Protocol for measuring indoor exposure to coal fly ash and heavy metals, and neurobehavioural symptoms in children aged 6 to 14 years old.

Introduction: Fly ash is a waste product generated from burning coal for electricity. It is comprised of spherical particles ranging in size from 0.1 µm to over 100 µm in diameter that contain trace levels of heavy metals.

Quadriceps Strength and Kinesiophobia Predict Long-Term Function After ACL Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Background: Many patients live with long-term deficits in knee function after an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, research is inconclusive as to which physical performance measure is most strongly related to long-term patient-reported outcomes after ACLR.

Hypothesis: Quadriceps strength would be most strongly associated with patient-reported long-term outcomes after ACLR.

Corrigendum: Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.

Using residential histories in case-control analysis of lung cancer and mountaintop removal coal mining in Central Appalachia.

Population-based ecological and cross-sectional studies have observed high risk for several cancers in areas of Central Appalachia where mountaintop removal coal mines operate. Case-control studies could provide stronger evidence of such relationships, but misclassification of exposure is likely when based on current residence, since individuals could have inhabited several residences with varying environmental exposures over many years. To address this, we used residential histories for individuals enrolled in a previous case-control study of lung cancer to assess residential proximity to mountaintop removal coal mining over a 30-year period, using both survey data and proprietary data from LexisNexis, Inc.

Ustekinumab dose escalation improves clinical responses in refractory Crohn's disease.

Background: Clinicians often utilize off-label dose escalation of ustekinumab (UST) in Crohn's disease (CD) patients with disease refractory to standard dosing. Previous studies report mixed results with dose escalation of UST.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of 143 adult patients with CD receiving UST over a 33-month time period was conducted.

Oral commensal bacteria differentially modulate epithelial cell death.

Objective: Epithelial cell death is an important innate mechanism at mucosal surfaces, which enables the elimination of pathogens and modulates immunoinflammatory responses. Based on the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of cell death, we hypothesized that oral epithelial cell (OECs) death is differentially modulated by oral bacteria.

Material And Methods: We evaluated the effect of oral commensals Streptococcus gordonii (Sg), Streptococcus sanguinis (Ss), and Veillonella parvula (Vp), and pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) on OEC death.

Evaluation of the Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Oil and Non-Oil Extracts of (L.) Osbeck Seeds.

The seeds of (L.) Osbeck (sweet orange) are waste products usually discarded. They may however contain phytochemicals that have potent bioactivities.

Regulation of the parental gene GRM4 by circGrm4 RNA transcript and glutamate-mediated neurovascular toxicity in eyes.

Epigenetic memory plays crucial roles in gene regulation. It not only modulates the expression of specific genes but also has ripple effects on transcription as well as translation of other genes. Very often an alteration in expression occurs either via methylation or demethylation.

Hooked on a Feeling: Influence of Brief Exposure to Familiar Music on Feelings of Emotion in Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Research has indicated that individuals with Alzheimer's-type dementia (AD) can experience prolonged emotions, even when they cannot recall the eliciting event. Less is known about whether music can modify the emotional state of individuals with AD and whether emotions evoked by music linger in the absence of a declarative memory for the eliciting event.

Objective: We examined the effects of participant-selected recorded music on self-reported feelings of emotion in individuals with AD, and whether these feelings persisted irrespective of declarative memory for the emotion-inducing stimuli.

ICU Recovery Clinic Attendance, Attrition, and Patient Outcomes: The Impact of Severity of Illness, Gender, and Rurality.

Objectives: The primary purpose is to characterize patients attending ICU recovery clinic and then describe their trajectory of cognitive and emotional health in 1 year.

Design: Retrospective observational study to assess attendance, attrition, and patient outcomes.

Setting: ICU Recovery Clinic.

Diffusion tensor imaging of the spinal cord status post trauma.

Background: Since its development in 1994, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been successfully used to assess structural and functional changes to neurological tissue within the central nervous system. Namely, DTI is a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based technique that uses anisotropic diffusion to visualize and estimate the organization of white matter in neuronal tissue. It has been used to study various spinal pathologies including neoplastic diseases, degenerative myelopathy, demyelinating diseases, and infections involving the spinal cord.

Physical Function Measured Prior to Lung Transplantation Is Associated With Posttransplant Patient Outcomes.

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pretransplant physical function is correlated with posttransplantation outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients that participated in pretransplantation screening and subsequently underwent lung transplantation. Pretransplant variables of interest included demographics, muscle mass, body composition, physical function, and physical frailty.

