Age at Menarche and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: Divergent Associations with Different Sources of Variation.

Background: In women, both earlier and later age at menarche (AAM) are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to determine if the relationship of AAM with CAD and CAD risk factors differs for different underlying sources of variation in AAM - specifically, variation attributable to common genetic variants as represented by a polygenic score (PGS) vs. variation in AAM adjusted for the PGS.

The impact of stigma and discrimination-based narratives in the health of migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review.

Stigma and discrimination-based narratives have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Migrants and refugees face multiple barriers to accessing healthcare, influenced by stigma and discrimination-based narratives against them. We conducted a scoping review of scientific and grey literature (n = 61) to discuss available evidence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) concerning communication and narrative speeches related to international migration and its implications for population health, particularly when associated with stigma and discrimination against migrants and refugees.

The experiences of attending an international veteran sporting competition and preparatory camp for Team Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian conflict.

Introduction: This article offers unique insight into Team Ukraine's experiences of attending an international sporting event for veterans living with disability and injured active-duty personnel (the United States' Department of Defense Warrior Games, "The Games") and a 5-week preparatory camp in the United Kingdom (UK).

Methods: A survey gathered qualitative data at three time points: during the second and final week of training camp, and the in the two weeks immediately following participation at The Games. Forty-four out of 55 members of Team Ukraine (including veterans, active-duty personnel, support staff, and family members) provided responses in Survey 1, 20 in Survey 2, and 18 in Survey 3.

Treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with conservative methods based on exercises: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically assess the effect size of conservative methods based on exercise for respondents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods: This study was developed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were searched in May 2023.

Evaluation of the effect of 48 weeks of BIC/F/TAF and DRV/c/F/TAF on platelet function in the context of rapid ART start.

Introduction: The BIC-T&T study aimed to determine the efficacy of bictegraviremtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/F/TAF) and darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabinetenofovir alafenamide (DRV/c/F/TAF) at suppressing viral load in a two-arm, open-label, multi-centre, randomised trial under a UK test-and-treat setting. This sub-study aimed to evaluate potential off-target cardiovascular impact by examining platelet function.

Methods: Platelets were isolated by centrifugation of citrated blood from participants attending Chelsea and Westminster Hospital or St Mary's Hospital at Week 48 following enrolment.

Attitudes towards mental health professionals in social media: infodemiology study.

Background: Negative perceptions of mental health professionals can deter individuals from seeking mental healthcare. Given the high burden of mental health globally, it is essential to understand attitudes towards mental health professionals. Social media platforms like Twitter/X provide valuable insights into the views of the general population.

Cerebral perfusion alterations in healthy young adults due to two genetic risk factors of Alzheimer's disease: APOE and MAPT.

Functional brain changes such as altered cerebral blood flow occur long before the onset of clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. While cerebral hypoperfusion occurs in established AD, middle-aged carriers of genetic risk factors for AD, including APOE ε4, display regional hyperperfusion due to hypothesised pleiotropic or compensatory effects, representing a possible early biomarker of AD and facilitating earlier AD diagnosis. However, it is not clear whether hyperperfusion already exists even earlier in life.

Paramedic assessment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the out-of-hospital environment: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to develop a comprehensive collection of information about the current processes for paramedics assessing and referring suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the out-of-hospital environment.

Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are frequently encountered by paramedics and ambulance service clinicians. Increased demand on ambulance services has resulted in many of these services developing alternative referral pathways to avoid unnecessary conveyance to emergency departments.

The safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory-impregnated gelatin sponge in spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory-impregnated gelatin sponges in spine surgeries. Gelatin sponges are increasingly used as delivery vehicles for anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs during spine surgeries. However, concerns about their safety and efficacy persist.

Emotional Eating Interventions for Adults Living With Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Behaviour Change Techniques.

Background: Emotional eating (EE) is a barrier to the long-term success of weight loss interventions. Psychological interventions targeting EE have been shown to reduce EE scores and weight (kg), though the mechanisms remain unclear. This review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the specific behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with improved outcomes.

Family carers and the provision of person-centred dementia care for activities of daily living.

