Genomics- and Peptidomics-Based Discovery of Conserved and Novel Neuropeptides in the American Cockroach.

As a model hemimetabolous insect species and an invasive urban pest that is globally distributed, the American cockroach, , is of great interest in both basic and applied research. Previous studies on neuropeptide identification have been based on biochemical isolation and molecular cloning. In the present study, an integrated approach of genomics- and peptidomics-based discovery was performed for neuropeptide identification in this insect species.

Bidirectional modulation of hippocampal and amygdala synaptic plasticity by post-weaning obesogenic diet intake in male rats: Influence of the duration of diet exposure.

Obesity is a chronic condition associated with adverse memory and emotional outcomes in humans and animal models. We have recently demonstrated that post-weaning (i.e.

Social learning of action-effect associations: Modulation of action control following observation of virtual action's effects.

A core assumption of ideomotor theory is that learned bidirectional associations between actions and their effects enable agents to select and initiate actions by anticipating their sensory consequences. Although the acquisition of bidirectional action-effect (A-E) associations built on the experience of one's own movements has received considerable empirical support, the available evidence for A-E learning through the observation of others' actions and their effects remains limited. In two experiments, we tested whether A-E associations could be acquired through social learning in an experimental setup involving observation of virtual actions.

Surgical Site Infections after glioblastoma surgery: results of a multicentric retrospective study.

Background: The effects of surgical site infections (SSI) after glioblastoma surgery on patient outcomes are understudied. The aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate the impact of SSI on the survival of glioblastoma patients.

Methods: Data from SSI cases after glioblastoma surgeries between 2009 and 2016 were collected from 14 French neurosurgical centers.

The Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0: Validation Among Non-Clinical and Clinical French-Speaking Samples and Comparison With the Full Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0.

Objectives: The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) was designed to assess food addiction using a shorter version than the YFAS 2.

Serotonin research: Crossing scales and boundaries.

Nearly 100 years after the discovery of serotonin, its role remains elusive. Modulation of serotonin transmission is considered in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The therapeutic strategies based on serotonin systems have evolved thanks to better identification of the involvement of serotonin in various diseases, the better use of animal models, a better understanding of the molecular environment of serotonin receptors, and ultimately the better understanding of the interaction of serotonin neurotransmission with other biological systems.

The Psycho-Affective Roots of Obesity: Results from a French Study in the General Population.

The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which obese people differ in their emotionally driven and addictive-like eating behaviors from normal-weight and overweight people. A total of 1142 participants were recruited from a general population, by a web-based cross-sectional survey assessing anxiety/depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), emotional eating (Emotional Appetite Questionnaire), food addiction (modified Yale Food Addiction Scale), and intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2). The statistical design was based on analyses of (co)variance, correlograms, and mediations.

An Empowerment Model for Individuals with Chronic Tinnitus.

Objective: This qualitative study sought to construct a model of empowerment for clinical implementation, based on the first-hand experience of a sample of individuals with chronic tinnitus.

Design: The study was conducted in accordance with the inductive approach to data in classic grounded theory (GT). GT aims to build a model of behavior that accounts for the main concern of individuals and how they strive to resolve it.

The puzzle of quality of life in schizophrenia: putting the pieces together with the FACE-SZ cohort.

Background: The determinants of quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenia are largely debated, mainly due to methodological discrepancies and divergence about the concepts concerned. As most studies have investigated bi- or tri-variate models, a multivariate model accounting for simultaneous potential mediations is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the determinants of QOL. We sought to estimate the associations between cognitive reserve, cognition, functioning, insight, depression, schizophrenic symptoms, and QoL in schizophrenia and their potential mediation relationships.

Brain 5-HT1A Receptor Binding in Multiple System Atrophy: An [ F]-MPPF PET Study.

Background: Loss of medullary serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) neurons has been linked to respiratory disturbances in multiple system atrophy (MSA). Broader 5-hydroxytryptamine dysfunction may contribute to additional motor/nonmotor symptoms in MSA. The objective of this study was to compare brain 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor binding between MSA and healthy controls.

Changes Over Time of Diffusion MRI in the White Matter of Aging Brain, a Good Predictor of Verbal Recall.

: Extensive research using water-diffusion MRI reported age-related modifications of cerebral White Matter (WM). Moreover, water-diffusion parameter modifications have been frequently associated with cognitive performances in the elderly sample, reinforcing the idea of aging inducing microstructural disconnection of the brain which in turn impacts cognition. However, only few studies really assessed over-time modifications of these parameters and their relationship with episodic memory outcome of elderly.

Striatal circuit development and its alterations in Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that usually starts during midlife with progressive alterations of motor and cognitive functions. The disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the huntingtin gene leading to severe striatal neurodegeneration. Recent studies conducted on pre-HD children highlight early striatal developmental alterations starting as soon as 6 years old, the earliest age assessed.

Silicon-Containing Neurotensin Analogues as Radiopharmaceuticals for NTS-Positive Tumors Imaging.

Several independent studies have demonstrated the overexpression of NTS in various malignancies, which make this receptor of interest for imaging and therapy. To date, radiolabeled neurotensin analogues suffer from low plasmatic stability and thus insufficient availability for high uptake in tumors. We report the development of Ga-radiolabeled neurotensin analogues with improved radiopharmaceutical properties through the introduction of the silicon-containing amino acid trimethylsilylalanine (TMSAla).

Role of autobiographical memory in the impact of MBCT on dysfunctional attitudes, depressive symptoms and anxiety in bipolar I patients.

Background: The literature suggests that cognitive reactivity in bipolar patients can increase relapse vulnerability, is enhanced by depressive mood and dysfunctional attitudes, and could be improved with MBCT. Autobiographical memory (AM) could be involved in cognitive reactivity, and improved with MBCT training. This study aims to investigate the effect of MBCT for bipolar patients on depressive and anxious symptoms, dysfunctional attitudes and AM, and the predictive versus mediating role of AM in the impact of MBCT on clinical symptoms.

Age-related change in episodic memory: role of functional and structural connectivity between the ventral posterior cingulate and the parietal cortex.

While the neural correlates of age-related episodic memory decline have been extensively studied, the precise involvement of the Posterior Cingulate Cortex (PCC) and posterior parietal cortex (the precuneus and the angular gyrus), remains unclear. The present study examined functional and structural neural correlates of age-related episodic memory change assessed over 12 years in 120 older adults (range 76-90 years). Episodic memory performance was measured using the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT); functional connectivity metrics were computed from resting-state fMRI images and structural connectivity metrics were assessed through microstructural properties of reconstructed tract using a native space pipeline.

Arthropod IGF, relaxin and gonadulin, putative orthologs of insulin-like peptides 6, 7 and 8, likely originated from an ancient gene triplication.

Background: Insects have several genes coding for insulin-like peptides and they have been particularly well studied in . Some of these hormones function as growth hormones and are produced by the fat body and the brain. These act through a typical insulin receptor tyrosine kinase.

The CRF receptor mediates social behavior deficits induced by opiate withdrawal.

Poor sociability and aggressive behavior are key clinical features of opioid use disorders. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system may mediate behavioral effects of substances of abuse but its implication in substance-induced social behavior deficits and outward-directed hostility remains largely unknown. CRF signaling is mediated by two receptor types, termed CRF and CRF .

Metabolic Response of the Yeast During Enrichment in Selenium.

Selenium (Se) was found to inhibit the growth of the yeast ATCC 9950. Cells cultured in 30 mg selenite/L supplemented medium could bind 1368 µg Se/g of dry weight in their structures. Increased accumulation of trehalose and glycogen was observed, which indicated cell response to stress conditions.

Lorcaserin Alters Serotonin and Noradrenaline Tissue Content and Their Interaction With Dopamine in the Rat Brain.

Lorcaserin is a preferential serotonin2C receptor (5-HTR) agonist effective to treat obesity that has also recently been proposed to treat addiction and epilepsy. Central dopamine (DA) mechanisms are likely involved in the lorcaserin mechanism of action, but other monoamines 5-HT and noradrenaline (NA) contents or their interaction with DA might account for its effects. Here we showed that lorcaserin at 3, but not 0.

The role of the endocannabinoid system in autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from mouse studies.

A substantive volume of research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has emerged in recent years adding to our understanding of the etiopathological process. Preclinical models in mice and rats have been highly instrumental in modeling and dissecting the contributions of a multitude of known genetic and environmental risk factors. However, the translation of preclinical data into suitable drug targets must overcome three critical hurdles: (i) ASD comprises a highly heterogeneous group of conditions that can markedly differ in terms of their clinical presentation and symptoms, (ii) the plethora of genetic and environmental risk factors suggests a complex, non-unitary, etiopathology, and (iii) the lack of consensus over the myriad of preclinical models, with respect to both construct validity and face validity.