Cardiovascular health and risks of atrial fibrillation and its prognosis.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia around the world with an increased risk of a broad spectrum of adverse comorbidities and death. Whether cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with AF development remains unclear.

Methods: 238,420 participants without cardiovascular disease at baseline were selected from the UK Biobank study cohort from 2006 to 2010.

Survival outcomes among periviable infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing different income countries and time periods.

Background: Periviable infants are a highly vulnerable neonatal group, and their survival rates are considerably affected by patient-, caregiver-, and institution-level factors, exhibiting wide variability across different income countries and time periods. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the survival rates of periviable infants and compare rates among countries with varied income levels and across different time periods.

Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science.

A Probabilistic Liquefaction Hazard Analysis: Case Studies from the Marmara Region.

Earthquake induced soil liquefaction poses a significant threat to buildings and infrastructure, as evidenced by numerous catastrophic seismic events. Existing approaches of regional liquefaction hazard assessment predominantly rely on deterministic analysis methods. This paper presents a novel Probabilistic Liquefaction Hazard Analysis (PLHA) framework based on Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations to mitigate future seismic risks associated with liquefaction.

Identification of USP2 as a novel target to induce degradation of KRAS in myeloma cells.

Inducing the degradation of KRAS represents a novel strategy to combat cancers with KRAS mutation. In this study, we identify ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) as a novel deubiquitinating enzyme of KRAS in multiple myeloma (MM). Specifically, we demonstrate that gambogic acid (GA) forms a covalent bond with the cysteine 284 residue of USP2 through an allosteric pocket, inhibiting its deubiquitinating activity.

Conformal Field Theory, Solitons, and Elliptic Calogero-Sutherland Models.

We construct a non-chiral conformal field theory (CFT) on the torus that accommodates a second quantization of the elliptic Calogero-Sutherland (eCS) model. We show that the CFT operator that provides this second quantization defines, at the same time, a quantum version of a soliton equation called the non-chiral intermediate long-wave (ncILW) equation. We also show that this CFT operator is a second quantization of a generalized eCS model which can describe arbitrary numbers of four different kinds of particles; we propose that these particles can be identified with solitons of the quantum ncILW equation.

Prehospital critical care beyond advanced life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review.

Aim: To assess the clinical outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by prehospital critical care teams compared to non-critical care teams.

Methods: This review was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and the eligibility criteria followed a PICOST framework for ILCOR systematic reviews. Prehospital critical care was defined as any provider with enhanced clinical competencies beyond standard advanced life support algorithms and dedicated dispatch to critically ill patients.

From "traditional" to modern medicine: A medical and historical analysis of L. (Cempasúchil).

The medicinal value of herbal products is often rooted in their "traditional" use, recontextualized by modern biomedical research granting them certain medical uses. L. (Asteraceae), native to Mexico, exemplifies such historical developments of a species that played a key role in developing a major pharmacologically active compound - lutein.

Optimising data sharing whilst protecting participant privacy: a data note describing processed data from a qualitative study of healthcare professionals' experiences of caring for women with false positive screening test results.

Introduction: The present article describes the processed data generated in a qualitative interview study and template analysis. Many women find the experience of being recalled and receiving a false-positive breast screening test result to be distressing. The interview study aimed to understand breast screening healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of providing care during the recall process and when receiving false-positive screening test results, including their communication with women around false-positive screening test results.

Design, synthesis, , and studies of novel isatin-hybrid hydrazones as potential triple-negative breast cancer agents.

Recent advances in cancer therapy have been made possible by monoclonal antibodies, domain antibodies, antibody drug conjugates, The most impact has come from controlling cell cycle checkpoints through checkpoint inhibitors. This manuscript explores the potential of a series of novel -benzyl isatin based hydrazones (5-25), which were synthesized and evaluated as anti-breast cancer agents. The synthesized hydrazones of -benzyl isatin were screened against two cell lines, the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and the MCF-10A breast epithelial cell line.

The potential for glacial flour to impact soil fertility, crop yield and nutrition in mountain regions.

Novel sustainable agricultural strategies that enhance soil nutrients and human nutrition are crucial for meeting global food production needs. Here, we evaluate the potential of "glacial flour," a naturally crushed rock produced by glaciers known to be rich in nutrients (P, K, and micronutrients) needed for plant growth. Our proof-of-concept study, investigated soybean ( var.

Critical Steps in Shotgun Metagenomics-Based Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections Using Nanopore Sequencing.

Shotgun metagenomics offers a broad detection of pathogens for rapid blood stream infection of pathogens but struggles with often low numbers of pathogens combined with high levels of human background DNA in clinical samples. This study aimed to develop a shotgun metagenomics protocol using blood spiked with various bacteria and to assess bacterial DNA extraction efficiency with human DNA depletion. The Blood Pathogen Kit (Molzym) was used to extract DNA from EDTA-whole blood (WB) and plasma samples, using contrived blood specimens spiked with bacteria for shotgun metagenomics diagnostics via Oxford Nanopore sequencing and PCR-based library preparation.

A complementary experimental and computational study on methanol adsorption isotherms of H-ZSM-5.

Methanol adsorption isotherms of fresh f-ZSM-5 and steamed s-ZSM-5 (Si/Al ≈ 40) are investigated experimentally at room temperature under equilibrium and by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations with the aim of understanding the adsorption capacity, geometry and sites as a function of steam treatment (at 573 K for 24 h). Methanol adsorption energies calculated by GCMC are complemented by density functional theory (DFT) employing both periodic and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) techniques. Physical and textural properties of f-ZSM-5 and s-ZSM-5 are characterised by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformed spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and N-physisorption, which form a basis to construct models for f-ZSM-5 and s-ZSM-5 to simulate methanol adsorption isotherms by GCMC.

