NHR-49/PPAR-α and HLH-30/TFEB cooperate for host defense via a flavin-containing monooxygenase.

The model organism mounts transcriptional defense responses against intestinal bacterial infections that elicit overlapping starvation and infection responses, the regulation of which is not well understood. Direct comparison of that were starved or infected with revealed a large infection-specific transcriptional signature, which was almost completely abrogated by deletion of transcription factor , except for six genes including a flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) gene, . Deletion of severely compromised infection survival, thus identifying the first FMO with innate immunity functions in animals.

Metabolic and bariatric surgery is likely safe, but underutilized in adolescents aged 13-17 years.

Background: Bariatric surgery is now accepted for adolescents; however, we may need to improve access to surgery for this vulnerable age group.

Objectives: To compare the demographic characteristics and short-term safety outcomes of adolescents, college-aged individuals, and young adults who have had metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Setting: Bariatric surgery centers.

Letters of recommendation for pediatric surgery fellowship: Analysis of linguistic differences based on gender of the applicant.

Background: Gender bias in letters of recommendation (LOR) has been reported for candidate selection in academic medicine, typically with females frequently described with communal terms (e.g. helpful, kind, interpersonal) and males described more with agentic terms (e.

Nonpharmacologic Pain Management in Inflammatory Arthritis.

This article provides an overview of nonpharmacologic options for the treatment of pain in patients with inflammatory arthritis, such as peripheral spondyloarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The experience of pain in chronic disease is a complex process influenced by multiple domains of health. The discussion focuses on the establishment of a framework for pain control that engages with factors that influence the experience of pain and explores the evidence base that supports specific modalities of nonpharmacologic pain control, such as mindfulness, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise, massage, splinting, and heat therapy.

Cancer Immune Evasion Through Loss of MHC Class I Antigen Presentation.

Major histocompatibility class I (MHC I) molecules bind peptides derived from a cell's expressed genes and then transport and display this antigenic information on the cell surface. This allows CD8 T cells to identify pathological cells that are synthesizing abnormal proteins, such as cancers that are expressing mutated proteins. In order for many cancers to arise and progress, they need to evolve mechanisms to avoid elimination by CD8 T cells.

Does speed matter? A look at NSQIP-P outcomes based on operative time.

Background: Appendicitis is a common pediatric surgical condition, comprising a large burden of healthcare costs. We aimed to determine if prolonged operative times were associated with increased 30-day complication rates when adjusting for pre-operative risk factors.

Methods: Patients <18 years old, diagnosed intraoperatively with acute uncomplicated appendicitis and undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy were identified from the NSQIP-P 2012-2018 databases.

Hybrid Aptamer-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (aptaMIP) Nanoparticles from Protein Recognition-A Trypsin Model.

Aptamers offer excellent potential for replacing antibodies for molecular recognition purposes however their performance can compromise with biological/environmental degradation being a particular problem. Molecularly imprinted Polymers (MIPs) offer an alternative to biological materials and while these offer the robustness and ability to work in extreme environmental conditions, they often lack the same recognition performance. By slightly adapting the chemical structure of a DNA aptamer it is incorporated for use as the recognition part of a MIP, thus creating an aptamer-MIP hybrid or aptaMIP.

Remote unaffiliated presurgical psychosocial evaluations: a qualitative assessment of the attitudes of ASMBS members.

Background: A psychosocial evaluation is an important component of the preoperative assessment process for people seeking metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), and is required for accreditation of MBS programs. Recently, independent companies without affiliations with MBS programs have been marketing remotely administered, unaffiliated psychosocial evaluations for MBS (RUS), and American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) members have raised concerns about these evaluations.

Objectives: To explore ASMBS members' beliefs about RUS.

Chemical biology of protein citrullination by the protein A arginine deiminases.

Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) that converts peptidyl-arginine into peptidyl-citrulline; citrullination is catalyzed by the protein arginine deiminases (PADs). This PTM is associated with several physiological processes, including the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and DNA-damage induced apoptosis. Notably, aberrant protein citrullination is relevant to several autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases and certain forms of cancer.

