Characteristics of acute sexual assault care in New England emergency departments.

Objective: Interventions such as written protocols and sexual assault nurse examiner programs improve outcomes for patients who have experienced acute sexual assault. How widely and in what ways such interventions have been implemented is largely unknown. We sought to characterize the current state of acute sexual assault care in New England.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years Due to Pediatric Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States: A CARES Surveillance Group Study.

Background: Disability-adjusted life years (DALY) are a common public health metric used to estimate disease burden. The DALY due to pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the United States is unknown. We aimed to estimate pediatric OHCA DALY and to compare it with the other leading causes of pediatric death and disability in the United States.

Influence of grape consumption on the human microbiome.

Over the years, a substantial body of information has accumulated suggesting dietary consumption of grapes may have a positive influence on human health. Here, we investigate the potential of grapes to modulate the human microbiome. Microbiome composition as well as urinary and plasma metabolites were sequentially assessed in 29 healthy free-living male (age 24-55 years) and female subjects (age 29-53 years) following two-weeks of a restricted diet (Day 15), two-weeks of a restricted diet with grape consumption (equivalent to three servings per day) (Day 30), and four-weeks of restricted diet without grape consumption (Day 60).

Defining the Roles and Responsibilities for the Vice Chair for Academic Affairs/Faculty Development in Radiology.

Rationale And Objectives: To inform the development of a job description for Vice-Chairs for academic affairs (VCAA), members of the Alliance of Leaders in Academic Affairs in Radiology (ALAAR) were surveyed to better understand their current job responsibilities and how they would ideally allocate their professional time.

Materials And Methods: Based on a survey of 33 university-affiliated radiology departments and discussion among ALAAR members, the authors developed a detailed job description for the VCAA. The 21-question survey was composed and validated by experts in the field.

Identifying the engagement of a brain network during a targeted tDCS-fMRI experiment using a machine learning approach.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can noninvasively modulate behavior, cognition, and physiologic brain functions depending on polarity and dose of stimulation as well as montage of electrodes. Concurrent tDCS-fMRI presents a novel way to explore the parameter space of non-invasive brain stimulation and to inform the experimenter as well as the participant if a targeted brain region or a network of spatially separate brain regions has been engaged and modulated. We compared a multi-electrode (ME) with a single electrode (SE) montage and both active conditions with a no-stimulation (NS) control condition to assess the engagement of a brain network and the ability of different electrode montages to modulate network activity.

Targeting thiol isomerase activity with zafirlukast to treat ovarian cancer from the bench to clinic.

Thiol isomerases, including PDI, ERp57, ERp5, and ERp72, play important and distinct roles in cancer progression, cancer cell signaling, and metastasis. We recently discovered that zafirlukast, an FDA-approved medication for asthma, is a pan-thiol isomerase inhibitor. Zafirlukast inhibited the growth of multiple cancer cell lines with an IC in the low micromolar range, while also inhibiting cellular thiol isomerase activity, EGFR activation, and downstream phosphorylation of Gab1.

Bilateral Emboli and Highest Heart Rate Predict Hospitalization of Emergency Department Patients With Acute, Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism.

Study Objective: Some patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) will suffer adverse clinical outcomes despite being low risk by clinical decision rules. Emergency physician decisionmaking processes regarding which low-risk patients require hospitalization are unclear. Higher heart rate (HR) or embolic burden may increase short-term mortality risk, and we hypothesized that these variables would be associated with an increased likelihood of hospitalization for patients designated as low risk by the PE Severity Index.

Disability-Adjusted Life-Years After Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the United States.

We sought to estimate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) because of adult in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and to compare IHCA DALY to other leading causes of death and disability in the United States. DALY were calculated as the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability. The years of life lost were calculated using all adult IHCA with complete data from the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation database for 2015 to 2019.

Relationship-Based Home Visiting Services for Families Affected by Substance Use Disorders: A Qualitative Study.

Home visiting programs face many challenges when providing evidence-based services to families affected by substance use disorders (SUDs). We conducted interviews and focus groups with community stakeholders and parents to elucidate important considerations when intentionally attempting to meet the needs of families affected by SUDs through home visiting programs. We identified one primary theme "" that describes how to ensure caregivers perceive themselves as an important focus of the program.

"I am not a junkie": Social categorization and differentiation among people who use drugs.

