Study Protocol for 'PsilOCD: A Pharmacological Challenge Study Evaluating the Effects of the 5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin on the Neurocognitive and Clinical Correlates of Compulsivity'.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex condition marked by persistent distressing thoughts and repetitive behaviours. Despite its prevalence, the mechanisms behind OCD remain elusive, and current treatments are limited. This protocol outlines an investigative study for individuals with OCD, exploring the potential of psilocybin to improve key components of cognition implicated in the disorder.

The progress in the field of clinical staging for mental disorders within the last decade: an updated systematic review.

Introduction: Clinical staging aims to refine psychiatric diagnosis by describing mental disorders on a continuum of disorder progression, with the pragmatic goal of improved treatment planning and outcome prediction. The first systematic review on this topic, published a decade ago, included 78 papers, and identified separate staging models for schizophrenia, unipolar depression, bipolar disorder, panic disorder, substance use disorder, anorexia, and bulimia nervosa. The current review updates this review by including new proposals for staging models and by systematically reviewing research based upon full or partial staging models since 2012.

Zooarchaeology of Managed, Captive, Tame, and Domestic Birds: Shifts in Human-Avian Relationships.

In this paper, I review archaeological evidence for shifting human-avian interactions. Many species of birds, altering their behavior in response to anthropogenic niche construction, experienced an increased encounter rate with humans. Intensification of this relationship led to management and domestication of some taxa.

Genomics costing tool: considerations for improving cost-efficiencies through cross scenario comparison.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is crucial for monitoring and investigating infectious disease outbreaks, providing essential data for public health decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly expanded pathogen sequencing and bioinformatics capacities worldwide, creating an opportunity to leverage these advancements for other pathogens with pandemic and epidemic potential. In response to the need for a systematic cost estimation approach for sustainable genomic surveillance, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, five institutions collaborated to develop the genomics costing tool (GCT).

The effect of verdict system on juror decisions: a quantitative meta-analysis.

We study the effect of the Scottish three-verdict system (guilty, not guilty, not proven) and the Anglo-American two-verdict system (guilty, not guilty) on juror decisions by combining data sets from 10 mock trials reported in suitable studies. A logistic regression with random effects uses the exact number of convictions and acquittals in 10 mock trials from a total of 1778 jurors to reliably estimate the effect of verdict system. We found a statistically significant verdict effect suggesting that the odds for a conviction by a juror are about 0.

Genetically predicted causal link between the plasma lipidome and pancreatic diseases: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have increasingly emphasized the strong correlation between the lipidome and the risk of pancreatic diseases. To determine causality, a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to identify connections between the lipidome and pancreatic diseases.

Methods: Statistics from a genome-wide association study of the plasma lipidome, which included a diverse array of 179 lipid species, were obtained from the GeneRISK cohort study with 7,174 participants.

Adult phenotypes of genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies constitute a group of severe epilepsies, with seizure onset typically occurring in infancy or childhood, and diverse clinical manifestations, including neurodevelopmental deficits and multimorbidities. Many have genetic aetiologies, identified in up to 50% of individuals. Whilst classically considered paediatric disorders, most are compatible with survival into adulthood, but their adult phenotypes remain inadequately understood.

Going 'meta': a systematic review of metacognition and functional neurological disorder.

In functional neurological disorder (FND), there is a fundamental disconnect between an apparently intact nervous system and the individuals' ability to consistently perform motor actions, perceive sensory signals and/or access effective cognition. Metacognition, the capacity to self-evaluate cognitive performance, appears highly relevant to FND pathophysiology. Poor metacognition is a potential mechanism via which abnormal models of self and the state of the world could arise and persist unchecked.

Cardiac rehabilitation in ACHD: Further investment is now due.

It is paramount that we as CHD physicians and health care providers apply an individualised patient approach to assessing and encouraging an active lifestyle to all CHD patients and referring freely patients undergoing percutaneous / surgical interventions orafter decompensated heart failure admissions for cardiac rehabilitation.

CD44-Receptors-Mediated Multiprong Targeting Strategy Against Breast Cancer and Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Design, Optimization, Characterization, and Cytologic Evaluation.

Introduction: Owing to its high prevalence, colossal potential of chemoresistance, metastasis, and relapse, breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities in women. Several treatments (eg, chemotherapy, surgery, radiations, hormonal therapy, etc.) are conventionally prescribed for the treatment of BC; however, these are associated with serious systemic aftermaths.

How does the medicines retail sector ensure continued access to medicines during public health emergencies? Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda.

Background: The medicines retail sector (MRS) enables access to life-saving health commodities. Despite efforts to harness this market for public health goals, in low- and middle-income countries it is rarely incorporated into pandemic preparedness. This paper analyses the role of the MRS in the response to COVID-19 in Uganda, the extent to which it was incorporated into national planning and in the continuity of essential services.

