The attenuated Pseudorabies virus vaccine Bartha K61 induces a weak cellular immunity: implications for the development of PRV-vectored vaccines.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), causing Aujeszky's disease in swine, has important economic impact on the pig industry in China and even poses a threat to public health. Although this disease has been controlled by vaccination with PRV live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), the potency of PRV LAVs in inducing cellular immunity has not been well characterized. In this study, using PRV Bartha K61 strain (BK61), the most-used PRV LAVs, as a model, we re-examined the cellular immune response elicited by the BK61 in mice and pigs by multicolor flow cytometry.

Trends and projections of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Asia: a three-decade analysis and forecast through 2031 using global burden of disease study (1990 - 2021).

Background: The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), poses a significant global public health challenge, with South Asia experiencing an increasingly severe burden. This study aimed to analyse historical trends of T2DM across South Asia from 1990 to 2021 and forecast incidence through 2031.

Research Design And Methods: We carried out analysis based on the data from the 2021 Global burden of disease study.

Thermal ablation of margins for recurrence prevention after endoscopic mucosal resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of large colorectal lesions can be challenging, and residual lesions after EMR can progress to colorectal cancer. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of adding thermal ablation of margins [using argon plasma coagulation (APC) or snare tip soft coagulation (STSC)] in reducing recurrence rates after EMR.

Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase.

Accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions in edentulous jaws: a clinical comparative study.

Objectives: This clinical study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of digital and conventional implant impressions in a fully edentulous maxilla and mandible.

Methods: A 53-year-old edentulous patient with four maxillary and two mandibular implants was selected. Ten intraoral scans (IOS) and a conventional impression per jaw were taken.

Navigating Language Barriers in Linguistically Complex Settings: A Qualitative Analysis of Paradoxes in Nurse Communication in Acute Care Units in Saudi Arabia.

This qualitative study explores how nurses managed communication challenges in linguistically complex Saudi Arabian acute care hospitals. A secondary analysis of transcripts from interviews with 21 nurses in Riyadh revealed the use of informal and creative strategies, including translation apps, non-verbal signaling, family interpreters, and an ad hoc system of sharing translation work among team members. In the absence of formal interpretation services, these strategies were essential but paradoxical, contributing to delays, errors, and team tension.

Tooth Anomalies in Patients With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Cleft: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of tooth anomalies (TA) in the deciduous and permanent dentition of patients with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC), both inside and outside the cleft area.

Methods: The following databases were searched for the relevant literature: Cochrane, OVID, SciELO, Embase, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias was analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute.

Association of Pedagogical Training with the Social Skills of Medical Tutors in Problem-Based Learning Curriculum.

Background: Satisfactory interaction between tutor and student is fundamental to the success of problem-based learning, and social skills (SS) are essential in this context. The factors associated with a better repertoire of teachers' SS are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess tutors' SS and investigate which factors might be related to a better repertoire of SS.

Tooth wear and tertiary crowding: a 13-year cohort study in Amazon Indigenous populations.

Background: Tooth wear is an important mechanism for reducing dental dimensions and, consequently, dental crowding. The objective of this cohort study was to examine the relation of tooth wear, adjusted for covariates (age, tooth loss, arch perimeter and intercanine width), on tertiary crowding in Amazon Indigenous populations.

Methods: A sample of 40 Indigenous people in permanent dentition at T0 (baseline) and after 13 years (T1) were evaluated.

Association between vascular endothelial growth factor and atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent form of sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increasingly recognized for its potential role in the pathogenesis of AF through mechanisms involving atrial remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. This systematic review aims to synthesize available evidence on the association between VEGF and AF, exploring the implications of VEGF as a biomarker and therapeutic target.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until November 10 2024, selecting studies based on pre-defined criteria that involve adults with AF and measurements of VEGF levels.

Serum levels of visfatin and vaspin in healthy and complicated pregnancies and their association with anthropometric measures of their offspring.

Background: Research into the mechanisms of growth control during birth and postnatal life has shown that adipose tissue regulates many physiological functions in the body by secreting adipokines. The aims of this study were to investigate the serum levels of visfatin and vaspin in healthy and unhealthy pregnant women and its relationship with their newborns' anthropometric measurements.

Materials And Methods: A total of 82 pregnant women were included in this study with their respective newborn) healthy pregnant women (n = 30), with obesity (n = 26) and with gestational diabetes (GD) (n = 26).

Differences in Microorganism Profile in Periprosthetic Joint Infections of the Knee in Patients Affected by Chronic Kidney Disease.

Background: Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are one of the most devastating complications of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more vulnerable to PJI. We aimed to answer the following questions: 1) What are the commonly observed pathogens in PJI after TKA in CKD patients, and do they differ from those in non-CKD patients? and 2) What are the risk factors for PJI after TKA in CKD patients?

Methods: Patients who underwent surgery due to a chronic PJI of the TKA were retrospectively enrolled.

