[Impact and Temporal Evolution of the Corona Pandemic on Pediatric Emergency Care].

Hintergrund: Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat zu massiven gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Einschränkungen geführt. Im Kindesalter wurden elektive Vorsorgeuntersuchung oftmals nicht wahrgenommen und es zeigte sich eine Reduktion der Zahl der Notfallvorstellungen.

Material Und Methoden: In einer retrospektiven Studie erfolgte eine quantitative Auswertung aller Notfallpatienten der 5 Kindernotaufnahmen Hamburgs und der Kinder- und Jugendarztpraxen der Jahre 2019 und 2020.

Markers of neutrophil activation and extracellular traps formation are predictive of appendicitis in mice and humans: a pilot study.

Appendicitis is one of the most frequent emergencies in pediatric surgery, yet current biomarkers for diagnosis are unspecific and have low predictive values. As neutrophils and extracellular traps (ETs) are an essential component of the immune defense against bacterial infections, and appendicitis is considered an inflammation reaction of the appendix, we hypothesized that neutrophil activation and NET formation play an essential role in appendicitis development and maintenance. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to establish a murine model of appendicitis and to evaluate ETs markers to diagnose appendicitis in mice and humans.

Development of an improved murine model of necrotizing enterocolitis shows the importance of neutrophils in NEC pathogenesis.

Various research models to induce necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in animals exist, yet significant differences in NEC severity between murine animal models and human patients persist. One possible explanation for the difference in severity may be the variance in neutrophil concentration among newborn humans (50-70%) in comparison to neonatal mice (10-25%). However, neutrophil activity has yet to be evaluated in NEC pathogenesis.

The Heidelberg Appendicitis Score Predicts Perforated Appendicitis in Children.

Background: In the future, surgical management of pediatric appendicitis might become limited to nonperforating appendicitis. Thus, it becomes increasingly important to differentiate advanced from simple appendicitis and to predict perforated appendicitis among a group of children with right-sided abdominal pain, which was the aim of this study.

Methods: An institutionally approved, single-center retrospective analysis of all patients with appendectomy from January 2009 to December 2010 was conducted.

The Heidelberg Appendicitis Score Simplifies Identification of Pediatric Appendicitis.

Objective: To identify the factors that facilitate the diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis.

Methods: Institutionally approved retrospective, single center analysis of all patients with acute abdominal pain was done. Medical history, symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings of all children presenting with abdominal pain were evaluated.

Clinical and sonographic features predict testicular torsion in children: a prospective study.

Objective: To test the clinical and sonographic predictors of testicular torsion (TT) with the aim of reducing negative exploration rates.

Patients And Methods: We performed a prospective study of all boys treated for 'acute scrotum' at our institute between January 2001 and April 2012 and clinical findings were documented. If available, ultrasonography (US) was added to the diagnostic evaluation.

Rectum perforation after broomstick impalement in a 17-year-old: case report and review.

Impalement injuries are uncommon, especially in the pediatric population. Because of the rarity of these injuries, physicians may have difficulty recognizing and treating impalement injuries appropriately. Clinical findings are sometimes innocuous, but can be life threatening.

Clinical predictors of testicular torsion in children.

Objective: To distinguish the prognostic factors that decrease the probability of a negative exploration for "acute scrotum." In some institutes, patients with "acute scrotum" undergo immediate exploration after clinical evaluation. Because testicular torsion (TT) accounts only for a fraction of these cases, most infants can be treated conservatively.

Polyorchidism: a meta-analysis.

Purpose: Polyorchidism is an uncommon congenital anomaly. We systematically analyzed the literature due to the contradictory data regarding this condition.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a database search and evaluated relevant articles for the appearance, comorbidities and complications of supernumerary testes.

Enterolithiasis: a case report and review.

Background: Enterolithiasis is an uncommon finding of intraluminal calcified meconium. Whereas extraluminal calcifications are commonly reported and usually indicate intrauterine intestinal perforation with intraperitoneal extravasation of meconium (meconium peritonitis), true intraluminal calcifications of meconium in newborns are rare.

Case Report: We report a case of a newborn boy with pneumothorax and pneumoperitoneum because of a transmediastinal air leakage who unfortunately died on the fifth postnatal day after a pneumopericard.