Automation Bias in Mammography: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence BI-RADS Suggestions on Reader Performance.

Background Automation bias (the propensity for humans to favor suggestions from automated decision-making systems) is a known source of error in human-machine interactions, but its implications regarding artificial intelligence (AI)-aided mammography reading are unknown. Purpose To determine how automation bias can affect inexperienced, moderately experienced, and very experienced radiologists when reading mammograms with the aid of an artificial intelligence (AI) system. Materials and Methods In this prospective experiment, 27 radiologists read 50 mammograms and provided their Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment assisted by a purported AI system.

Intraarterial embolizations in life-threatening spontaneous retroperitoneal and rectus sheath hemorrhage (SRRSH): a three-center experience.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the technical and clinical success of interventional treatments employed in three University medical centers and to develop work-flow recommendations for intra-arterial embolizations in patients with life-threatening spontaneous retroperitoneal and rectus sheath hemorrhage (SRRSH).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective evaluation of all patients with contrast-enhanced CT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for SRRSH from 01/2018 to 12/2022, amounted to 91 interventions in 83 patients (45f, 38m) with a mean age of 68.1 ± 13.

Prognostic Value of the Lung Immune Prognosis Index Score for Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced or Metastatic Urinary Tract Carcinoma.

Few prognostic factors have been identified in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI) was associated with clinical outcomes for ICIs in several tumor types. We aim to assess the value of the LIPI in patients with mUC treated with ICIs.

Tetrapodal ZnO-Based Composite Stents for Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery.

The glaucoma burden increases continuously and is estimated to affect more than 100 million people by 2040. As there is currently no cure to restore the optic nerve damage caused by glaucoma, the only controllable parameter is the intraocular pressure (IOP). In recent years, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has emerged as an alternative to traditional treatments.

New prognostic model in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Bellmunt Risk Score, based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS), hemoglobin levels and presence of liver metastases, is the most established prognostic algorithm for patients with advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) progressing after platinum-based chemotherapy. Nevertheless, existing algorithms may not be sufficient following the introduction of immunotherapy. Our aim was to develop an improved prognostic model in patients receiving second-line atezolizumab for aUC.

Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical complications (literature review).

The last three decades have been characterized by an exponential increase in knowledge and advances in the clinical management of atrial fibrillation. The purpose of the study is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and a comprehensive investigation of the epidemiological data associated with various risk factors for atrial fibrillation. The leading research methods are analysis and synthesis, comparison, observation, induction and deduction, and grouping method.

Fractal dimension of the aortic annulus: a novel predictor of paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

To evaluate the prognostic relevance of aortic annulus (AA) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) Fractal dimension (FD). FD is a mathematical concept that describes geometric complexity of a structure and has been shown to predict adverse outcomes in several contexts. Computed tomography (CT) scans from the SOLVE-TAVI trial, which, in a 2 × 2 factorial design, randomized 447 patients to TAVI with the balloon-expandable Edwards Sapien 3 or the self-expanding Medtronic Evolut R, and conscious sedation or general anesthesia, were analyzed semi-automatically with a custom-built software to determine border of AA and LVOT.

Real-world outcomes using PD-1 antibodies and BRAF + MEK inhibitors for adjuvant melanoma treatment from 39 skin cancer centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies and BRAF + MEK inhibitors are widely used for adjuvant therapy of fully resected high-risk melanoma. Little is known about treatment efficacy outside of phase III trials. This real-world study reports on clinical outcomes of modern adjuvant melanoma treatment in specialized skin cancer centers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.

Outcomes and risks in palliative pancreatic surgery: an analysis of the German StuDoQ|Pancreas registry.

Background: Non-resectability is common in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to local invasion or distant metastases. Then, biliary or gastroenteric bypasses or both are often established despite associated morbidity and mortality. The current study explores outcomes after palliative bypass surgery in patients with non-resectable PDAC.

A broad look into the future of systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease with the key features of inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. This article focussed on emerging fields based on the authors' current work and expertise. The authors provide a hierarchical structure into the studies of the pathogenesis of SSc starting with the contribution of environmental factors.

Impact of moderate or severe left ventricular outflow tract calcification on clinical outcomes of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation with self- and balloon-expandable valves: a post hoc analysis from the SOLVE-TAVI trial.

Background: Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) calcification has been associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and may influence the selection of prosthetic valve type.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the impact of LVOT calcification on outcomes after TAVI with a self-expanding valve (SEV) versus a balloon-expandable valve (BEV).

Methods: Patients of the SOLVE-TAVI trial, randomised to Edwards SAPIEN 3 or Medtronic Evolut R, were divided according to LVOT calcification into no/mild (≤1 calcium nodule extending <5 mm and covering <10% of the LVOT perimeter) and moderate/severe LVOT calcification groups.

The Potential of Semaglutide Once-Weekly in Patients Without Type 2 Diabetes with Weight Regain or Insufficient Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery-a Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: About 20-25% of patients experience weight regain (WR) or insufficient weight loss (IWL) after bariatric metabolic surgery (BS). Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively assess the effectiveness of adjunct treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist semaglutide in non-diabetic patients with WR or IWL after BS.

