Implementation of a roadmap for the comprehensive diagnosis, follow-up, and research of childhood leukemias in vulnerable regions of Mexico: results from the PRONAII Strategy.

The main objective of the National Project for Research and Incidence of Childhood Leukemias is to reduce early mortality rates for these neoplasms in the vulnerable regions of Mexico. This project was conducted in the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Tlaxcala. A key strategy of the project is the implementation of an effective roadmap to ensure that leukemia patients are the target of maximum benefit of interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, clinicians, surveyors, and laboratories.

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia.

Background: A heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).

Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted.

Subclassification of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia according to age, immunophenotype and microenvironment, predicts MRD risk in Mexican children from vulnerable regions.

Introduction: The decisive key to disease-free survival in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, is the combination of diagnostic timeliness and treatment efficacy, guided by accurate patient risk stratification. Implementation of standardized and high-precision diagnostic/prognostic systems is particularly important in the most marginalized geographic areas in Mexico, where high numbers of the pediatric population resides and the highest relapse and early death rates due to acute leukemias are recorded even in those cases diagnosed as standard risk.

Methods: By using a multidimensional and integrated analysis of the immunophenotype of leukemic cells, the immunological context and the tumor microenvironment, this study aim to capture the snapshot of acute leukemia at disease debut of a cohort of Mexican children from vulnerable regions in Puebla, Oaxaca and Tlaxcala and its potential use in risk stratification.

Relationship between air quality and asthma-related emergency hospital admissions in Mexico City 2017-2019.

Background: Previous studies found exposure to air pollution leads to exacerbations of asthma in paediatric and adult patients and increases asthma-related emergency hospital admissions (AREHA).

Methods: AREHAs and levels of air pollutants (PM, PM and NO) were obtained from Mexico City for the period 2017-2019. A time-series approach was used to explore the relationship between air pollutants and AREHA.

Not All Populations of Hispanic Children Have an Increased Frequency of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

The frequency of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been reported with a higher incidence among the populations of Hispanic children. However, in the article by Montes-Rodríguez and colleagues, they found that in the Puerto Rican population, the frequency was below the incidence reported for the U.S.

Consensus on the management of complications of cirrhosis of the liver in pediatrics.

The Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. carried out the Consensus on the Management of Complications of Cirrhosis of the Liver in Pediatrics to provide physicians with useful information for treating said complications.

Neuropsychological intervention in attention and visuospatial skills in two patients with Williams syndrome with different types of genetic deletion.

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a distinctive physical, cognitive, and behavioral profile caused by a microdeletion in the q11.23 region of chromosome 7. The neuropsychological profile of WS is characterized by intellectual disability, hypersociability, and deficits, especially in attention and visuospatial skills.

[B-type brain natriuretic peptide as marker of hemodynamic overload of the patent ductus arteriosus in the preterm infant].

Introducción: El ecocardiograma es el método de referencia para el diagnóstico del conducto arterioso permeable (CAP) hemodinámicamente significativo (CAP-hs) del recién nacido prematuro (RNP). El péptido natriurético tipo B (BNP) puede ser útil en el diagnóstico y el manejo del CAP-hs. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del BNP como marcador de sobrecarga hemodinámica del conducto arterioso permeable en el RNP con edad gestacional < 32 semanas o peso < 1500 gramos, e identificar el mejor punto de corte para los valores de BNP que mejor prediga un CAP con repercusión hemodinámica que requiera tratamiento farmacológico o quirúrgico.

Genotype-Environment Interaction Analysis of NQO1, CYP2E1, and NAT2 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Mexican Interinstitutional Group for the Identification of the Causes of Childhood Leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the main type of cancer in children. In Mexico and other Hispanic populations, the incidence of this neoplasm is one of the highest reported worldwide. Functional polymorphisms of various enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics have been associated with an increased risk of developing ALL, and the risk is different by ethnicity.

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines.

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice.

Treatment with radiosynoviorthesis in hemophilic patients with and without inhibitor.

Background: Spontaneous bleedings occurring into joints (hemarthrosis) are the most common manifestations of hemophilia and causes severe joint damage ultimately resulting in joint disfunction known as hemophilic arthropathy. Among available therapeutic options for reducing recurrent hemarthrosis-associated damage, radiosynoviorthesis (RS) has proven effective in improving joint function.

Aim: To assess the impact of RS with Yttrium(90) citrate (C-Y(90)) on frequency of hemarthroses and joint function in a group of pediatric patients.

Correlation between NT-proBNP levels and the maximun vasoactive-inotropic score in the first 24 hours post-intervention of cardiac surgery.

Introduction: The clinical utility of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as a prognostic marker in pediatric patients with heart failure is controversial. The maximum vasoactive inotropic score at 24 h after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients is an important predictor of morbidity and postoperative mortality.

Objective: To determine if there is a correlation between the serum levels of NT-proBNP and the maximum vasoactive inotropic score at 24 hours after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients seen in the Intensive Care Unit.

Correlation of the protein expression of GRP78 and BIK/NBK with prognostic markers in patients with breast cancer and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of expression of GRP78 and BIK/NBK proteins, as well as to evaluate their correlation with prognostic factors for clinical use in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) or preoperative chemotherapy (PC). An observational, analytical and retrospective study that evaluated the expression of BIK/NBK and GRP78 by means of immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tumour tissue samples obtained before the start of PC was executed. GRP78 was positive in 93.

Differential expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor in endomyocardial tissue of patients with myocarditis.

Recent studies demonstrated that the expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is implicated in the pathophysiology of myocarditis. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between active and borderline myocarditis and CAR expression in endomyocardial tissues, and analyze the association between CAR expression and treatment response. An analytic, cross‑sectional, retrospective study was performed in 26 patients with myocarditis and 10 control subjects without heart disease.

Long Non-Coding RNA and Acute Leukemia.

Acute leukemia (AL) is the main type of cancer in children worldwide. Mortality by this disease is high in developing countries and its etiology remains unanswered. Evidences showing the role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathophysiology of hematological malignancies have increased drastically in the last decade.

Mexican consensus on lysosomal acid lipase deficiency diagnosis.

Introduction: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) causes progressive cholesteryl ester and triglyceride accumulation in the lysosomes of hepatocytes and monocyte-macrophage system cells, resulting in a systemic disease with various manifestations that may go unnoticed. It is indispensable to recognize the deficiency, which can present in patients at any age, so that specific treatment can be given. The aim of the present review was to offer a guide for physicians in understanding the fundamental diagnostic aspects of LAL-D, to successfully aid in its identification.

Dysregulation of mitochondrial function and biogenesis modulators in adipose tissue of obese children.

Background/objectives: We aimed to evaluate mitochondrial biogenesis (MB), structure, metabolism and dysfunction in abdominal adipose tissue from male pediatric patients with obesity.

Subjects/methods: Samples were collected from five children with obesity (percentile ⩾95) and five eutrophic boys (percentile ⩾5/⩽85) (8-12 years old) following parental informed consent. We analyzed the expression of key genes involved in MB (sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 (NRF1, NRF2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and surrogates for mitochondrial function/structure/metabolism (porin, TOMM20, complex I and V, UCP1, UCP2, SIRT3, SOD2) by western blot.

The Mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology.

Introduction: Probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. Their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. However, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available.