Parental cardiovascular health predicts time to onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are transmitted from parents to children. We prospectively examined the association between parental cardiovascular health (CVH) and time to onset of CVD in the offspring.

Methods And Results: The study consisted of a total of 5967 offspring-mother-father trios derived from the Framingham Heart Study.

The 5 Pillars in Tourette Syndrome Deep Brain Stimulation Patient Selection: Present and Future.

The selection of patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) for deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery rests on 5 fundamental pillars. However, the operationalization of the multidisciplinary screening process to evaluate these pillars remains highly diverse, especially across sites. High tic severity and tic-related impact on quality of life (first 2 pillars) require confirmation from objective, validated measures, but malignant features of TS should per se suffice to fulfill this pillar.

Immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder resulting in hair loss. It has numerous variants or patterns, including diffuse type, patchy type, AA totalis, AA universalis, and more. In this graphical review, we provide an overview of AA immunopathogenesis, highlighting loss of immune privilege in the hair follicle as well as key immune cell types, cytokines and chemokines that drive autoimmune attack of the hair follicle.

Keeping weight off: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction alters amygdala functional connectivity during weight loss maintenance in a randomized control trial.

Obesity is associated with significant comorbidities and financial costs. While behavioral interventions produce clinically meaningful weight loss, weight loss maintenance is challenging. The objective was to improve understanding of the neural and psychological mechanisms modified by mindfulness that may predict clinical outcomes.

Site-specific incorporation of citrulline into proteins in mammalian cells.

Citrullination is a post-translational modification (PTM) of arginine that is crucial for several physiological processes, including gene regulation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. Despite recent advances, studies of protein citrullination remain challenging due to the difficulty of accessing proteins homogeneously citrullinated at a specific site. Herein, we report a technology that enables the site-specific incorporation of citrulline (Cit) into proteins in mammalian cells.

Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) and vitiligo are autoimmune diseases that target melanocytes. VKH affects several organs such as the skin, hair follicle, eyes, ears, and meninges, whereas vitiligo is often limited to the skin and mucosa. Many studies have identified immune genes, pathways and cells that drive the pathogeneses of VKH and vitiligo, including interleukins, chemokines, cytotoxic T-cells, and other leukocytes.

Psychosocial support for providers working high-risk exposure settings during a pandemic: A critical discussion.

Psychological first aid is a form of support designed to lessen disaster-related distress. In a pandemic, providers may need such support but with the high risk of exposure, such a program is offered only virtually. The research is scant for traditional post-disaster support and non-existent for virtual; therefore, by using related research this discussion considers the likelihood of providers accessing and benefiting from this program.

RPGR isoform imbalance causes ciliary defects due to exon ORF15 mutations in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP).

Mutations in retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) cause severe retinal ciliopathy, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Although two major alternatively spliced isoforms, RPGRex1-19 and RPGRORF15, are expressed, the relative importance of these isoforms in disease pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we analyzed fibroblast samples from eight patients and found that all of them form longer cilia than normal controls, albeit to different degrees.

Brainstem lesions are associated with sleep apnea in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Studies linking MRI findings in MS patients with obstructive sleep apnea severity are limited.

Objective: We conducted a retrospective study to assess MRI abnormalities associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We performed retrospective chart review of 65 patients with multiple sclerosis who had undergone polysomnography (PSG) for fatigue as well as brain MRI.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Liver Lesion-Initial Characterization.

Incidental liver masses are commonly identified on imaging performed for other indications. Since the prevalence of benign focal liver lesions in adults is high, even in patients with primary malignancy, accurate characterization of incidentally detected lesions is of paramount clinical importance. This document reviews utilization of various imaging modalities for characterization of incidentally detected liver lesions, discussed in the context of several clinical scenarios.

ArfB can displace mRNA to rescue stalled ribosomes.

Ribosomes stalled during translation must be rescued to replenish the pool of translation-competent ribosomal subunits. Bacterial alternative rescue factor B (ArfB) releases nascent peptides from ribosomes stalled on mRNAs truncated at the A site, allowing ribosome recycling. Prior structural work revealed that ArfB recognizes such ribosomes by inserting its C-terminal α-helix into the vacant mRNA tunnel.