Materials And Methods: Post-bariatric patients without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with WR or IWL (n = 44) were included in the analysis.

'You are trying to teach us to think more slowly!': Adapting Metacognitive Training for the acute care setting-A case report.

Psychological group interventions for the acute inpatient care setting are scarce. Whereas Metacognitive Training for patients with Psychosis (MCT) provides a widely accessible, easy-to-implement intervention for patients with mild to moderate symptoms, it is less adequate for the acute care setting with respect to length and density of information. We present the adaptation process and the resulting adaptation of MCT, MCT-Acute, for the acute inpatient care setting.

Molecular Effects of Auto-Antibodies on Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling and Cell Proliferation.

The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (ATR) is involved in the regulation of blood pressure (through vasoconstriction) and water and ion homeostasis (mediated by interaction with the endogenous agonist). ATR can also be activated by auto-antibodies (ATR-Abs), which are associated with manifold diseases, such as obliterative vasculopathy, preeclampsia and systemic sclerosis. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms related to ATR-Abs binding and associated signaling cascade (dys-)regulation remains fragmentary.

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Their Association With Sex, Age, and Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Fabry Disease: A Systematic Review.

Patients suffering from Fabry disease (FD) have an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), mostly impairment in cognitive performance and depression. Single cases of psychosis have been reported, however, their association with FD can be coincidental. Furthermore, deficits in social functioning and adaptation as well as specific coping styles in FD patients were observed.

Ascorbic Acid/Retinol and/or Inflammatory Stimuli's Effect on Proliferation/Differentiation Properties and Transcriptomics of Gingival Stem/Progenitor Cells.

The present study explored the effects of ascorbic-acid (AA)/retinol and timed inflammation on the stemness, the regenerative potential, and the transcriptomics profile of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells' (G-MSCs). STRO-1 (mesenchymal stem cell marker) immuno-magnetically sorted G-MSCs were cultured in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL-1β (1 ng/mL), TNF-α (10 ng/mL) and IFN-γ (100 ng/mL, inflammatory-medium), in basic medium with AA (250 µmol/L) and retinol (20 µmol/L) (AA/retinol group) or in inflammatory medium with AA/retinol (inflammatory/AA/retinol group; = 5/group). The intracellular levels of phosphorylated and total β-Catenin at 1 h, the expression of stemness genes over 7 days, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) as well as the cellular proliferation aptitude over 14 days, and the G-MSCs' multilineage differentiation potential were assessed.

Acral manifestations associated with infection.

Acral lesions are well-known physical findings in various infectious disorders. Although they are often overlooked, they can be the key to the diagnosis of the underlying disease. Considering this, we present an overview of various infectious causes of acral lesions in childhood.

Psychometric validation of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire Sexual Health (EORTC QLQ-SH22).

Background: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group developed a questionnaire to assess sexual health in patients with cancer and cancer survivors. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the questionnaire.

Methods: The 22-item EORTC sexual health questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-SH22) was administered with the EORTC QLQ-C30 to 444 patients with cancer.

Revealing the time course of laser-evoked potential habituation by high temporal resolution analysis.

Background And Objectives: Reduced laser-evoked potential (LEP) habituation indicates abnormal central pain processing. But the paradigm (four stimulation blocks a 25 stimuli) is time consuming and potentially omits important information on the exact habituation time course. This study examined whether a high temporal resolution (HTR) analysis (dividing the four stimulation blocks into 12 analysis blocks) can answer the following questions: (a) After how many stimuli does LEP habituation occur? (b) Is there a difference in LEP habituation in younger versus older subjects? (c) Is HTR applicable on radiculopathy patients?

Methods: EEG data of 129 subjects were included.

Telmisartan induces a specific gut microbiota signature which may mediate its antiobesity effect.

Telmisartan prevents diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents. Given that the precise underlying mechanism is not known, we examined whether a gut-related mechanism might be involved. Sprague-Dawley rats received cafeteria diet (CD) for 3 months to develop DIO and were administered either telmisartan (8 mg/kg) or vehicle.

Identification of two novel bullous pemphigoid- associated alleles, HLA-DQA1*05:05 and -DRB1*07:01, in Germans.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune skin blistering disease characterized by autoimmunity against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180, type XVII collagen, and BP230. To elucidate the genetic basis of susceptibility to BP, we performed the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Germans. This GWAS was combined with HLA locus targeted sequencing in an additional independent BP cohort.

SAUL, a single-arm study of atezolizumab for chemotherapy-pretreated locally advanced or metastatic carcinoma of the urinary tract: outcomes by key baseline factors, PD-L1 expression and prior platinum therapy.

Background: The impact of pretreatment factors on immune checkpoint inhibition in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) deserves further evaluation. The aim was to study the association of Bellmunt risk factors, time from last chemotherapy (TFLC), previous therapy and PD-L1 expression with atezolizumab efficacy in platinum-refractory aUC.

Patients And Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of patients who had received prior cisplatin or carboplatin in the prospective, single-arm, phase IIIb SAUL study (NCT02928406).