ASA Class Is a Stronger Predictor of Early Revision Risk Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty than BMI.

Background: Although there is a known correlation between obesity and revision risk following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), there is an ongoing debate regarding the appropriateness of denying TKA solely based on the body mass index (BMI) of a patient. Our aim was to determine whether a patient's American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class predicts their risks of early all-cause revision and revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary TKA, independent of their BMI.

Methods: Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) were obtained regarding all patients who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis in Australia from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022.

Antimicrobial prescribing quality in Australian emergency departments: an analysis of the Hospital NAPS data set.

Objective: To analyze antimicrobial prescribing practices in Australian emergency departments (ED), identifying prescribing areas requiring improvement. This aims to inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies to enhance antimicrobial prescribing quality.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (NAPS) data set.

Psychosocial wellbeing and risk perception of older adults during COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: perspectives on the role of social workers.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic presented a 'double-edged sword' for older adults: not only were they more susceptible to the virus, but its broader consequences also exacerbated other challenges, particularly those related to psychosocial well-being. Limited evidence exists on how older adults perceive the pandemic and its impact on their well-being and the role of social workers in addressing these challenges, particularly in resource-limited settings like Nigeria.

Aim: This study explored older adults' perceived risks regarding COVID-19, its impact on their psychosocial well-being, and the role of social workers in addressing these challenges in Nigeria.

Systematic Review of Vaccine Strategies Against Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Cattle: Insights, Challenges, and Prospects.

Tritrichomonas foetus is a protozoan parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis (also referred to as trichomoniasis) resulting in substantial economic loss in extensive grazing systems. The parasite colonises the reproductive tracts of both male and female cattle, being asymptomatic in males but causing early reproductive failure in infected females. This systematic review aimed to examine research manuscripts describing the development of T.

Age Is Just a Number? A Retrospective Review of Cause of Death in Patients 85 Years and Over Receiving Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.

Introduction: Patients aged > 85 years are under-represented in research that has established stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as the standard of care in early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) not suitable for or refusing surgery. With an ageing population in Australia, it is important to assess SBRT and cause of death (COD) in elderly patients receiving curative intent lung SBRT.

Methods: This is a multi-centre retrospective review of eligible patients treated across Australia from 2016 to 2022 with curative intent lung SBRT for early stage primary NSCLC, and aged 85 years or over.

The decision to tell or not to tell is associated with experiences of stigma and hearing aid use among adults with hearing loss.

Objectives: To explore the extent to which an international sample of adults with hearing loss experience and respond to stigma-induced identity threat; and the associations between experiences of hearing loss stigma, responses to hearing loss stigma (concealment of hearing loss), and hearing aid use.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey comprising published questionnaires and multiple response questions designed to capture five of seven constructs of the Major and O'Brien model of stigma-induced identity threat. Multivariate modelling examined factors associated with hearing aid use and concealment of hearing loss.

Postpartum depression in relation to chronic diseases and multimorbidity in women's mid-late life: a prospective cohort study of UK Biobank.

Background: Maternal short-term outcomes of postpartum depression (PPD) were widely examined, but little is known about its long-term association with multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity) in women's later life. This study aims to assess the association of PPD with chronic diseases and multimorbidity in women's mid-late life.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included female participants in UK Biobank who attended online follow-up assessment and reported their history of PPD.

The genomes of the most diverse AA genome rice species provide a resource for rice improvement and studies of rice evolution and domestication.

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food crop globally, with origins in wild progenitors within the AA genome group of Oryza species. Oryza rufipogon and Oryza meridionalis are native to tropical Asia and Northern Australia and offer unique genetic reservoirs. Here we explored the relationships of the genomes of these wild rice species with the domesticated rice genome.

Wellbeing and quality of life among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology.

Purpose: To examine global and health-related quality of life (QOL) among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology and determine associations with sociodemographic, parent and child-related health, psychological, and relational factors.

Methods: Parents participating in the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (ANZFR) QOL Study (N = 151, Parent Mean age = 47.9 ± 10.

Clinical Swallow Examination Following Laryngectomy: An International e-Delphi Consensus Process.

Clinical swallow examination (CSE) following laryngectomy (± pharyngeal resection) remains a critical step in dysphagia evaluation. Whilst the core components of a standard CSE service a broad spectrum of patient populations, no evidence exists examining the essential assessment items specific to CSE in the laryngectomy population. The aim of this study was to identify the tasks, measures and observations considered necessary to include in a CSE post laryngectomy.

Cholesterol mobilization regulates dendritic cell maturation and the immunogenic response to cancer.

Maturation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) is crucial for maintaining tolerogenic safeguards against auto-immunity and for promoting immunogenic responses to pathogens and cancer. The subcellular mechanism for cDC maturation remains poorly defined. We show that cDCs mature by leveraging an internal reservoir of cholesterol (harnessed from extracellular cell debris and generated by de novo synthesis) to assemble lipid nanodomains on cell surfaces of maturing cDCs, enhance expression of maturation markers and stabilize immune receptor signaling.

Yearling laryngeal function grades II.2 and below are not associated with reduced performance.

