Characterization of occupational endotoxin-related small airway disease with longitudinal paired inspiratory/expiratory CT scans.

Background: Although small airway disease has been recognized as a major contributor to obstructive respiratory diseases, the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and small airway disease, as characterized by CT scans, requires further investigation.

Research Question: What is the association between occupational endotoxin exposure and small airway disease, and which CT imaging biomarkers effectively detect pre-clinical airway dysfunction?

Study Design And Methods: This study includes 404 subjects from the Shanghai Textile Worker Cohort. We collected longitudinal inspiratory/expiratory CT scans, spirometry data, and endotoxin levels in 2011 and 2016.

Pharmacogenetic associations of GATA4 and KCNQ1 with ibrutinib cardiovascular toxicity.

Ibrutinib treatment is often complicated by cardiovascular side effects (CVSEs). The objective of this retrospective pharmacogenetic study is to replicate a previously reported association of 'high-risk' patients, who are homozygous carriers of at least two of GATA4 rs804280 AA, KCNQ1 rs163182 GG, and KCNQ1 rs2237895 AA, with increased risk of hypertension or atrial fibrillation, and explore associations for other pharmacogenes (e.g.

An Educational Intervention to Promote Central Nervous System-Active Deprescribing in Dementia: A Pilot Study.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS)-active polypharmacy (defined as concurrent exposure to three or more antidepressant, antipsychotic, antiseizure, benzodiazepine, opioid, or nonbenzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists) is associated with significant potential harms in persons living with dementia (PLWD).We conducted a pilot trial to assess a patient nudge intervention's implementation feasibility and preliminary effectiveness to prompt deprescribing conversations between PLWD experiencing CNS-active polypharmacy and their primary care clinicians ("clinicians").

Methods: We used the electronic health record to identify PLWD prescribed CNS-active polypharmacy in primary care clinics from two health systems.

Histopathologic Progression and Metastatic Relapse Outcomes in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract.

Introduction: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the urinary tract (SCNEC-URO) has an inferior prognosis compared to conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC). Here, we evaluate the predictors and patterns of relapse after surgery.

Materials And Methods: We identified a definitive-surgery cohort (n = 224) from an institutional database of patients with cT1-T4NxM0 SCNEC-URO treated in 1985-2021.

Prevalence of prescription medication use that can exacerbate heart failure among US adults with heart failure.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) affects more than 6 million adults in the United States, contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Despite advances in medical care, many medications can exacerbate HF, yet their prevalence of use remains unknown. This study examined the national use of prescription medications that could exacerbate HF in adults with self-reported HF.

Iris: A Next Generation Digital Pathology Rendering Engine.

Digital pathology is a tool of rapidly evolving importance within the discipline of pathology. Whole slide imaging promises numerous advantages; however, adoption is limited by challenges in ease of use and speed of high-quality image rendering relative to the simplicity and visual quality of glass slides. Herein, we introduce Iris, a new high-performance digital pathology rendering system.

Asthma Biologics Across the T2 Spectrum of Inflammation in Severe Asthma: Biomarkers and Mechanism of Action.

Airway inflammation, a hallmark feature of asthma, drives many canonical features of the disease, including airflow limitation, mucus plugging, airway remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. The T2 inflammatory paradigm is firmly established as the dominant mechanism of asthma pathogenesis, largely due to the success of inhaled corticosteroids and biologic therapies targeting components of the T2 pathway, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). However, up to 30% of patients may lack signatures of meaningful T2 inflammation (ie, T2 low).

The Knee-SCHOOL: a brief patient-centered multidisciplinary educational program for knee osteoarthritis.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common form of arthritis in adults and a leading cause of years lived with disability, representing a significant burden on healthcare worldwide.

Objective: Describe the structure and educational elements of the Knee-SCHOOL, a brief patient-centered multidisciplinary educational program for patients with KOA.

Design: Observational prospective study.

Moving Beyond the Device: Key Lessons in Creating a Positive Patient Experience for a Remote Foot Health Program.

The burden of diabetic foot ulcers is largely underappreciated, even by the healthcare community. Living with advanced, complex chronic diseases can be challenging for the patient and often requires additional time and resource utilization by the provider. The use of novel technology within medicine should be focused on fostering excellent experiences, thereby promoting satisfaction and ultimately, quality care.

Wood-loving magic mushrooms from Australia are saprotrophic invaders in the Northern Hemisphere.

