Association between tobacco advertising policies, health warning mandates and adolescents' exposure to tobacco advertising and warning labels in 80 countries.

Background: Implementation of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) bans and of health warning mandates varies by country, and their impact on adolescents' exposure to tobacco-related messages is not well understood, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries.

Aim: To explore the association of the implementation of TAPS bans and health warning mandates with the proportion of adolescents exposed to tobacco advertisements and health warnings in 80 countries from 2016 to 2021.

Methods: The proportion of 11-17 years old exposed to tobacco advertising was assessed using Global Youth Tobacco Survey data (80 countries, n=428 347).

Gaps in knowledge and management of iron deficiency in heart failure: a nationwide survey of cardiologists in China.

Background: Heart failure (HF) guidelines recommend routine testing for iron deficiency (ID) and, for those with ID, intravenous iron if the left ventricular ejection fraction is <50%. Guideline adherence to these recommendations by cardiologists in China is unknown.

Methods And Results: An independent academic web-based survey was designed and distributed via social networks to cardiologists across China.

Induction of macrophage efferocytosis in pancreatic cancer via PI3Kγ inhibition and radiotherapy promotes tumour control.

Background: The immune suppression mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown, but preclinical studies have implicated macrophage-mediated immune tolerance. Hence, pathways that regulate macrophage phenotype are of strategic interest, with reprogramming strategies focusing on inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) due to restricted immune cell expression. Inhibition of PI3Kγ alone is ineffective in PDAC, despite increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells.

Refining bone marrow ablation and reconstitution in mice.

This report presents findings from a group of UK-based researchers with expertise in the use of animal models for bone marrow ablation and reconstitution. The primary aim is to facilitate the implementation of the Three Rs (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement), with an emphasis on refinement. Bone marrow ablation and reconstitution procedures are performed for a number of different purposes and conducted predominantly in mice.

A Novel Approach to Assessing the Potential of Electronic Decision Support Systems to Improve the Quality of Antenatal Care in Nepal.

Introduction: Electronic decision-support systems (EDSSs) aim to improve the quality of antenatal care (ANC) through adherence to evidence-based guidelines. We assessed the potential of the mHealth integrated model of hypertension, diabetes, and ANC EDSS and the World Health Organization EDSS to improve the quality of ANC in primary-level health care facilities in Nepal.

Methods: From December 2021 to January 2023, we conducted a mixed-methods evaluation in 19 primary-level ANC facilities in Bagmati Province, Nepal.

: children's experiences of visual hallucinations in Charles Bonnet syndrome-a qualitative study.

Objective: Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) refers to the presence of visual hallucinations occurring secondary to visual impairment. The aim of this study was to understand the phenomenology of CBS in children and assess the emotional impact and support needs of patients and their families.

Design: Semistructured qualitative interview study.

Unpacking the Role of Multidimensional Romantic Jealousy in the Perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem.

Previous research has explored the potential role of romantic jealousy in the use of technology to facilitate cyber dating abuse against romantic partners. In this study, we examine the multidimensional nature of romantic jealousy and the mediating role of self-esteem in the perpetration of cyber dating abuse. While much of the existing literature treats cyber dating abuse as a single construct, we propose a more nuanced understanding by distinguishing between psychological cyber dating abuse and relational cyber dating abuse.

What's been tried: a curated catalogue of efforts to improve access to general practice.

Background: Although increasing numbers of appointments are being provided, public satisfaction with access to UK general practice is declining. Previous attempts to improve access have not been systematically collated.

Aim: We aimed to identify interventions to improve access to general practice in the UK, to organise these interventions into thematic categories, and to identify which aspects of access are targeted.

Onabotulinum toxin a treatment for posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain: case series and literature review.

This case series aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of onabotulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in patients with refractory posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP) and to conduct a narrative review of the evidence for BTX-A in PTNP. Thirteen patients were treated with BTX-A infiltrations. Patient demographic and pain characteristics, BTX-A administration, and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.

Computational pathology applied to clinical colorectal cancer cohorts identifies immune and endothelial cell spatial patterns predictive of outcome.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a histologically heterogeneous disease with variable clinical outcome. The role the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays in determining tumour progression is complex and not fully understood. To improve our understanding, it is critical that the TME is studied systematically within clinically annotated patient cohorts with long-term follow-up.

Bridging Them and Us Divisions: A Focus Group Study of Identities in Clinical Psychology Training.

Background: The training of clinical psychologists is conducted by staff, trainees, service users and carers. Often those working in clinical psychology do so due to their own lived experiences. These stakeholders may require having to navigate both personal and professional identities.

Geospatial mapping of drug-resistant tuberculosis prevalence in Africa at national and sub-national levels.

Objective: To map subnational and local prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) across Africa.

Methods: We assembled a geolocated dataset from 173 sources across 31 African countries, comprising drug susceptibility test results and covariate data from publicly available databases. We used Bayesian model-based geostatistical framework with multivariate Bayesian logistic regression model to estimate DR-TB prevalence at lower administrative levels.

Evaluating student understanding of pharmacodynamics core concepts.

Pharmacodynamics is an essential subdiscipline of pharmacology that underpins safe and effective prescribing and therapeutic decision-making, as well as drug discovery and development. The exponential increase in the number of therapeutic drugs has prompted members of the pharmacology educator community to question existing pharmacology curricula focused on individual drugs and move toward a curriculum focused on conceptual understanding. A first step towards conceptual understanding is to establish what students currently know about pharmacodynamic core concepts.

Longitudinal Twin Growth Discordance Patterns and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct a longitudinal assessment of inter-twin growth and Doppler discordance, to identify possible distinct patterns, and to investigate the predictive value of longitudinal discordance patterns for adverse perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included twin pregnancies followed and delivered at a tertiary University Hospital in London (UK), between 2010 and 2023. We included pregnancies with at least three ultrasound assessments after 18 weeks and delivery after 34 weeks' gestation.

The arcana of zinc.

This perspective discusses that the essential micronutrient zinc has functions in over 3000 human proteins (the zinc proteome), and the implications of three aspects to ascertain an adequate zinc status for human health. First, the advent of highly sensitive fluorescent (bio)chemicals revealed cellular pools of zinc ions involved in signalling and secretion from cells for paracrine, autocrine, and possibly endocrine functions. Zinc signalling adds a yet unaccounted number of targeted proteins to the already impressive number of zinc proteins.