Background: Substance use stigma is a form of group-based exclusion, and delineating pathways from stigma to poor health requires a deeper understanding of the social dynamics of people who use drugs (PWUD). Outside of recovery, scant research has examined the role of social identity in addiction. Framed by Social Identity Theory/Self-Categorization Theory, this qualitative study investigated strategies of within-group categorization and differentiation among PWUD and the roles these social categories may play in shaping intragroup attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors.

Translational Potential of Fluorescence Polarization for Breast Cancer Cytopathology.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The standard of care for diagnosis involves invasive core needle biopsy followed by time-consuming histopathological evaluation. A rapid, accurate, and minimally invasive method to diagnose breast cancer would be invaluable.

Why Are Family Doctors Still Not Addressing Oral Health?

Oral health dramatically affects overall health and vice versa. Oral health is a key health indicator for Healthy People 2030. Yet family physicians are not addressing this important health issue at the same level they address other essential health problems.

Same-Day Discharge After Left Bundle Area Pacing.

Background: Left bundle area pacing (LBAP) has emerged as an area that appears to be an attractive alternative to other forms of physiological pacing owing to its ease and favorable pacing parameters. Same-day discharge after conventional pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and more recently leadless pacemakers have become routine, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. With the advent of LBAP, the safety and feasibility of same-day discharge remain unclear.

Radiology Training Program Lessons Learned During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic had major effects on radiology training programs throughout the country. Many of the challenges were shared, with some variation depending on the size and geographic location of each program. While some initial modifications, such as platoon-type scheduling and redeployment, have been abandoned, other changes such as home workstations and the option of remote conferences have become more permanently incorporated.

Anesthesiology Resident Knowledge of Transfusion Medicine: Results From the Anesthesiology Transfusion Education Study.

Background: Transfusion of blood products is a common practice in anesthesiology. Inadequate transfusion medicine knowledge may lead to inappropriate transfusion practices and patient risk. Using a validated assessment tool modified for anesthesiology, we conducted a survey of anesthesiology residents in the United States to assess transfusion medicine knowledge.

The Association of Frailty With Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure Treated With Noninvasive Ventilation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of frailty on mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV). This was a single-center, prospective study of patients who developed ARF (irrespective of etiology) and were treated with NIV support. Frailty was assessed using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS).

Short-Term Grape Consumption Diminishes UV-Induced Skin Erythema.

Over three million Americans are affected by skin cancer each year, largely as a result of exposure to sunlight. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of grape consumption to modulate UV-induced skin erythema. With 29 human volunteers, we report that nine demonstrated greater resistance to UV irradiation of the skin after consuming the equivalent of three servings of grapes per day for two weeks.

Equal Pay for Equal Work in the Dean Suite: Addressing Occupational Gender Segregation and Compensation Inequities Among Medical School Leadership.

In 2022, the Association of American Medical Colleges published data from its annual Dean's Office Staff Compensation and Dean's Compensation Surveys in a new report addressing salary equity among medical school leadership. These data, disaggregated by gender and race/ethnicity, represent earnings of the senior most leaders in the dean suite and have historically been shared only with medical school Deans and principal business officers. The report shows that the highest-ranking decanal positions in U.

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of pulmonary hypertension.

The coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted delivery of healthcare. Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), especially pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), require significant resources for both diagnosis and management and are at high risk for decompensation due to disruption in their care. A survey consisting of 47 questions related to the care of patients with PH was designed by the American College of Chest Physicians 2020-2021 Pulmonary Vascular Disease (PVD) NetWork Steering Committee and sent to all members of the PVD NetWork, as well as the multiple other professional networks for PH.

Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Adolescent and Young Adult Eating Disorder Care Volume.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected youth mental health. Increases in site-specific eating disorder (ED) care have been documented; however, multisite studies demonstrating national trends are lacking.

Objective: To compare the number of adolescent/young adult patients seeking inpatient and outpatient ED care before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and Evaluation of a Curriculum on Intimate Partner Violence for Medical Students in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship.

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread public health issue that is relevant to all areas of medicine. Patients who suffer from IPV often contact the health care system via the emergency department, making this a particularly important but too often overlooked issue in this setting. Education on IPV varies in medical schools and emergency medicine (EM) educational programs, and evidence suggests that a barrier to assessing for IPV is a lack of adequate training of clinicians.