Antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck collected from Iraq: Bioassay-guided isolation of sinensetin as the anti-MRSA compound.

Infections caused by antibiotic-drug-resistant microorganisms are a major global health concern, and they result in millions of deaths every year. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of such drug-resistant microbial strains, and new and effective antimicrobial agents are desperately needed to combat infections caused by MRSA. In the search for effective anti-MRSA agents, the leaves of Citrus grandis (Rutaceae), also known as C.

Exploring Benzo[d]thiazol-2-Amine Derivatives, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Insights Potential Anticancer Agents Targeting HER Enzyme and DNA.

The synthesis and characterization of benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine derivatives, which were prepared by reacting benzothiazole with para-aminobenzophenone in ethanol, supplemented with glacial acetic acid. Subsequently, compound (2) was synthesized from compound (1) using NaNO, HPO, and HNO in a water-based solvent, resulting in 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. Another derivative, compound (3), was synthesized by reacting compound (1) with vanillin under similar conditions.

Hematological profile among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment with sodium stibogluconate in Diyala, Iraq.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common protozoan disease in Iraq characterized by localized ulcers, primarily on exposed skin. This study aimed to investigate the hematological parameters of infected patients using a complete blood count (CBC) in the endemic area of Diyala Governorate, northeast of Baghdad. This has been studied in newly diagnosed, untreated individuals and patients receiving sodium antimony gluconate.

The Hygienic Significance of Microbiota and Probiotics for Human Wellbeing.

The human body can be viewed as a combination of ecological niches inhabited by trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, all united by the microbiota concept. Human health largely depends on the nature of these relationships and how they are built and maintained. However, personal hygiene practices have historically been focused on the wholesale elimination of pathogens and "hygiene-challenging microorganisms" without considering the collateral damage to beneficial and commensal species.

Cardioprotective strategies in the management of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: current approaches and future directions.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) is a significant challenge in cancer treatment, leading to heart failure and myocardial infarction. With rising cancer survival rates, the long-term cardiovascular health of survivors has gained importance. While several cardioprotective medications have been studied to mitigate chemotherapy's harmful effects on the heart, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and optimal use.

Cross-linked chitosan/pencil clay hybrid beads for the adsorption of reactive black 5.

Chitosan (CH) and pencil clay (CL) were utilized to prepare stable epichlorohydrin cross-linked chitosan-clay hybrid beads (CCHB) for the adsorptive removal of anionic reactive black 5 (RB5) dye. Among various percentage weight ratios of chitosan/clay hybrid beads, 40 % CH-60 % CL was selected as the best adsorbent owing to its stability and removal efficiency. The pore properties of CCHB in terms of surface area, total pore volume, and average pore width were 40.

Crude aqueous extract with quorum sensing inhibitory activity can increase the susceptibility of multidrug resistant to antimicrobials.

Background: Suppression of quorum sensing (QS) that regulates many virulence factors, including antimicrobial resistance, in bacteria may subject the pathogenic microbes to the harmful consequences of the antibiotics, increasing their susceptibility to such drugs.

Aim: The current study aimed to make an aqueous crude extract from the soil isolate with the use of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique for its analysis, and then, study the impact of the extract on clinical isolates of

Methods: Preparation of crude extracts from (both organic and aqueous), which were then analyzed by GC-MS to detect the bioactive ingredients. Furthermore, the extract's capability to interfere with both the expression of the QS of and its antibacterial resistance was examined.

Association of nuclear factor-kappa B1 (NF-κB1) Ins/Del gene polymorphism with Hepatitis C virus outcomes.

Objective: To explore the association of nuclear factor-kappa B1 polymorphism in the promotor area of the gene with hepatitis C virus infection outcomes.

Methods: The case-control study was conducted at the Hepatology and Gastroenterology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from Dec 1, 2020, to Aug 30, 2021, and comprised individuals ages 20-68 years. Group 1 had patients with persistent hepatitis C virus infection, group 2 had subjects with spontaneous hepatitis C virus clearance, group 3 had subjects treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs, and group 4 had healthy controls.

The association of serum level and polymorphisms of IFN-γ (rs2069705) with the susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Leishmaniasis, a broad range of parasitic diseases, caused by Leishmania which is a flagellated intracellular protozoan parasite of the family Trypanosomatidae. The severity of leishmaniasis diseases ranges from minor cutaneous lesions to severe visceral illnesses that can be disfiguring and life-threatening. Cytokines are glycoprotein molecules produced by various cells in response to various immunological triggers.

Survey on the resolution and accuracy of input data validity for SWAT-based hydrological models.

