Heightened sensitivity to the disinhibiting effect of alcohol in women during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

Compared with men, women are disproportionately affected by alcohol, including greater risks of physiological damage, behavioral impairment, and relapse. One likely mechanism underlying the sexual disparity in this vulnerability is the fluctuation of ovarian hormones, particularly estradiol (E2), across phases of the menstrual cycle. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that higher E2 levels positively correlate with drinking, suggesting E2 may play a significant role in modulating drinking.

In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries.

The COVID-19 pandemic (and its aftermath) highlights a critical need to communicate health information effectively to the global public. Given that subtle differences in information framing can have meaningful effects on behavior, behavioral science research highlights a pressing question: Is it more effective to frame COVID-19 health messages in terms of potential losses (e.g.

Suvorexant maintenance enhances the reinforcing but not subjective and physiological effects of intravenous cocaine in humans.

Preclinical research has sought to understand the role of the orexin system in cocaine addiction given the connection between orexin producing cells in the lateral hypothalamus and brain limbic areas. Exogenous administration of orexin peptides increased cocaine self-administration whereas selective orexin-1 receptor antagonists reduced cocaine self-administration in non-human animals. The first clinically available orexin antagonist, suvorexant (a dual orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptor antagonist), attenuated motivation for cocaine and cocaine conditioned place preference, as well as cocaine-associated impulsive responding, in rodents.

The role of late-differentiated T cells, a proxy for IFN-γ-production, in older adults' social networks.

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), an inflammatory biomarker that promotes antiviral immunity, may be a prerequisite for sociability. IFN-γ production in older adulthood is driven by late-differentiated CD8 T cells, particularly CD28and CD57 subsets, which increase with age, reduce immune response, and increase chronic disease risk. The present study investigated the relationship between late-differentiated T cells (LDTC) and sociability in a longitudinal study of healthy aging.

Providing peer navigation services to women with a history of opioid misuse pre- and post-release from jail: A program description.

Background: Justice system-involved women with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience layered health risks and stigma, yet peer navigation services during reentry may support positive outcomes. This manuscript offers a program description of a women's peer navigation intervention delivered pre- and post-release from jail to remove barriers to women's access to OUD treatment, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Methods: All data were collected as part of a NIH/NIDA-funded national cooperative, the Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (JCOIN) project.

Student Attitudes Contribute to the Effectiveness of a Genomics CURE.

The Genomics Education Partnership (GEP) engages students in a course-based undergraduate research experience (CURE). To better understand the student attributes that support success in this CURE, we asked students about their attitudes using previously published scales that measure epistemic beliefs about work and science, interest in science, and grit. We found, in general, that the attitudes students bring with them into the classroom contribute to two outcome measures, namely, learning as assessed by a pre- and postquiz and perceived self-reported benefits.

Production of MHCII-expressing classical monocytes increases during aging in mice and humans.

Aging is associated with increased monocyte production and altered monocyte function. Classical monocytes are heterogenous and a shift in their subset composition may underlie some of their apparent functional changes during aging. We have previously shown that mouse granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) produce "neutrophil-like" monocytes (NeuMo), whereas monocyte-dendritic cell progenitors (MDPs) produce monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDC)-producing monocytes (DCMo).

Removing systemic barriers to equity, diversity, and inclusion: Report of the 2019 Plant Science Research Network workshop "Inclusivity in the Plant Sciences".

A future in which scientific discoveries are valued and trusted by the general public cannot be achieved without greater inclusion and participation of diverse communities. To envision a path towards this future, in January 2019 a diverse group of researchers, educators, students, and administrators gathered to hear and share personal perspectives on equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in the plant sciences. From these broad perspectives, the group developed strategies and identified tactics to facilitate and support EDI within and beyond the plant science community.

An Update to Scientific Decision Making: The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' Scientific Integrity Principles.

In 2015, the Council on Research published their vision for scientific decision making, which provided nutrition and dietetics practitioners and practitioners-in-training key information on the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' newly developed scientific integrity principles. Given that it has been 7 years since the original publication, it was believed the original six principles should be revisited and updated. From the Subcommittee on Scientific Integrity Principles under the Council on Research, the 2015 principles were evaluated and updated with new literature and best practices for maintaining scientific integrity principles.

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning.

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions.

T-cell Metabolism as Interpreted in Obesity-associated Inflammation.

The appreciation of metabolic regulation of T-cell function has exploded over the past decade, as has our understanding of how inflammation fuels comorbidities of obesity, including type 2 diabetes. The likelihood that obesity fundamentally alters T-cell metabolism and thus chronic obesity-associated inflammation is high, but studies testing causal relationships remain underrepresented. We searched PubMed for key words including mitochondria, obesity, T cell, type 2 diabetes, cristae, fission, fusion, redox, and reactive oxygen species to identify foundational and more recent studies that address these topics or cite foundational work.