Comparative main effects, mediators, and moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic spinal pain: Randomized controlled trial rationale and protocol.

Background: Chronic spinal (back/neck) pain is common and costly. Psychosocial treatments are available but have modest effects. Knowledge of treatment mechanisms (mediators and moderators) can be used to enhance efficacy.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in microglia and its sequelae: What do we know so far?

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic. After the success of therapeutics and worldwide vaccination, the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infections are yet to be determined. Common symptoms of COVID-19 include the loss of taste and smell, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 infection has a potentially detrimental effect on neurons within the olfactory/taste pathways, with direct access to the central nervous system (CNS).

Antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections-a systematic review.

Background: Reducing antibiotic duration is a key stewardship intervention to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We examined current evidence informing antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections to identify any gaps in terms of settings, patient populations and infectious conditions. Trial methodologies were assessed to identify areas for improvement.

Spatiotemporal variation in size-dependent growth rates in small isolated populations of Arctic charr ().

As a key life-history trait, growth rates are often used to measure individual performance and to inform parameters in demographic models. Furthermore, intraspecific trait variation generates diversity in nature. Therefore, partitioning out and understanding drivers of spatiotemporal variation in growth rate is of fundamental interest in ecology and evolution.

Analysis of over 1600 chemistry YouTube channels from 2005 to 2023.

Chemistry has found broad appeal on the freely available global video-sharing platform YouTube, with some YouTube videos even being cited in the peer-reviewed chemistry literature. By applying both manual and semi-automated search methods, we identified, categorized and analysed publicly available data for 1619 chemistry YouTube channels that were available in 2023. Forty-nine per cent of channels were active in 12 months prior to sampling.

Reconstruction of feeding behaviour and diet in Devonian ctenacanth chondrichthyans using dental microwear texture and finite element analyses.

Devonian ctenacanth chondrichthyans reached body sizes similar to modern great white sharks and therefore might have been apex predators of the Devonian seas. However, very little is known about the diet and feeding behaviours of these large ancestral sharks. To reconstruct their ecological properties, teeth of the large Famennian (Late Devonian) chondrichthyan from the Anti-Atlas, Morocco, were analysed.

A novel imatinib analogue inhibitor of chronic myeloid leukaemia: design, synthesis and characterization-explanation of its folded conformation.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is primarily treated using imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting the BCR::ABL1 oncoprotein. However, the development of drug resistance and adverse side effects necessitate the exploration of alternative therapeutic agents. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of a novel imatinib analogue, 3-chloro--(2-methyl-5-((4-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)phenyl)benzamide (PAPP1).

Explorative Study of Modulatory Effects of Notochordal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on the IL-1β-Induced Catabolic Cascade in Nucleus Pulposus Cell Pellets and Explants.

Background: Cell-free regenerative strategies, such as notochordal cell (NC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), are an attractive alternative in developing new therapies for intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. NC-EVs have been reported to elicit matrix anabolic effects on nucleus pulposus cells from degenerated IVDs cultured under basal conditions. However, the degenerative process is exacerbated by pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the vicious degenerative cycle.

Co-creating a person-centered creative engagement intervention for Parkinson's care.

Background: Recent research in the field of "Arts and Health" has demonstrated the beneficial impact of arts-based interventions on health and well-being across diverse populations. Recognizing their potential, especially in cases where conventional healthcare cannot address the multifaceted impact of conditions such as in Parkinson's disease (PD), our study advocates for an integrative approach in medical practice and neuroscience. We recommend incorporating learning environments from the design phase through long-term care.

Effects of music training on executive functions in preschool children aged 3-6 years: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Executive functions is a crucial ability in the early development of preschool children. While numerous studies have found that music training has a favorable effect on children's executive functions, there is a lack of a consistent perspective on this topic, particularly with regard to the dose-response relationship.

Methods: Systematic searches were conducted of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure.

Effects of virtual reality motor games on motor skills in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Enhancing motor skills is crucial for the functional development of children with cerebral palsy. Virtual reality has emerged as a promising technology for rehabilitating these children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of virtual reality motor games on the gross and fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy.

The genome sequence of a leafhopper, Scott, 1876.

We present a genome assembly from an individual male specimen of (leafhopper; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hemiptera; Cicadellidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,819.90 megabases.

A systematic review of the cost-effectiveness of anti-VEGF drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy are common complications of diabetes and a major cause of sight loss. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs represent a treatment option for people with diabetic retinopathy and are routinely used to treat various other eye conditions. However, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs are expensive relative to current care options, and it is unclear whether this additional cost is justified when the immediate risk of vision loss is lower compared to patients with more aggressive ophthalmological conditions.