Use of Practices to Reduce of Sudden Unexpected Infant Death among Caregivers of Opioid Exposed Newborns.

Objectives: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) occurs disproportionately among opioid exposed newborns (OENs) compared to those unexposed. The extent that primary caregivers of OENs adhere to SUID-reducing infant care practices is unknown. We examined rates of SUID-reducing practices (smoking cessation, breastfeeding, and safe sleep [supine sleep, room-sharing not bed-sharing, nonuse of soft bedding or objects]) in a pilot sample of caregivers of OENs.

Medications for opioid use disorders among incarcerated persons and those in the community supervision setting: exploration of implementation issues with key stakeholders.

Introduction: Receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) critically reduces opioid-related mortality during the post-incarceration period. Optimal provision of this care to individuals on community supervision (i.e.

Defining the transition from new to normal: a qualitative investigation of the clinical change process.

Background: Understanding how and when a new evidence-based clinical intervention becomes standard practice is crucial to ensure that healthcare is delivered in alignment with the most up-to-date knowledge. However, rigorous methods are needed to determine when a new clinical practice becomes normalized to the standard of care. To address this gap, this study qualitatively explores how, when, and why a clinical practice change becomes normalized within healthcare organizations.

Longitudinal stability and predictive value of socio/emotional/behavioral screening in an Outpatient Pediatric Network.

Background: In 2022, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended annual social/emotional/behavioral (SEB) screening at preventive pediatric visits. Numerous SEB screeners have considerable empirical support for children of all ages. However, few studies inform the longitudinal use of SEB screeners in pediatrics.

Multi-institutional Evaluation and Training of Breast Density Classification AI Algorithm Using ACR Connect and AI-LAB.

Objective: To demonstrate and test the capabilities of the American College of Radiology (ACR) Connect and AI-LAB software platform by implementing multi-institutional artificial intelligence (AI) training and validation for breast density classification.

Methods: In this proof-of-concept study, six U.S.

Mothers Falling Asleep During Infant Feeding.

Background And Objectives: Falling asleep while feeding (FAF) infants is common. Our primary objectives were to examine (1) maternally reported prevalence of FAF and if planned; (2) association between FAF and sociodemographic factors, feeding method, and sleep location; and (3) if receipt of education about safe sleep and bedsharing risks was associated with FAF.

Methods: In the Social Media and Risk-reduction Training study, US mothers of newborns were randomized to educational messaging promoting infant safe sleep or breastfeeding.

Literature Review to Understand the Burden and Current Non-surgical Management of Moderate-Severe Pain Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: To conduct a literature review exploring the humanistic burden, costs, and guideline recommendations for non-surgical management of moderate-severe pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Published studies (2018-25 April 2023) assessing the burden of moderate-severe pain in KOA were identified by searching Medline, Embase, EconLit, and Cochrane database, supplemented with grey literature hand searches and reference list snowballing. Treatment guidelines were also identified for key countries.

Patched but Still Leaky: An Update on the Pipeline for Women in Gastroenterology.

Background: Women remain underrepresented in gastroenterology (GI). Studies have identified that a lack of formal mentorship for women contributes to this underrepresentation. While many GI divisions have adopted models for supporting GI fellows and faculty, there is a gap in our knowledge regarding mentorship options for internal medicine (IM) residents interested in GI.

Risk of Delayed Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI in the Southeast United States.

Background: Emergent reperfusion by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 90 minutes of first medical contact (FMC) is indicated in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, long transport times in rural areas in the Southeast US make meeting this goal difficult. The objective of this study was to determine the number of Southeast US residents with prolonged transport times to the nearest 24/7 primary PCI (PPCI) center.

Point-of-care testing preferences 2020-2022: Trends over the years.

Background: The use of point-of-care (POC) tests prior to the COVID-19 pandemic was relatively infrequent outside of the health care context. Little is known about how public opinions regarding POC tests have changed during the pandemic.

Methods: We redeployed a validated survey to uncompensated volunteers to assess preferences for point-of-care testing (POCT) benefits and concerns between June and September 2022.

"It's hard to wait": Provider perspectives on current genomic care in safety-net NICUs.

Purpose: Critically ill infants from marginalized populations disproportionately receive care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) that lack access to state-of-the-art genomic care, leading to inequitable outcomes. We sought provider perspectives to inform our implementation study (VIGOR) providing rapid genomic sequencing within these settings.

Methods: We conducted semistructured focus groups with neonatal and genetics providers at 6 NICUs at safety-net hospitals, informed by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, which incorporates evidence, context, and facilitation domains.

Defining the transition from new to normal: a qualitative investigation of the clinical change process.

Background: Understanding how and when a new evidence-based clinical intervention becomes standard practice is crucial to ensure that healthcare is delivered in alignment with the most up-to-date knowledge. However, rigorous methods are needed to determine when a new clinical practice becomes normalized to the standard of care. To address this gap, this study qualitatively explores how, when, and why a clinical practice change becomes normalized within healthcare organizations.

Safe Administration of Medication in School: Policy Statement.

Many youth with acute and chronic health conditions require medication to be administered during the school day. This policy statement offers guidance to school physicians, community prescribers, school nurses, other school health professionals, and groups providing oversight to school health activities and ensures patient safety and equity lenses are applied to administration of medications during school and for school-related activities. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports a robust collaborative model that allows all those involved in student health, including the student and family, to communicate, participate in effective medication management, inform delegated medication responsibilities, and promote safe medication storage and administration.

Measuring accuracy of International Classification of Diseases codes in identification of patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Introduction: Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is a disease which is increasing in incidence and prevalence worldwide. The incidence of the disease is frequently estimated using databases that rely on International Classification of Diseases, ninth and tenth revisions, clinical modification (ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM) discharge diagnoses. Code accuracy has proved to be a major issue for other diagnoses using ICD codes.

Unconditional cash transfers for preterm neonates: evidence, policy implications, and next steps for research.

To address socioeconomic disparities in the health outcomes of preterm infants, we must move beyond describing these disparities and focus on the development and implementation of interventions that disrupt the factors contributing to them. Unconditional cash transfers (UCTs), which provide unrestricted payments to individuals or households, can help mitigate income disparities and improve health outcomes. While UCTs have been utilized for other vulnerable populations, their full potential has yet to be realized for low-income families with preterm infants, who face significant financial strain.