Sodium-mediated plateau potentials in an identified decisional neuron contribute to feeding-related motor pattern genesis in .

Motivated behaviors such as feeding depend on the functional properties of decision neurons to provide the flexibility required for behavioral adaptation. Here, we analyzed the ionic basis of the endogenous membrane properties of an identified decision neuron (B63) that drive radula biting cycles underlying food-seeking behavior in . Each spontaneous bite cycle arises from the irregular triggering of a plateau-like potential and resultant bursting by rhythmic subthreshold oscillations in B63's membrane potential.

Membrane and Nuclear Absorbed Doses from Lu and Tb in Tumor Clusters: Effect of Cellular Heterogeneity and Potential Benefit of Dual Targeting-A Monte Carlo Study.

Early use of targeted radionuclide therapy to eradicate tumor cell clusters and micrometastases might offer cure. However, there is a need to select appropriate radionuclides and assess the potential impact of heterogeneous targeting. The Monte Carlo code CELLDOSE was used to assess membrane and nuclear absorbed doses from Lu and Tb (β-emitter with additional conversion and Auger electrons) in a cluster of 19 cells (14-μm diameter, 10-μm nucleus).

Chronic alcohol consumption shifts learning strategies and synaptic plasticity from hippocampus to striatum-dependent pathways.

Introduction: The hippocampus and striatum have dissociable roles in memory and are necessary for spatial and procedural/cued learning, respectively. Emotionally charged, stressful events promote the use of striatal- over hippocampus-dependent learning through the activation of the amygdala. An emerging hypothesis suggests that chronic consumption of addictive drugs similarly disrupt spatial/declarative memory while facilitating striatum-dependent associative learning.

Effect of microorganisms isolated by preoperative osseous sampling on surgical site infection after autologous cranioplasty: A single-center experience.

Purpose: The most frequent postoperative complication in autologous cranioplasty (AC) is infection. European recommendations include osseous sampling before cryogenic storage of a bone flap. We evaluated the clinical impact of this sampling.

Gut AstA mediates sleep deprivation-induced energy wasting in Drosophila.

Severe sleep deprivation (SD) has been highly associated with systemic energy wasting, such as lipid loss and glycogen depletion. Despite immune dysregulation and neurotoxicity observed in SD animals, whether and how the gut-secreted hormones participate in SD-induced disruption of energy homeostasis remains largely unknown. Using Drosophila as a conserved model organism, we characterize that production of intestinal Allatostatin A (AstA), a major gut-peptide hormone, is robustly increased in adult flies bearing severe SD.

Modular One-Pot Strategy for the Synthesis of Heterobivalent Tracers.

Bivalent ligands, i.e., molecules having two ligands covalently connected by a linker, have been gathering attention since the first description of their pharmacological potential in the early 80s.

Pathway specific interventions reveal the multiple roles of ventral hippocampus projections in cognitive functions.

Since the 1950s study of Scoville and Milner on the case H.M., the hippocampus has attracted neuroscientists' attention.

Theranostics of Primary Prostate Cancer: Beyond PSMA and GRP-R.

Unlabelled: The imaging of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is now widely used at the initial staging of prostate cancers in patients with a high metastatic risk. However, its ability to detect low-grade tumor lesions is not optimal.

Methods: First, we prospectively performed neurotensin receptor-1 (NTS) IHC in a series of patients receiving both [Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [Ga]Ga-RM2 before prostatectomy.

Cognitive and Interpersonal Factors in Adolescent Inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa: A Network Analysis.

The cognitive-interpersonal model of anorexia nervosa (AN) posits that cognitive and interpersonal traits contribute to the development and maintenance of AN. We investigated cognitive and interpersonal factors put forward by the model in a sample of 145 adolescent inpatients with AN using network analysis. Our main outcomes included core eating disorder symptoms, cognitive style, socio-affective factors, and mood symptoms.

Differential expression of some termite neuropeptides and insulin/IGF-related hormones and their plausible functions in growth, reproduction and caste determination.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and other insulin-like peptides (ilps) are important hormones regulating growth and development in animals. Whereas most animals have a single female and male adult phenotype, in some insect species the same genome may lead to different final forms. Perhaps the best known example is the honeybee where females can either develop into queens or workers.

Effects of short-term hand immobilization on anticipatory mechanism for tool use.

The short-term immobilization of a limb such as the right arm can impair sensorimotor mechanisms, which in turn reduces motor control of this arm. However, it is not known whether immobilization also impairs the anticipatory mechanism for tool use without actual enactment. In two experiments, we asked participants to judge how they would use a tool in a particular environment (e.

Vestibular symptoms are related to the proportion of REM sleep in people with sleep complaints: A preliminary report.

Objective/background: Though sleep problems (apnea, insomnia) and related daytime symptoms (fatigue, anxiety, depression) have been associated with vestibular problems (falls, dizziness), it is not well known which particular sleep features relate to vestibular problems. We thus assessed symptoms of vestibular problems in patients visiting a sleep clinic and evaluated how they were associated with objective sleep parameters derived from polysomnography and relevant daytime symptoms.

Patients/methods: The polysomnography data of thirty-one patients (61% female, between 20 and 79 years of age) who were referred for clinical sleep assessment was collated with subjective measures of symptoms linked to vestibular problems (rated on the Situational Characteristics Questionnaire), as well as fatigue, anxiety and depression symptoms.

Design and preclinical evaluation of a novel apelin-based PET radiotracer targeting APJ receptor for molecular imaging of angiogenesis.

APJ has been extensively described in the pathophysiology of angiogenesis and cell proliferation. The prognostic value of APJ overexpression in many diseases is now established. This study aimed to design a PET radiotracer that specifically binds to APJ.

Clinical and pharmacological correlates of caffeine consumption in subjects with schizophrenia - Data from the FACE-SZ cohort.

Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance worldwide. Previous studies suggested higher caffeine consumption in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) as well as associations with symptoms, medication and medication side-effects. In a large and well-characterized sample of SSD subjects we explored the association between caffeine consumption and clinical (psychosis related, severity, general health) as well as pharmacological (antipsychotic treatment, sedation potential) variables.

Impact of the gut microbiome on nicotine's motivational effects and glial cells in the ventral tegmental area in male mice.

A link between gut dysbiosis and the pathogenesis of brain disorders has been identified. A role for gut bacteria in drug reward and addiction has been suggested but very few studies have investigated their impact on brain and behavioral responses to addictive drugs so far. In particular, their influence on nicotine's addiction-like processes remains unknown.

Hypergravity Increases Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Fluorescent Dextran and Antisense Oligonucleotide in Mice.

The earliest effect of spaceflight is an alteration in vestibular function due to microgravity. Hypergravity exposure induced by centrifugation is also able to provoke motion sickness. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the crucial interface between the vascular system and the brain to ensure efficient neuronal activity.

Mouse and rat ultrasonic vocalizations in neuroscience and neuropharmacology: State of the art and future applications.

Mice and rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which may express their arousal and emotional states, to communicate with each other. There is continued scientific effort to better understand the functions of USVs as a central element of the rodent behavioral repertoire. However, studying USVs is not only important because of their ethological relevance, but also because they are widely applied as a behavioral readout in various fields of biomedical research.

Muscarinic cholinergic modulation of cardiovascular variables in spinal cord injured rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads not only to major impairments in sensorimotor control but also to dramatic dysregulation of autonomic functions including major cardiovascular disturbances. Consequently, individuals with SCI endure daily episodic hypo/hypertension and are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Several studies have suggested that an intrinsic spinal coupling mechanism between motor and sympathetic neuronal networks exist and that propriospinal cholinergic neurons may be responsible for a synchronized activation of both somatic and sympathetic outputs.

Genetic hemochromatosis is not a risk factor for Restless Legs Syndrome.

Background: Iron dysmetabolism has long been identified as a primary key factor involved in Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) pathophysiology and may account for the high prevalence of RLS observed in chronic liver diseases (CLD). Prevalence of RLS was also reported to be high in genetic hemochromatosis (GH) but whether this is due to the unique iron metabolism disorder and to treatment procedure in GH remains unknown. If this assumption is true, then one would hypothesize that RLS prevalence is higher in GH than in another CLD such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Mechanisms of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia.

Although much is known now about behavioural, cognitive and physiological consequences of insomnia, little is known about changes after cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on these particular factors. We here report baseline findings on each of these factors in insomnia, after which we address findings on their changes after cognitive behavioural therapy. Sleep restriction remains the strongest determinant of insomnia treatment success.