Cerebral iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recent studies highlight the role of cerebral iron (Fe) accumulation in exacerbating MS pathophysiology. Fe, essential for neural function, contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation when dysregulated, particularly in the brain's gray matter and demyelinated lesions.

The sarcoma ring trial: a case-based analysis of inter-center agreement across 21 German-speaking sarcoma centers.

Purpose: The management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) at reference centers with specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTB) improves patient survival. The German Cancer Society (DKG) certifies sarcoma centers in German-speaking countries, promoting high standards of care. This study investigated the variability in treatment recommendations for localized STS across different German-speaking tertiary sarcoma centers.

Conceptual foundations of a REFRAME-based approach to discriminate across total knee implant designs based on the positions of functional centres of rotation.

In modern knee arthroplasty, surgeons increasingly aim for individualised implant selection based on data-driven decisions to improve patient satisfaction rates. The identification of an implant design that optimally fits to a patient's native kinematic patterns and functional requirements could provide a basis towards subject-specific phenotyping. The goal of this study was to achieve a first step towards identifying easily accessible and intuitive features that allow for discrimination between implant designs based on kinematic data.

Wealth-based inequalities in tuberculosis prevalence among households having children and young adults in India: insights from Indian demographic and health surveys (2015-2021).

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant health concern in India, especially among households with children and young adolescents aged 6-17 years. Despite ongoing research, there is a knowledge gap regarding specific risk factors for TB within this demographic. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the association between TB and various socio-demographic factors, including socioeconomic status, nutritional status, and environmental conditions.

Investigation of bacterial nanocellulose/calcium phosphates-based composite containing cerium for bone repair.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has attracted considerable attention in the field of biomedical engineering due to its potential for use in bone regeneration applications. The present study investigates the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) combined with calcium and cerium ions (BNC-Ce:CaP) in bone regeneration applications. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of monetite and hydroxyapatite phases in BNC-CaP, while BNC-Ce:CaP revealed an additional brushite phase.

Decoding the protein methylome: Identification, validation, and functional insights.

Protein methylation regulates diverse cellular processes including gene expression and DNA repair. This review discusses the methods of identifying and validating substrates for protein methyltransferases (MTases), as well as the biological roles of methylation. Meanwhile, we outline continued efforts necessary to fully map MTase-substrate pairs and uncover the complex regulatory roles of protein methylation in cellular function.

Electrochemical water treatment: Review of different approaches.

The continued development in agriculture, the rapid growth of industrialization, and last but not least, the increase in the global population adversely affects the environment. The availability of drinking water decreases every year with the rise in water pollution, which is the consequence of the failure of conventional approaches to the water treatment process. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the electrochemical water treatment processes, as these techniques have several benefits over conventional methods, such as being cost-effective, easily applicable, selective, and broad applicability.

Single immunization with genetically attenuated Pf∆mei2 (GA2) parasites by mosquito bite in controlled human malaria infection: a placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Malaria vaccines consisting of metabolically active Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites can offer improved protection compared with currently deployed subunit vaccines. In a previous study, we demonstrated the superior protective efficacy of a three-dose regimen of late-arresting genetically attenuated parasites administered by mosquito bite (GA2-MB) compared with early-arresting counterparts (GA1-MB) against a homologous controlled human malaria infection. Encouraged by these results, we explored the potency of a single GA2-MB immunization in a placebo-controlled randomized trial.

Impact of reactive sclerosis on outcome of MR-HIFU for osteoid osteomas.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of clinical and procedural factors, particularly the thickness of reactive sclerosis, on clinical outcome of MR-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) for the treatment of symptomatic osteoid osteomas (OO) of the extremities.

Materials And Methods: 18 consecutive patients (median age 19.5y) with symptomatic OO of the extremities eligible for MR-HIFU were enrolled in this ongoing prospective study (German Clinical Trials Register; nr.

P2Y12 inhibitors plus aspirin versus aspirin alone in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular events: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: The efficacy and safety of P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12i) with aspirin in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic cerebrovascular events remains a topic of ongoing debate. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to compare these drugs with aspirin alone.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the two treatment regimens in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular events.

Hepatitis B virus hijacks MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex to form its minichromosome.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can significantly increase the incidence of cirrhosis and liver cancer, and there is no curative treatment. The persistence of HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is the major obstacle of antiviral treatments. cccDNA is formed through repairing viral partially double-stranded relaxed circular DNA (rcDNA) by varies host factors.

Motivation of nursing undergraduate program entrants: A scoping review protocol.

Motivation is of great importance in the teaching-learning process, because motivated students seek out opportunities and show interest and enthusiasm in carrying out their tasks. The objective of this review is to identify and present the information available in the literature on the status quo of motivation among nursing program entrants. This is a qualitative scoping review study, a type of literature review designed to map out and find evidence to address a specific research objective, following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology.