Patient-Reported Outcome and Experience Measures (PROM/PREM) in Patients Undergoing Liver Surgery with Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS): An Exploratory Study.

Background: ERAS (Enhanced Recovery after Surgery) is an evidence-based multidisciplinary approach focusing on optimizing outcomes after surgery through structured clinical pathways. This study aimed to assess patient-reported outcome and experience measures (PROM/PREM), which are not routinely assessed after liver surgery within an ERAS protocol.

Methods: Routine outcome parameters were extracted from clinical documentation.

Difficulties and challenges experienced by nurses in eldercare institutions in Albania: A qualitative content analysis.

Introduction: The global and Albanian populations of elderly people are steadily increasing. It is estimated that the number of elderly adults requiring care in Albania will rise from 90.9 thousand to 130.

Technology-Supported Behavior Change-Applying Design Thinking to mHealth Application Development.

Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of global deaths. The risk of their development and progression is increased by modifiable behavioral risk factors. Yet, despite the known benefits of primary and secondary prevention, people often do not follow recommendations for a healthier lifestyle.

Global sensitivity of EEG source analysis to tissue conductivity uncertainties.

Introduction: To reliably solve the EEG inverse problem, accurate EEG forward solutions based on a detailed, individual volume conductor model of the head are essential. A crucial-but often neglected-aspect in generating a volume conductor model is the choice of the tissue conductivities, as these may vary from subject to subject. In this study, we investigate the sensitivity of EEG forward and inverse solutions to tissue conductivity uncertainties for sources distributed over the whole cortex surface.

Attitudes towards career choice and general practice: a cross-sectional survey of medical students and residents in Tyrol, Austria.

Background: The global primary healthcare workforce is declining, leading to a shortage of general practitioners. Although various educational models aim to increase interest in general practice, effective interventions are limited. The reasons for this low appeal among medical graduates remain unclear.

The EORTC QLU-C10D is a valid cancer-specific preference-based measure for cost-utility and health technology assessment in the Netherlands.

Background: Cost-utility analysis typically relies on preference-based measures (PBMs). While generic PBMs are widely used, disease-specific PBMs can capture aspects relevant for certain patient populations. Here the EORTC QLU-C10D, a cancer-specific PBM based on the QLQ-C30, is validated using Dutch trial data with the EQ-5D-3L as a generic comparator measure.

Mortality, and life expectancy in Epilepsy and Status epilepticus-current trends and future aspects.

Patients with epilepsy carry a risk of premature death which is on average two to three times higher than in the general population. The risk of death is not homogenously distributed over all ages, etiologies, and epilepsy syndromes. People with drug resistant seizures carry the highest risk of death compared to those who are seizure free, whose risk is similar as in the general population.

Anticoagulation with argatroban using hemoclot™ targets is safe and effective in CARDS patients receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: An exploratory bi-centric cohort study.

Unlabelled: Direct thrombin inhibitors, including argatroban, are increasingly used for anticoagulation during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). In many centers activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is used for monitoring, but it can be affected by several confounders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation with argatroban titrated according to diluted thrombin time targets (hemoclot™ assay) compared to anti-Xa guided anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH).

Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance aortic cross-sectional pressure changes and their associations with flow patterns in health and ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Background: Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (ATAA) is a silent and threatening dilation of the ascending aorta (AscAo). Maximal aortic diameter which is currently used for ATAA patients management and surgery planning has been shown to inadequately characterize risk of dissection in a large proportion of patients. Our aim was to propose a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of aortic morphology and pressure-flow-wall associations from four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) data in healthy aging and in patients with ATAA.

Thrombosis prophylaxis following trauma.

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the persistent occurrence of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in major trauma patients despite standard thrombosis prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH). It investigates the inadequacies of standard pharmacologic prophylaxis and proposes alternative approaches not covered in current trauma guidelines.

Recent Findings: Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of monitoring and adjusting subcutaneous LMWH doses based on anti-Xa levels for the purpose of reducing VTE in trauma patients.

Communication of the diagnosis to Klinefelter subjects: an observational study on a key moment of the patient's life.

Purpose: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most prevalent sex chromosome disorder among males. The communication of the KS diagnosis holds significant implications for the diagnosis's acceptance. Recently, the increased use of prenatal diagnostic procedures has raised the question of whether, when, and by whom information, once provided to parents, should be communicated to their children/adolescents.

Acceptability of Using Real-World Data to Estimate Relative Treatment Effects in Health Technology Assessments: Barriers and Future Steps.

Objectives: Evidence about the comparative effects of new treatments is typically collected in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In some instances, RCTs are not possible, or their value is limited by an inability to capture treatment effects over the longer term or in all relevant population subgroups. In these cases, nonrandomized studies (NRS) using real-world data (RWD) are increasingly used to complement trial evidence on treatment effects for health technology assessment (HTA).

Pre-treatment Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Prognostic Value in Predicting Response to Lu-PSMA-I&T Therapy and Patient Survival.

Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of pre-treatment [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and other baseline clinical characteristics in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) patients response to [Lu]Lu-PSMA (PSMA-I&T), as well as patient survival.

Procedures: In this retrospective study, 81 patients who received [Lu]Lu-PSMA-I&T between October 2018 and January 2023 were reviewed. Eligible patients had metastatic castration-resistant PCa, underwent pre-treatment [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and had serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels available.

