Presentation and Outcome in S1P-RM and Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe neurologic disease resulting from JC virus reactivation in immunocompromised patients. Certain multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are associated with PML risk, such as natalizumab and, more rarely, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators (S1P-RMs). Although natalizumab-associated PML is well documented, information on S1P-RM-associated PML is limited.

Incremental Confidence Sampling with Optimal Transport for Domain Adaptation.

Domain adaptation is a subfield of statistical learning theory that takes into account the shift between the distribution of training and test data, typically known as source and target domains, respectively. In this context, this paper presents an incremental approach to tackle the intricate challenge of unsupervised domain adaptation, where labeled data within the target domain is unavailable. The proposed approach, OTP-DA, endeavors to learn a sequence of joint subspaces from both the source and target domains using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), such that the projected data into these subspaces are domain-invariant and well-separated.

[Vaccination against influenza, pneumococcus and herpes zoster in the elderly Survey of prescribing physicians: assessment of knowledge and identification of obstacles to the prescription of vaccination].

Vaccination coverage is insufficient for influenza, pneumococcus, and herpes zoster in people over the age of 65 in France, even though these are common infectious diseases. Using a computerised questionnaire, the aim of our study was to assess the knowledge of general practitioners, geriatricians, infectious diseases specialists and interns in the Loire region about the vaccination against these three diseases in elderly subjects, to identify the obstacles to vaccination, and to evaluate whether the provision of knowledge modifies the prescriptions and vaccination recommendations made to patients. Of the 125 responses from doctors and interns, 90.

Adjuvant therapeutic strategy decision support for an elderly population with localized breast cancer: A monocentric cohort retrospective study.

Guidelines for the management of elderly patients with early breast cancer are scarce. Additional adjuvant systemic treatment to surgery for early breast cancer in elderly populations is challenged by increasing comorbidities with age. In non-metastatic settings, treatment decisions are often made under considerable uncertainty; this commonly leads to undertreatment and, consequently, poorer outcomes.

Prediction of geopolymer pumpability and setting time for well zonal isolation - Using machine learning and statistical based models.

In academia, geopolymers/alkali activated materials are becoming increasingly popular, as researchers are exploring a substitute for Portland cement, that is cost-effective, merchantable, and potent. One such potential-seeking sector is the use of geopolymers in the oil and gas industry for well cementing zonal isolation operations. Though it is yet, to be implemented in the field, there has been a few researchers, although not so many in numbers, that conducted geopolymer lab-tests (controlled and expensive environment).

Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.

Objective: To better understand the immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), here we explored the relevance of T and B cell compartmentalisation into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) for the generation of local antitumour immunity.

Design: We characterised the functional states and spatial organisation of PDAC-infiltrating T and B cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, multicolour immunofluorescence, gene expression profiling of microdissected TLSs, as well as in vitro assays. In addition, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of tumour-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq and sc T cell receptor sequencing datasets from eight cancer types.

Weight Status Prediction Using a Neuron Network Based on Individual and Behavioral Data.

Background: The worldwide epidemic of weight gain and obesity is increasing in response to the evolution of lifestyles. Our aim is to provide a new predictive method for current and future weight status estimation based on individual and behavioral characteristics.

Methods: The data of 273 normal (NW), overweight (OW) and obese (OB) subjects were assigned either to the training or to the test sample.

Prediction of hospital readmission of multimorbid patients using machine learning models.

Objective: The objective of this study is twofold. First, we seek to understand the characteristics of the multimorbid population that needs hospital care by using all diagnoses information (ICD-10 codes) and two aggregated multimorbidity and frailty scores. Second, we use machine learning prediction models on these multimorbid patients characteristics to predict rehospitalization within 30 and 365 days and their length of stay.

Explaining predictive factors in patient pathways using autoencoders.

This paper introduces an end-to-end methodology to predict a pathway-related outcome and identifying predictive factors using autoencoders. A formal description of autoencoders for explainable binary predictions is presented, along with two objective functions that allows for filtering and inverting negative examples during training. A methodology to model and transform complex medical event logs is also proposed, which keeps the pathway information in terms of events and time, as well as the hierarchy information carried in medical codes.

Data-Driven Identification of Biomarkers for In Situ Monitoring of Drug Treatment in Bladder Cancer Organoids.

Three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture recapitulating patient-specific histopathological and molecular diversity offers great promise for precision medicine in cancer. In this study, we established label-free imaging procedures, including Raman microspectroscopy (RMS) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), for in situ cellular analysis and metabolic monitoring of drug treatment efficacy. Primary tumor and urine specimens were utilized to generate bladder cancer organoids, which were further treated with various concentrations of pharmaceutical agents relevant for the treatment of bladder cancer (i.

Automated Coding in Case Mix Databases of Bacterial Infections Based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Results.

Our objective was to improve the accuracy of bacteria and resistance coding in a hospital case mix database. Data sources consisted of 50,074 files on bacteriological susceptibility tests transmitted with the HPRIM protocol from laboratory management system to electronic health record of the University hospital of Saint Etienne in July 2017. An algorithm was implemented to detect susceptibility tests containing information corresponding to codes whose addition in the case mix database was susceptible to increase the severity level of a diagnosis related group.

How We Can Reap the Full Benefit of Teleconsultations: Economic Evaluation Combined With a Performance Evaluation Through a Discrete-Event Simulation.

Background: In recent years, the rapid development of information and communications technology enabled by innovations in videoconferencing solutions and the emergence of connected medical devices has contributed to expanding the scope of application and expediting the development of telemedicine.

Objective: This study evaluates the use of teleconsultations (TCs) for specialist consultations at hospitals in terms of costs, resource consumption, and patient travel time. The key feature of our evaluation framework is the combination of an economic evaluation through a cost analysis and a performance evaluation through a discrete-event simulation (DES) approach.

Energy Intake Evaluation by a Learning Approach Using the Number of Food Portions and Body Weight.

An accurate quantification of energy intake is critical; however, under-reporting is frequent. The aim of this study was to develop an indirect statistical method of the total energy intake estimation based on gender, weight, and the number of portions. The energy intake prediction was developed and evaluated for validity using energy expenditure.

How much does the hospital stay for infusion of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells cost to the French National Health Insurance?

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T cells) have the potential to be a major innovation as a new type of cancer treatment, but are associated with extremely high prices and a high level of uncertainty. This study aims to assess the cost of the hospital stay for the administration of anti-CD19 CAR-T cells in France. Data were collected from the French Medical Information Systems Program (PMSI) and all hospital stays associated with an administrated drug encoded 9439938 (tisagenlecleucel, Kymriah®) or 9440456 (axicabtagene ciloleucel, Yescarta®) between January 2019 and December 2020 were included.

Socio-Emotional Competencies and School Performance in Adolescence: What Role for School Adjustment?

There is growing evidence in the literature of positive relationships between socio-emotional competencies and school performance. Several hypotheses have been used to explain how these variables may be related to school performance. In this paper, we explored the role of various school adjustment variables in the relationship between interpersonal socio-emotional competencies and school grades, using a weighted network approach.

Predicting drug sensitivity of cancer cells based on DNA methylation levels.

Cancer cell lines, which are cell cultures derived from tumor samples, represent one of the least expensive and most studied preclinical models for drug development. Accurately predicting drug responses for a given cell line based on molecular features may help to optimize drug-development pipelines and explain mechanisms behind treatment responses. In this study, we focus on DNA methylation profiles as one type of molecular feature that is known to drive tumorigenesis and modulate treatment responses.

Cochlear shape distinguishes southern African early hominin taxa with unique auditory ecologies.

Insights into potential differences among the bony labyrinths of Plio-Pleistocene hominins may inform their evolutionary histories and sensory ecologies. We use four recently-discovered bony labyrinths from the site of Kromdraai to significantly expand the sample for Paranthropus robustus. Diffeomorphometry, which provides detailed information about cochlear shape, reveals size-independent differences in cochlear shape between P.

Hospital Length of Stay Prediction Methods: A Systematic Review.

Objective: This systematic review sought to establish a picture of length of stay (LOS) prediction methods based on available hospital data and study protocols designed to measure their performance.

Materials And Methods: An English literature search was done relative to hospital LOS prediction from 1972 to September 2019 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Articles were retrieved from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and arXiv databases.

Shape-constrained Gaussian process regression for surface reconstruction and multimodal, non-rigid image registration.

We present a new statistical framework for landmark ?>curve-based image registration and surface reconstruction. The proposed method first elastically aligns geometric features (continuous, parameterized curves) to compute local deformations, and then uses a Gaussian random field model to estimate the full deformation vector field as a spatial stochastic process on the entire surface or image domain. The statistical estimation is performed using two different methods: maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference via Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling.

"Bow-tie" optimal pathway discovery analysis of sepsis hospital admissions using the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England.

Objective: The "Bow-tie" optimal pathway discovery analysis uses large clinical event datasets to map clinical pathways and to visualize risks (improvement opportunities) before, and outcomes after, a specific clinical event. This proof-of-concept study assesses the use of NHS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England as a potential clinical event dataset for this pathway discovery analysis approach.

Materials And Methods: A metaheuristic optimization algorithm was used to perform the "bow-tie" analysis on HES event log data for sepsis (ICD-10 A40/A41) in 2016.

Detection of changes in the circadian rhythm of cattle in relation to disease, stress, and reproductive events.

Disease and stress can disrupt the circadian rhythm of activity in animals. Sensor technologies can automatically detect variations in daily activity, but it remains difficult to detect exactly when the circadian rhythm disruption starts. Here we report a mathematical Fourier-Based Approximation with Thresholding (FBAT) method designed to detect changes in the circadian activity rhythm of cows whatever the cause of change (typically disease, stress, oestrus).

Ultrasonography of the normal reproductive tract of the female domestic cat.

The objective of this study was (1) to describe the US appearance and obtain reference values for the uterus and ovaries in nongravid and gravid queens with histologically confirmed reproductive tracts without disorders, (2) to provide US measurements of the reproductive tract compared to gross macroscopic and water-bath post-OVH US measurements in nongravid queens, and (3) to describe the sonographic appearance of the female reproductive tract during the different histopathologic phases of the reproductive cycle in nongravid and gravid queens. Ninety-three queens from a "trap, neuter, return" program were included in this study. Sonographic evaluation of the reproductive tract was performed in all queens, and measurements of the corpus uteri, uterine horns, and ovaries were recorded.

Cochlear shape reveals that the human organ of hearing is sex-typed from birth.

Sex differences in behavioral and neural characteristics can be caused by cultural influences but also by sex-based differences in neurophysiological and sensorimotor features. Since signal-response systems influence decision-making, cooperative and collaborative behaviors, the anatomical or physiological bases for any sex-based difference in sensory mechanisms are important to explore. Here, we use uniform scaling and nonparametric representations of the human cochlea, the main organ of hearing that imprints its adult-like morphology within the petrosal bone from birth.