Background: The relationship between Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grade and race performance is unclear.

Objectives: To determine the effect of YLF on future race performance.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Association of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objectives: To examine the association between muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in patients diagnosed with cancer, and whether these associations are affected by type and/or stage of cancer.

Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out. Five bibliographic databases were searched to August 2023.

The Possibilities of Observational Research in Workplace Learning: The Case of Video-Reflexive Ethnography.

Objective: This paper, using video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) as a case study, explores the prospects for and possibilities of observational research in workplace learning.

Methods: Focusing on VRE methodology and drawing on its principles of care, collaboration, exnovation (paying attention to existing strengths) and reflexivity, we elaborate the prospects for and scope of possibilities for observational research.

Results: VRE's flexibility and participatory nature enable researchers and participants to understand the complexities of learning in situ and the dynamic interactions between learning and work practice.

How to Approach Qualitative Observational Research in Workplace Learning.

Background: Learning in clinical settings occurs through engagement in everyday activities and interactions. Yet, clinical settings are complex, dynamic environments and data collection methods such as interviews and focus groups, although valuable, alone may not capture the complexities of these settings. Qualitative observational research offers an approach to understanding these complexities and enhancing learning in clinical settings.

Australian guidelines for equine internal parasite management.

Over the past few decades, the emergence of resistance amongst intestinal parasites of horses to all available anthelmintic classes has emphasised the need for a paradigm shift in parasite control approaches within the Australian equine industry. Findings of a recent Australia-wide research project have provided new insights into intestinal parasites (i.e.

An in-silico investigation of the effect of changing cycling crank power and cadence on muscle energetics and active muscle volume.

This study used musculoskeletal modelling to explore the relationship between cycling conditions (power output and cadence) and muscle activation and metabolic power. We hypothesized that the cadence that minimized the simulated average active muscle volume would be higher than the cadence that minimized the simulated metabolic power. We validated the simulation by comparing the predicted muscle activation and fascicle velocities with experimental electromyography and ultrasound images.

Long-term immunogenicity of a single-dose live recombinant chimeric Japanese encephalitis vaccine in adults.

Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia, with high case-fatality rate and morbidity. Although the live recombinant Japanese encephalitis chimeric vaccine (Imojev®) offers strong initial immunity, data on long-term efficacy beyond five years remain limited.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on adults vaccinated with Imojev® at a specialist travel clinic in Brisbane, Australia.

Composite Primary Outcomes Reported in Studies of Critical Care: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Composite primary outcomes (CPO) (incorporating both mortality and non-mortality outcomes) offer several advantages over mortality as an outcome for critical care research. Our objective was to explore and map the literature to report on CPO evaluated in critical care research.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, and Cochrane Library from January 2000 to January 2024.

Digestion of food proteins: the role of pepsin.

The nutritive value of a protein is determined not only by its amino acid composition, but also by its digestibility in the gastrointestinal tract. The interaction between proteins and pepsin in the gastric stage is the first step and plays an important role in protein hydrolysis. Moreover, it affects the amino acid release rates and the allergenicity of the proteins.

Developing an Online Education Resource to Enhance Physical Therapists' Use of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Other Related Identities Affirming Care: A Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an evidence-based, clinically relevant, and user-friendly eLearning resource to facilitate the provision of safe and affirming physical therapy services for individuals with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and other related identities or experiences (LGBTQIA+).

Review Of Literature: When accessing physical therapy, individuals who are LGBTQIA+ can experience assumptions, discrimination, discomfort, and encounter health professionals who lack knowledge about LGBTQIA+ health.

Subjects: Nine consumers and end-users participated in codesign and 20 physical therapists (evaluated the resource).

Access to non-physician led Exercise Stress Echocardiography reduces wait times and improves consumer engagement.

The performing of non-physician led exercise stress testing with and without echocardiography has shown similar diagnostic utility and safety as physician led models. While diagnostic accuracy and relative safety have been the focus of previous research, the current study aims to demonstrate efficiencies not previously reported such as reduction in wait times for testing and improved service attendance. A non-physician led exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) service was implemented on 01/01/2018, prior to this all tests were performed under a physician led model.

Molecular evidence for the role of the ovipositor of the fall armyworm: Where to lay or not to lay?

Oviposition behavior in insects has received considerable attention, but studies have mainly focused on the antennae, neglecting the role of the ovipositor. In this study, we investigated the functional characteristics of the ovipositor in oviposition site selection by the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive invasive pest of maize and other cereals. In oviposition choice assays females exhibited significant repellency to isothiocyanate (ITC), volatiles specific to non-preferred cruciferous plants.

Clinical Features and Risks of Congenital Melanocytic Naevi: A Retrospective Analysis of Patients at the Queensland Children's Hospital.

Background/objectives: Congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) are a risk factor for melanoma. Melanoma risk is dependent on the congenital phenotype. Our primary aims were to assess the clinical characteristics of CMN that indicate a high risk of neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) and melanoma in an Australian paediatric population group; to identify patient characteristics and clinical features of CMN that trigger further investigations; and to determine the rate of malignancy and other complications for CMN.