic motorcycle users in Vietnam: study protocol for a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised trial.

Background: Traffic crashes are the leading cause of death globally for people aged 5-29 years, with 90% of mortality occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The STABLE (Slashing Two-wheeled Accidents by Leveraging Eyecare) trial was designed to determine whether providing spectacles could reduce risk among young myopic motorcycle users in Vietnam.

Methods: This investigator-masked, stepped-wedge, cluster randomised naturalistic driving trial will recruit 625 students aged 18-23 years, driving ≥ 50 km/week, with ≥ 1-year driving experience and using motorcycles as their primary means of transport, in 25 clusters of 25 students in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Prenatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to chorionic plate surface vasculature at delivery.

Pregnant people are ubiquitously exposed to endocrine-disrupting phthalates through consumer products and food. The placenta may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of phthalates, with evidence from animal models suggesting impacts on placental development and vascularization. We translate this research to humans, examining gestational exposure to phthalates and phthalate replacements in relation to novel markers of chorionic plate surface vascularization.

MR perfusion characteristics of pseudoprogression in brain tumors treated with immunotherapy - a comparative study with chemo-radiation induced pseudoprogression and radiation necrosis.

Purpose: Pseudoprogression is an atypical imaging pattern of response to immunotherapy in patients with brain tumors. MR perfusion studies in this field are limited. The purpose of our study is to compare the perfusion features between pseudoprogression lesions in malignant gliomas and brain metastases treated with immunotherapy (iPsP) and the pseudoprogression after chemo-radiation therapy and radiation necrosis after radiation treatment (ChR-PsP & RN).

Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study.

Background: Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children.

Methods: We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network.

Racial and Gender Disparities for Glaucoma Treatment Rates in Upstate New York.

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness around the world. Black individuals are two times more likely to be diagnosed with glaucoma compared to White individuals. In 2019, the prevalence of glaucoma in Monroe County was highest amongst older individuals aged 85 and non-Hispanic Blacks.

Portable Medical Orders and Inpatient Cost at End of Life in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.

Purpose: We previously demonstrated that early completion of portable medical orders, known as Medical Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (MOLST), was associated with lower-intensity care at the end of life (EOL) for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a MOLST form completed before hospitalization on the cost of inpatient care during the last 30 days of life for patients with AML and MDS.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 271 adult patients with a diagnosis of AML or MDS who died between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019, and received care for their hematologic malignancy at the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC).

Peritraumatic C-reactive protein levels predict pain outcomes following traumatic stress exposure in a sex-dependent manner.

Background: Chronic pain following traumatic stress exposure (TSE) is common. Increasing evidence suggests inflammatory/immune mechanisms are induced by TSE, play a key role in the recovery process versus development of post-TSE chronic pain, and are sex specific. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with chronic pain after TSE in a sex-specific manner.

Optimization of ACE-tRNAs function in translation for suppression of nonsense mutations.

Nonsense suppressor transfer RNAs (tRNAs) or AntiCodon-Edited tRNAs (ACE-tRNAs) have long been envisioned as a therapeutic approach to overcome genetic diseases resulting from the introduction of premature termination codons (PTCs). The ACE-tRNA approach for the rescue of PTCs has been hampered by ineffective delivery through available modalities for gene therapy. Here we have screened a series of ACE-tRNA expression cassette sequence libraries containing >1800 members in an effort to optimize ACE-tRNA function and provide a roadmap for optimization in the future.

Exploring the therapeutic potential of modulating nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Discovered more than four decades ago, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression and is a major contributor to numerous diseases. With advanced technologies, several novel approaches aim to directly circumvent the effects of disease-causing frameshift and nonsense mutations. Additional therapeutics aim to globally dampen the NMD pathway in diseases associated with pathway hyperactivation, one example being Fragile X Syndrome.

Therapeutic potential of DNases in immunothrombosis: promising succor or uncertain future?

Sepsis, a life-threatening condition characterized by systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction, is closely associated with the excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the release of cell-free DNA. Both play a central role in sepsis progression, acting as major contributors to immunothrombosis and associated complications. Endogenous DNases play a pivotal role in degrading NETs and cell-free DNA, yet their activity is often dysregulated during thrombotic disease.