Advanced piperazine-containing inhibitors target microbial β-glucuronidases linked to gut toxicity.

The gut microbiome plays critical roles in human homeostasis, disease progression, and pharmacological efficacy through diverse metabolic pathways. Gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes reverse host phase 2 metabolism, in turn releasing active hormones and drugs that can be reabsorbed into systemic circulation to affect homeostasis and promote toxic side effects. The FMN-binding and loop 1 gut microbial GUS proteins have been shown to drive drug and toxin reactivation.

The Promise of Ecological Momentary Assessment to Improve Depression Management for Older Adults in Primary Care.

Among older adults, depression is a common, morbid, and costly disorder. Older adults with depression are overwhelmingly treated by primary care providers with poor rates of remission and treatment response, despite attempts to improve care delivery through behavioral health integration and care management models. Given one in 10 older adults in primary care settings meet criteria for depression, there is a pressing need to improve the efficacy of depression treatment among affected individuals.

Facilitated Peer Group Mentoring for Underrepresented Biomedical Researchers: Facilitators' Experiences and Implications for Dissemination of a Curriculum.

Peer group mentoring facilitated by senior faculty represents an effective approach. However, for underrepresented biomedical researchers, access to senior faculty from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups is limited. We explored motivations, benefits, and challenges for facilitators enrolled to deploy an intervention in the context of a randomized controlled trial that tested two peer group mentoring strategies for underrepresented early career researchers.

Evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder is widely unavailable and often discouraged by providers of residential substance use services in North Carolina.

Introduction: Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is the only treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) proven to reduce overdose mortality, yet access to this evidence-based treatment remains poor. The purpose of this cross-sectional audit study was to assess OAT availability at residential substance use services in North Carolina.

Methods: We conducted a state-wide inventory of residential substance use service providers in North Carolina and subsequently called all providers identified, posing as uninsured persons who use heroin, seeking treatment services.

Measure of Strength of Evidence for Visually Observed Differences between Subpopulations.

For measuring the strength of visually-observed subpopulation differences, the Population Difference Criterion is proposed to assess the statistical significance of visually observed subpopulation differences. It addresses the following challenges: in high-dimensional contexts, distributional models can be dubious; in high-signal contexts, conventional permutation tests give poor pairwise comparisons. We also make two other contributions: Based on a careful analysis we find that a balanced permutation approach is more powerful in high-signal contexts than conventional permutations.

The Effect of Statin Treatment on Synaptogenesis in the Hippocampus.

Deranged lipid homeostasis has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Cholesterol reducing compounds such as statins have received special attention for the possibility that they may be able to ameliorate or prevent cognitive loss associated with neurodegeneration. However, there is much dissension concerning the actual effect of statins on cognitive function.

An infusible biologically active adhesive for chemotherapy-related heart failure in elderly rats.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity with subsequent heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors worldwide. Chemotherapy-induced HF is exceptionally challenging as it generally manifests in patients who are typically not eligible for left ventricular device implantation or heart transplantation. To explore alternative treatment strategies for cancer survivors suffering from chemotherapy-induced HF, we developed a minimally invasive infusible cardiac stromal cell secretomes adhesive (MISA) that could be delivered locally through an endoscope-guided intrapericardial injection.

Hypothermia and the Global War on Terror: 18 Years of Minimal Progress.

Introduction: The association between hypothermia, coagulopathy, and acidosis in trauma is well described. Hypothermia mitigation starts in the prehospital setting; however, it is often a secondary focus after other life-saving interventions. The deployed environment further compounds the problem due to prolonged evacuation times in rotary wing aircraft, resource limitations, and competing priorities.

Health Needs Assessment of Unhoused Youth in Charleston, South Carolina.

Background: Over 35 000 youth experience homelessness on any given night in the United States (US). Unhoused youth experience unique physical and mental health challenges and face barriers in every social determinant of health (SDoH), which may be amplified in the LGBTQ+ population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to define characteristics of the unhoused youth population and their utilization of healthcare to inform programs to meet their needs.

Who Says You can't go FAST at Night? Use of a Novel Ultrasound-Capable Night Vision Device for Prehospital Medical Personnel to Identify Noncompressible Truncal Hemorrhage.

Background: Early detection of abdominal hemorrhage via ultrasound has life-saving implications for military and civilian trauma. However, strict adherence to light discipline may prohibit the use of ultrasound devices in the deployed setting. Additionally, current night vision devices remain noncompatible with ultrasound technology.

Phase I study on the pharmacokinetics of intravaginal, self-administered artesunate vaginal pessaries among women in Kenya.

Unlabelled: Cervical cancer remains a significant global health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where access to prevention and treatment is limited and women are at a higher risk of cervical cancer. Artesunate, a widely available drug used to treat malaria, has shown promise in treating human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated anogenital lesions including high-grade cervical precancer, in a recent Phase I studies in the United States. Data on the pharmacokinetics of artesunate following intravaginal use, and its implications on malaria resistance, are lacking.

Microbiome modification for personalized treatment of dysbiotic diseases.

Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) for inflammatory diseases or refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is less effective than for preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. This commentary outlines strategies to use biomarkers of successful FMT to guide newer approaches to restore microbial homeostasis in individuals with dysbiosis-mediated inflammation.

Patients' experiences of dietary changes during a structured dietary intervention for irritable bowel syndrome.

Background: Diet plays an important role in management of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Restrictive diets have gained popularity as treatment for IBS, but no studies have examined the patients' experiences of implementing such diets. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the experience of patients with IBS undergoing a structured dietary intervention.

Patient education and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation preferences of patients and providers in COVID care.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents an important but limited treatment for patients with severe COVID-19. We assessed the effects of an educational intervention on a person's ECMO care preference and examined whether patients and providers had similar ECMO preferences.

Methods: In the Video+Survey group, patients watched an educational video about ECMO's purpose, benefits, and risks followed by an assessment of ECMO knowledge and care preferences in seven scenarios varying by hypothetical patient age, function, and comorbidities.

Identification of older adults with Alzheimer's and related dementias among patients newly diagnosed with cancer: A comparison of methodological approaches.

Introduction: Research efforts to characterize and evaluate care delivery and outcomes for older adults with cancer and comorbid dementia are limited by varied methods used to classify Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate differences in demographic, clinical, and cancer characteristics of people newly diagnosed with cancer and concomitant dementia comparing two common methods to identify ADRD using administrative claims data.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data.

An Automated Text Messaging Intervention to Reduce Substance Use Self-Stigma (Project RESTART): Protocol for a Feasibility and Acceptability Pilot Study.

Background: Stigma is a barrier to treatment and harm reduction seeking in people who use drugs. Most stigma reduction interventions offer psychotherapy or psychoeducation in group-based clinical settings, failing to reach people who are not in treatment. SMS text messaging is an effective and acceptable modality for delivering health information to people who use drugs and may be a suitable conduit for providing information and advice to understand and cope with stigma.