Cost-effectiveness of a multidimensional post-discharge disease management program for heart failure patients-economic evaluation along a one-year observation period.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the telemedically assisted post-discharge management program (DMP) HerzMobil Tirol (HMT) for heart failure (HF) patients in clinical practice in Austria.

Methods: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis along a retrospective cohort study (2016-2019) of HMT with a propensity score matched cohort of 251 individuals in the HMT and 257 in the usual care (UC) group and a 1-year follow-up. We calculated the effectiveness (hospital-free survival, hospital-free life-years gained, and number of avoided rehospitalizations), costs (HMT, rehospitalizations), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

[Implementation of the German CSNAT-I to support family caregivers in palliative home care: Evaluation results].

Implementation of the German CSNAT-I to support family caregivers in palliative home care: Evaluation results Supporting family carers in palliative home care mostly lacks a systematic approach. In a three-year model project, the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool Intervention (CSNAT-I), an evidence-based person-centred approach for family caregiver support, was implemented and evaluated in three project regions in North Rhine-Westphalia. To present the implementation process and factors that impacted on it.

The assessment of quality of care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population-based cohort in the District of Landeck in Austria.

Introduction: Structured diabetes care based on evidence-based guidelines is one of the main strategies to improve glycemic control and to reduce long-term complications in diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This study is based on the "Diabetes-Landeck Cohort", a population-based cohort of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). We assessed the quality of diabetes care and compared it between three groups of care units, that is, general practitioners (GP), diabetes specialists in private practice (DSPP), and hospitals (HOSP).

Evidence based noninvasive presurgical evaluation for patients with drug resistant epilepsies.

Purpose Of Review: To review the current practices and evidence for the diagnostic accuracy and the benefits of presurgical evaluation.

Recent Findings: Preoperative evaluation of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsies and subsequent epilepsy surgery leads to a significant proportion of seizure-free patients. Even those who are not completely seizure free postoperatively often experience improved quality of life with better social integration.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Oncologic Molecular PET-Imaging: A Narrative Review on Beyond [F]F-FDG Tracers Part II. [F]F-FLT, [F]F-FET, [C]C-MET and Other Less-Commonly Used Radiotracers.

Following the previous part of the narrative review on artificial intelligence (AI) applications in positron emission tomography (PET) using tracers rather than F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]F-FDG), in this part we review the impact of PET-derived radiomics data on the diagnostic performance of other PET radiotracers, F-O-(2-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([F]F-FET), F-Fluorothymidine ([F]F-FLT) and C-Methionine ([C]C-MET). [F]F-FET-PET, using an artificial amino acid taken up into upregulated tumoral cells, showed potential in lesion detection and tumor characterization, especially with its ability to reflect glioma heterogeneity. [F]F-FET-PET-derived textural features appeared to have the potential to reveal considerable information for accurate delineation for guiding biopsy and treatment, differentiate between low-grade and high-grade glioma and related wild-type genotypes, and distinguish pseudoprogression from true progression.

Understanding Employee Voice Behavior Through the Use of Digital Voice Channel in Long-Term Care: Protocol for an Embedded Multiple-Case Study.

Background: Specific challenges in the health care sector, such as hierarchical structures, shortages of nursing staff, and high turnover of nursing staff, can be addressed by a change process of organizational culture into shared governance. Data from business organizations show that the use of digital voice channels provides employee voice. This approach makes concrete the opportunity for employees to raise their voices by answering surveys and making comments in an anonymous forum, which subsequently positively influences staff turnover and sick leave.

Comparative Analysis of Instrumental Variables on the Assignment of Buprenorphine/Naloxone or Methadone for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.

Background: Instrumental variable (IV) analysis provides an alternative set of identification assumptions in the presence of uncontrolled confounding when attempting to estimate causal effects. Our objective was to evaluate the suitability of measures of prescriber preference and calendar time as potential IVs to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD).

Methods: Using linked population-level health administrative data, we constructed five IVs: prescribing preference at the individual, facility, and region levels (continuous and categorical variables), calendar time, and a binary prescriber's preference IV in analyzing the treatment assignment-treatment discontinuation association using both incident-user and prevalent-new-user designs.

Proposing a Principle-Based Approach for Teaching AI Ethics in Medical Education.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, potentially leading to substantial advancements such as improved diagnostics, has been of increasing scientific and societal interest in recent years. However, the use of AI raises new ethical challenges, such as an increased risk of bias and potential discrimination against patients, as well as misdiagnoses potentially leading to over- or underdiagnosis with substantial consequences for patients. Recognizing these challenges, current research underscores the importance of integrating AI ethics into medical education.

Development of clinical items to identify dysphagia in patients with dementia-An e-Delphi study.

Aim: To identify clinical observable items that can be used to identify dysphagia while observing a typical eating situation.

Design: A three-round e-Delphi survey.

Methods: An expert panel consisting of five nurses, eight speech language therapists and five physicians participated in this three-round e-Delphi survey from November 2022 to January 2023.

Which terms should be used to describe medications used in the treatment of seizure disorders? An ILAE position paper.

A variety of terms, such as "antiepileptic," "anticonvulsant," and "antiseizure" have been historically applied to medications for the treatment of seizure disorders. Terminology is important because using terms that do not accurately reflect the action of specific treatments may result in a misunderstanding of their effects and inappropriate use. The present International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) position paper used a Delphi approach to develop recommendations on English-language terminology applicable to pharmacological agents currently approved for treating seizure disorders.