Extracellular Histones Trigger Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation by Lytic Cell Death.

Histones are cationic nuclear proteins that are essential for the structure and functions of eukaryotic chromatin. However, extracellular histones trigger inflammatory responses and contribute to death in sepsis by unknown mechanisms. We recently reported that inflammasome activation and pyroptosis trigger coagulation activation through a tissue-factor (TF)-dependent mechanism.

Association of lipid profile biomarkers with breast cancer by molecular subtype: analysis of the MEND study.

There is conflicting evidence on the role of lipid biomarkers in breast cancer (BC), and no study to our knowledge has examined this association among African women. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association of lipid biomarkers-total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides-with odds of BC overall and by subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched and triple-negative or TNBC) for 296 newly diagnosed BC cases and 116 healthy controls in Nigeria. Each unit standard deviation (SD) increase in triglycerides was associated with 39% increased odds of BC in fully adjusted models (aOR: 1.

Effects of Trauma and Anxiety on Adherence in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Psychiatric factors such as depression, anxiety, and life stressors have been shown to negatively affect diabetes self-management and A1C in children and adolescents. However, less is known about how trauma exposure and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may affect type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: To determine the rates of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms in patients aged 7-21 years with type 1 diabetes and to examine the relationships among trauma exposure, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and diabetes self-management.

Associations of modern initial antiretroviral drug regimens with all-cause mortality in adults with HIV in Europe and North America: a cohort study.

Background: Over the past decade, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens that include integrase strand inhibitors (INSTIs) have become the most commonly used for people with HIV starting ART. Although trials and observational studies have compared virological failure on INSTI-based with other regimens, few data are available on mortality in people with HIV treated with INSTIs in routine care. Therefore, we compared all-cause mortality between different INSTI-based and non-INSTI-based regimens in adults with HIV starting ART from 2013 to 2018.

Sequencing of laser captured Z and W chromosomes of the tocantins paradoxical frog (Pseudis tocantins) provides insights on repeatome and chromosomal homology.

Pseudis tocantins is the only frog species of the hylid genus Pseudis that possesses highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Z and W chromosomes of Ps. tocantins differ in size, morphology, position of the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) and the amount and distribution of heterochromatin.

Average fixation duration in infancy: Stability and predictive utility.

The current study examined the stability, consistency, and predictive utility of average fixation durations in infancy. In Study 1, infants' (N = 80) average fixation duration when viewing social stimuli was found to show strong relative stability from 3.5 to 9 months of age.

Treatment effects on event-related EEG potentials and oscillations in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is the most diffuse neurodegenerative disorder belonging to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in old persons. This disease is provoked by an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta and tauopathy proteins in the brain. Very recently, the first disease-modifying drug has been licensed with reserve (i.

Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Therapy.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has been implicated to play an important role in the progression of ovarian cancer. One of the most important components of the TME is tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Phenotypically, macrophages are broadly categorized as M1 pro-inflammatory or M2 anti-inflammatory, based on the cytokines and chemokines that they secrete.

Self-Reported Cannabis Use and HIV Viral Control among Patients with HIV Engaged in Care: Results from a National Cohort Study.

The association between cannabis use and HIV-1 RNA (viral load) among people with HIV (PWH) engaged in care is unclear. We used data collected from 2002 to 2018 on PWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) enrolled in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between self-reported past-year cannabis use and detectable viral load (≥500 copies/mL), with and without adjustment for demographics, other substance use, and adherence.

The Impact of a Nurse-Led Service on Tobacco Treatment Provision Within a Psychiatric Hospital: A Time Series Study.

Introduction: Psychiatric hospitalization is an opportunity to provide evidence-based tobacco treatment to optimize cessation efforts among people living with mental illnesses (MI). The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of nurse-driven initiatives to enhance tobacco treatment within an inpatient psychiatric setting.

Aims: We assessed the 4-year impact of implementing a nurse-led tobacco treatment service offered to 11,314 inpatients at admissions in a tobacco-free psychiatric facility in Kentucky.

A preliminary investigation of schedule parameters on cocaine abstinence in contingency management.

Contingency management (CM) interventions are the most effective psychosocial interventions for substance use disorders. However, further investigation is needed to create the most robust intervention possible. This study investigated the effects of 1) reinforcer magnitude; and 2) fixed and escalating and resetting incentives on cocaine abstinence in an outpatient trial.

Public Awareness of and Support for the Use of Wastewater for SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring: A Community Survey in Louisville, Kentucky.

The majority of sewer systems in the United States and other countries are operated by public utilities. In the absence of any regulation, the public perception of wastewater monitoring for population health biomarkers is an important consideration for a public utility commission when allocating resources for this purpose. We conducted a survey in August 2021 as part of an ongoing COVID-19 community prevalence study in Louisville/Jefferson County, KY, US.