Mechanical Analysis of Phellinus Linteus-Induced Apoptosis of Hepatoma Cells.

Liver cancer is prevalent with the third highest mortality rate globally. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells play a crucial role in their proliferation and differentiation. Studying the morphological and mechanical properties of individual living cells can be helpful for early diagnosis of cancers.

A Randomized Clinical Study Investigating the Stain Removal Efficacy of Two Experimental Dentifrices.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate extrinsic tooth stain removal and whitening efficacy of two experimental dentifrices containing (i) 5% sodium tripolyphosphate (STP)/1% micronized alumina or (ii) 5% STP/1% micronized alumina with abrasive silica (ED2) compared to a regular fluoride dentifrice (RFD) following 8 weeks of use.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, controlled, blind, three-arm, stratified, parallel-group study. Eligible participants underwent clinical assessment of stain on the facial/lingual surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth using the modified Lobene stain index (MLSI), and shade of the facial surfaces of the central and lateral maxillary incisors using the VITA Bleachedguide 3D-Master (VITA) shade guide.

Plague in Small Mammals From an Endemic Focus of the Malagasy Central Highlands: A Longitudinal Survey With a Special Reference on Black Rats (Rattus rattus).

Plague, a zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, remains a major public health threat in several parts of the world, including Madagascar. Factors underlying long-term persistence and emergence of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We implemented a longitudinal survey to provide insights into plague reservoir ecology within an endemic focus.

Stand Diversity Does Not Mitigate Increased Herbivory on Climate-Matched Oaks in an Assisted Migration Experiment.

Assisted migration is a tree-planting method where tree species or populations are translocated with the aim of establishing more climate-resilient forests. However, this might potentially increase the susceptibility of translocated trees to herbivory. Stand diversification through planting trees in species or genotypic mixtures may reduce the amount of damage by insect pests, but its effectiveness in mitigation of excess herbivory on climate-matched trees has seldom been explored.

Klinefelter Syndrome: A Review.

Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is an uncommonly recognised condition typified by gynaecomastia, small testes and aspermatogenesis. It is caused by a supernumerary X chromosome, resulting in a 47 XXY karyotype. Since its first description, the phenotype of KS has evolved and there is a much greater appreciation of the subtle features of the condition.

Elective Aortic Surgery for Prevention of Aortic Dissection in Turner Syndrome: The Potential Impact of Updated European Society of Cardiology and International Turner Syndrome Consensus Group Guidelines on Referrals to the Heart Team.

Objective: The risk of aortic dissection is increased in Turner Syndrome (TS). Aortic dilation is thought to contribute to this risk and may be managed with elective aortic surgery. New TS guidance has lowered the aortic size thresholds for consideration of aortic surgery.

Investigating Cell Wall Diffusion in Wood Modified with Phenol Urea Formaldehyde Resin in Different Length Scales.

Wood modification using low molecular weight thermosetting resins improves the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood while avoiding increasingly regulated biocides. During the modification process, resin monomers diffuse from the cell lumen to the cell wall, occupying micropore spaces before curing at 150 °C. This study investigated the mechanism of cell wall diffusion at multiple scales, comparing two test groups where diffusion was either facilitated or restricted.

Public Involvement to Enhance Care Home Research; Collaboration on a Minimum Data Set for Care Homes.

Introduction: Information on care home residents in England is captured in numerous data sets (care home records, General Practitioner records, community nursing, etc.) but little of this information is currently analysed in a way that is useful for care providers, current or future residents and families or that realises the potential of data to enhance care provision. The DACHA study aimed to develop and test a minimum data set (MDS) which would bring together data that is useful to support and improve care and facilitate research.

Recent Advances on Characterization Techniques for the Composition-Structure-Property Relationships of Solid Electrolyte Interphase.

The Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) is a nanoscale thickness passivation layer that forms as a product of electrolyte decomposition through a combination of chemical and electrochemical reactions in the cell and evolves over time with charge/discharge cycling. The formation and stability of SEI directly determine the fundamental properties of the battery such as first coulombic efficiency (FCE), energy/power density, storage life, cycle life, and safety. The dynamic nature of SEI along with the presence of spatially inhomogeneous organic and inorganic components in SEI encompassing crystalline, amorphous, and polymeric nature distributed across the electrolyte to the electrolyte-electrode interface, highlights the need for advanced in situ/operando techniques to understand the formation and structure of these materials in creating a stable interface in real-world operating conditions.

Advances in the Design of Photoactivatable Metallodrugs: Excited State Metallomics.

Photoactivatable metal complexes offer the prospect of novel drugs with low side effects and new mechanisms of action to combat resistance to current therapy. We highlight recent progress in the design of platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold and other transition metal complexes, especially for applications as anticancer and anti-infective agents. In particular, understanding excited state chemistry related to identification of the bioactive species (excited state metallomics/pharmacophores) is important.

Increased neutrophil elastase in affected lobes of bronchiectasis and correlation of its levels between sputum and bronchial lavage fluid.

Background: Neutrophil elastase (NE) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for evaluating the severity and prognosis of bronchiectasis. This study aimed to compare bronchial lavage quantification of NE levels and activities with those of sputum.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 24 Vietnamese adults with bronchiectasis were enrolled from June 2023 to August 2023.

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.