Magic mushrooms are fungi that produce psilocybin, an entheogen with long-term cultural use and a breakthrough compound for treatment of mental health disorders. Fungal populations separated by geography are candidates for allopatric speciation, yet species connectivity typically persists because there is minimal divergence at functional parts of mating compatibility genes. We studied whether connectivity is maintained across populations of a widespread species complex of magic mushrooms that has infiltrated the Northern Hemisphere from a hypothesised centre of origin in Australasia.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1697-1780.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from accumulated snow sediment sample. , on leaf spots of . , on submerged decaying wood in sea water, on , as endophyte from healthy leaves of .

Unstable States and the Biologization of Mental Illness.

We critically examine how biological narratives of mental illness mediate relations between personal experiences and socio-structural conditions of distress in crisis contexts. Using three case studies of contemporary crises in Russia, the Republic of Cameroon, and Bangladesh, we showcase the ways in which biological meanings of mental illness carry political and structural significance as authorities employ "biologization" for political ends. In Russia, biologization is strategically useful to authorities seeking to control a populace, as chronic "conditions" can be "treated" indefinitely.

Chicago Riders' Choice of Uber and Lyft over Transit Implies a Median Breakeven Value of Travel Time Equal to the Regional Hourly Wage of $30 per Hour.

The use of transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, is widespread in many US cities, including those with good transit. However, transit use produces smaller externalities relative to private vehicles and is cheaper but can increase travel time. Here we compare the benefits and costs of real TNC trips in Chicago to a counterfactual in which they are performed by transit.

Training for the future of the genetic counseling profession: Exploring the assessment and adaptation of graduate programs' didactic curriculum.

Since the first genetic counseling program (GCP) was established in 1969, there has been a proliferation of growth and demand for genetic counselors. Advances in technology, affordable access to genetic testing, public genomic health initiatives, and diversifying clinical and non-clinical roles comprise a dynamic environment that GCPs must respond to. While there is extensive literature regarding how other health professions adapt their curricula to changing environments, this has yet to be documented and explored for genetic counseling.

Developing, Piloting and Evaluating a Patient Support Portal for Men With Prostate Cancer in Victoria: An Action Research Study.

Introduction: Men with prostate cancer (PCa) and their support providers face challenges in accessing high-quality, impartial information tailored to their specific needs to enhance their overall care and decision-making. We describe the development, piloting and evaluation of the co-designed web portal 'BroSupPORT'.

Methods: IT teams developed and integrated BroSupPORT into the Victorian Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry (PCOR-Vic) electronic patient-reported outcome follow-up process.

Factors Associated with Persisting Post-Concussion Symptoms Among Collegiate Athletes and Military Cadets: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.

Background: Persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) is a condition characterized by prolonged recovery from a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and compromised quality of life. Previous literature, on the basis of small sample sizes, concludes that there are several risk factors for the development of PPCS.

Objective: We seek to identify protective and risk factors for developing slow recovery or persisting post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) by analyzing medical history, contact sport level, setting, and the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) assessments at baseline and post-injury.

Polymeric Anti-Antibiotic Microparticles to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance Evolution.

Vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin (DAP) are among the last-resort antibiotics for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. They are administered intravenously (IV); however, ≈5 - 10% of the total IV dose is released in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via biliary excretion, driving resistance emergence in commensal Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) populations.

Proposed resources required for a comprehensive program for CCT CHD imaging.

Background: Cardiac Computed Tomography (CCT) is increasingly used for evaluation of congenital heart disease (CHD) in patients of all ages. Pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) surgical programs require high quality CCT imaging as part of the multimodality imaging support expected of comprehensive care centers. Despite these expectations, there are no benchmarks or defined programmatic elements specific to the performance of CCT in patients with CHD.

Assessment and treatment considerations for patients with colorectal liver metastases: AHPBA consensus guideline and update for surgeons.

Background: Colorectal cancer most commonly metastasizes to the liver. While various treatment strategies have been developed, surgical management of these patients has vital implications on the prognosis and survival of this group of patients. There remains a need for a consensus guideline regarding the surgical evaluation and management of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Examining the moderation of the relationship between socio-economic status and consumption intentions by food information labels.

Front-of-package-labelling needs to portray health and/or sustainability information effectively to all consumers in a way that is both effective and equitable. There is mixed evidence for the effectiveness of such labels based on socioeconomic status (SES). Framing health consequences in an intuitive manner could help to reduce disparities in label comprehension across SES.

Mammalian nucleophagy: process and function.

The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that houses the cell's genetic material and regulates key cellular activities, including growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division. Its structure and function are tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms to ensure cellular integrity and genomic stability. Increasing evidence suggests that nucleophagy, a selective form of autophagy that targets nuclear components, plays a critical role in preserving nuclear integrity by clearing dysfunctional nuclear materials such as nuclear proteins (lamins, SIRT1, and histones), DNA-protein crosslinks, micronuclei, and chromatin fragments.