This review was conducted to highlight the most influential factors and specify the trends reducing uncertainty and increasing the accuracy of soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)-based hydrological models. Although the resolution of input data on the results of SWAT-based hydrological models has been extensively determined. There is still a gap in providing comprehensive review framework to be emerged for identifying the impact of the data resolution and accuracy.

Concomitant determination of hematological indices supported the application of the albumin-bilirubin score in non-malignant liver diseases.

The albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score is a useful prognostic marker that predicts mortality in patients suffering from terminal diseases. Recently, it has been reported that ALBI score is a predictor of non-malignant liver diseases. The cutoff point of the ALBI score that distinguishes hepatocellular carcinoma from non-malignant liver disease is still not identified.

Eco-friendly natural rubber-based hydrogel loaded with nano-fertilizer as soil conditioner and improved plant growth.

This study addresses the dual challenge of agricultural cost and waste management by harnessing agrarian waste to produce nano-fertilizers (NF) to enhance crop yield while mitigating environmental impacts. Recognizing the limitations of traditional hydrogels' non-biodegradability and their inability to sustain root zone moisture and nutrient levels, we developed an LNR/AAc/pectin hydrogel. This innovative hydrogel offers a viable solution that provides a consistent NF supply and improves water retention efficiently.

Association Between the Quality of Life Domains with Anthropometric and Adiposity Indices in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Single Centre in Erbil-Iraq.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the anthropometric/adiposity indices or ratios with the status of quality of life (QoL) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods: This study was carried out in the Rizgary Teaching Hospital in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq between 1 December 2021 and 31 March 2022. Seventy-five women with a mean value of 11.

Machine learning predictive insight of water pollution and groundwater quality in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

This study presents an innovative approach for predicting water and groundwater quality indices (WQI and GWQI) in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, addressing critical challenges of scarcity and pollution in arid regions. Recent literature highlights the increasing attention towards WQI based on water pollution index (WPI) and GWQI as essential tools for simplifying complex hydrogeological data, thereby facilitating effective groundwater management and protection. Unlike previous works, the present research introduces a novel hybrid method that integrates non-parametric kernel Gaussian learning (GPR), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), and decision tree (DT) algorithms.

Macrophage energy metabolism in cardiometabolic disease.

In a rapidly expanding body of literature, the major role of energy metabolism in determining the response and polarization status of macrophages has been examined, and it is currently a very active area of research. The metabolic flux through different metabolic pathways in the macrophage is interconnected and complex and could influence the polarization of macrophages. Earlier studies suggested glucose flux through cytosolic glycolysis is a prerequisite to trigger the pro-inflammatory phenotypes of macrophages while proposing that fatty acid oxidation is essential to support anti-inflammatory responses by macrophages.

Gamma gap as a prognostic marker of treatment response in patients with multiple myeloma.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is defined by the excessive growth of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow, resulting in the production of an abnormal monoclonal paraprotein and signs of damage to vital organs. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma can be complex. This paper centers on the diagnosis of MM and examines the role of the gamma gap (GG) in prompting tests to assess treatment effectiveness.

Pharmacists's knowledge, attitude, and practices towards pharmaceutical and patient-centred care in asthma management: A national study.

Background: Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is effectively managed with medications, yet many patients struggle due to irregular treatment and poor adherence. Pharmacists play a crucial role in improving asthma care through pharmaceutical care (PC) services. This study aims to assess pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding asthma PC in Türkiye.

Metabolic flux in macrophages in obesity and type-2 diabetes.

Recent literature extensively investigates the crucial role of energy metabolism in determining the inflammatory response and polarization status of macrophages. This rapidly expanding area of research highlights the importance of understanding the link between energy metabolism and macrophage function. The metabolic pathways in macrophages are intricate and interdependent, and they can affect the polarization of macrophages.

Zinc as a Possible Critical Element to Prevent Harmful Effects of COVID-19 on Testicular Function: a Narrative Review.

Research into innovative non-pharmacological therapeutic routes via the utilization of natural elements like zinc (Zn) has been motivated by the discovery of new severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) variants and the ineffectiveness of certain vaccination treatments during COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, research on SARS-COV-2's viral cellular entry and infection mechanism has shown that it may seriously harm reproductive system cells and impair testicular function in young men and adolescents, which may lead to male infertility over time. In this context, we conducted a narrative review to give an overview of the data pertaining to Zn's critical role in testicular tissue, the therapeutic use of such micronutrients to enhance male fertility, as well as in the potential mitigation of COVID-19, with the ultimate goal of elucidating the hypothesis of the potential use of Zn supplements to prevent the possible harmful effects of SARS-COV2 infection on testis physiological function, and subsequently, on male fertility.

Interaction between inflammatory bowel disease, physical activity, and myokines: Assessment of serum irisin levels.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations, which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of life. It has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those patients. Irisin is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an anti-inflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD patients.