Influence of n-acetylcysteine maintenance on the pharmacodynamic effects of oral ethanol.

Rationale: Glutamate systems play an important role in the abuse related effects of alcohol. n-Acetylcysteine, a drug that promotes glutamate homeostasis, attenuates a range of alcohol effects in preclinical models.

Objectives: This human laboratory study determined the influence of n-acetylcysteine maintenance on alcohol self-administration using a model predictive of treatment effectiveness, along with the subjective, performance and physiological effects of alcohol.

Fusion-Independent Satellite Cell Communication to Muscle Fibers During Load-Induced Hypertrophy.

The "canonical" function of Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) during hypertrophic growth of adult muscle fibers is myonuclear donation via fusion to support increased transcriptional output. In recent years, however, emerging evidence suggests that satellite cells play an important secretory role in promoting load-mediated growth. Utilizing genetically modified mouse models of delayed satellite cell fusion and extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, we provide evidence for satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during hypertrophy.

Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury.

In response to NIH initiatives to investigate sex as a biological variable in preclinical animal studies, researchers have increased their focus on male and female differences in neurotrauma. Inclusion of both sexes when modeling neurotrauma is leading to the identification of novel areas for therapeutic and scientific exploitation. Here, we review the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones on recovery from injury and how these changes impact the long-term health of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.

Comparative analyses of alphaviral RNA:Protein complexes reveals conserved host-pathogen interactions.

The identification of host / pathogen interactions is essential to both understanding the molecular biology of infection and developing rational intervention strategies to overcome disease. Alphaviruses, such as Sindbis virus, Chikungunya virus, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus are medically relevant positive-sense RNA viruses. As such, they must interface with the host machinery to complete their infectious lifecycles.

Researcher perspectives on including people who use drugs in clinical research.

People who use drugs are commonly excluded from clinical research despite being disproportionately impacted by numerous health conditions. Recent work indicates that community-recruited individuals report low support of research inclusion for persons reporting substance use. This study conducted a mixed-method assessment of researchers' attitudes on including persons reporting substance use in clinical research.

Gingival tissue autophagy pathway gene expression profiles in periodontitis and aging.

Objective: We hypothesized that autophagy-related genes will be differentially expressed in periodontitis, suggesting an impaired gingival autophagic response associated with disease.

Background: Autophagy is a cellular physiologic mechanism to maintain tissue homeostasis, while deficient autophagic responses increase inflammation and susceptibility to infection.

Methods: Rhesus monkeys [<3 years to 23 years of age (n = 34)] were examined for periodontal health and naturally occurring periodontitis.

E-Cigarette Demand: Impact of Commodity Definitions and Test-Retest Reliability.

Introduction: Behavioral economic demand provides a multidimensional understanding of reinforcement. Commodity purchase tasks are an efficient method for measuring demand in human participants. One challenge in translating these procedures to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes) is defining commodity units given the lack of standardization in the e-cigarette marketplace.

Geropsychology career pipeline perceptions.

Objective: Using the framework of Social Cognitive Career Theory, this study aimed to ascertain attitudes and perceptions of geropsychology career paths, given the present notable geriatric workforce shortage.

Methods: An online survey was developed iteratively and disseminated through various modalities (i.e.

Genomic analyses of a livestock pest, the New World screwworm, find potential targets for genetic control programs.

The New World Screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a major pest of livestock in South America and Caribbean. However, few genomic resources have been available for this species. A genome of 534 Mb was assembled from long read PacBio DNA sequencing of DNA from a highly inbred strain.

Message Fatigue to Bystander Intervention Messages: Examining Pathways of Resistance among College Men.

Bystander intervention programs are a feature on college campuses; however, the effectiveness of these programs among certain subsets of men has recently been questioned. The current study examines college men's resistance to bystander intervention efforts by investigating message fatigue as a theoretical explanation for how bystander intervention programs may fail among college men. Specifically, the current study examined both active (i.

An update on the clinical pharmacology of methylphenidate: therapeutic efficacy, abuse potential and future considerations.

Introduction: Methylphenidate remains a first-line medication for treating ADHD in children and adults. However, its behavioral pharmacological similarities to methamphetamine and cocaine have historically created concern for its potential as a drug of abuse. In September 2019, the FDA published a docket requesting comments for the development of abuse deterrent formulations for CNS stimulants, emphasizing the abuse of methylphenidate as a public health concern.