Care provided by family members is not always consistent with the principles of person-centred dementia care (PCDC) and interventions to improve the quality of care are needed. A good foundation for the development of such interventions is provided by an understanding of how good and poor care practices are manifested in everyday care, and of the challenges to providing good quality care. Thirty people providing care to a spouse or partner with dementia were interviewed, and asked to describe examples of the care they provided for activities of daily living and the challenges to providing good quality care.

Phenotypic and genotypic landscape of antibiotic resistance through One Health approach in Sri Lanka: A systematic review.

Objectives: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) constitutes a significant burden to economies in developing countries. In the 'One-Health' concept, ABR in human, animals, and environment is interconnected. The aim of this study was to critically appraise literature on ABR in all three domains in One Health, within the Sri Lankan geographical context.

Murphy's Law in cataract surgeries: A retrospective analysis.

Objective: Around 400,000 cataract operations are performed annually in the UK, with a complication rate of 1.95% and the associated financial costs at over £13 million. Cataract operations are occasionally cancelled when patients cannot attend.

The phytoplasma SAP54 effector acts as a molecular matchmaker for leafhopper vectors by targeting plant MADS-box factor SVP.

Obligate parasites often trigger significant changes in their hosts to facilitate transmission to new hosts. The molecular mechanisms behind these extended phenotypes - where genetic information of one organism is manifested as traits in another - remain largely unclear. This study explores the role of the virulence protein SAP54, produced by parasitic phytoplasmas, in attracting leafhopper vectors.

Spontaneous Resolution of the Fe(CO) Anion and Inclusion of Chiral Guest Molecules in BEDT-TTF Radical-Cation Salts.

We report the synthesis of three radical-cation salts of BEDT-TTF from racemic tris(oxalato)ferrate by electrocrystallization in the presence of chiral molecules. In the presence of enantiopure l-(+)-tartaric acid, we observe spontaneous resolution of the labile tris(oxalato)ferrate anion to produce the chiral radical-cation salt α-(BEDT-TTF)[Δ-Fe(CO)].[l-(+)-tartaric acid] which contains only the Δ enantiomer of Fe(CO).

Précis of .

We summarise key messages from the World Bank Report . A central lesson of the Report is that in decision-making on the path to Universal Health Coverage (UHC), procedural fairness matters alongside substantive fairness. Decision systems should be assessed using a complete conception of procedural fairness that embodies core commitments to impartial and equal consideration of interests and perspectives.

The 2023 fatal dengue outbreak in Bangladesh highlights a paradigm shift of geographical distribution of cases.

In 2023, Bangladesh experienced its largest and deadliest outbreak of the Dengue virus (DENV), reporting the highest-ever recorded annual cases and deaths. Historically, most of the cases were recorded in the capital city, Dhaka. We aimed to characterize the geographical transmission of DENV in Bangladesh.

Professionalisation of Community Health Workers: Time for a Formal Contract.

Community health workers (CHWs) are the backbone of strong primary healthcare systems. If properly supported, they can add significant value to access to healthcare service delivery. Yet, despite their proven effectiveness globally, systemwide support for CHWs remains sub-optimal.

High Intensity Physician-Based Service Use for Mental Health Concerns in a General-Population Sample of Children and Youth: Utilisation des services de haute intensité dispensés par des médecins pour les problèmes de santé mentale dans un échantillon d'enfants et de jeunes de la population générale.

Objective: To examine factors associated with high intensity physician-based mental health care services in a population-based sample of children and youth in Ontario, Canada.

Methods: Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study (OCHS) were linked at the person-level to longitudinal health administrative databases containing physician contacts in outpatient settings, emergency departments and hospitals. Our analytical sample (15.

Non-pharmacological Interventions for Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Aims: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in children with preoperative anxiety.

Background: It is estimated that preoperative anxiety affects up to 60% of children which is associated with both immediate and long-term adverse outcomes. Several non-pharmacological interventions have been demonstrated to be effective, but further research is necessary to determine which is the most effective.

Sexual Health, Pleasure, Justice, and Well-Being in People With Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Scoping Review Protocol.

Introduction: Sexual health, pleasure, justice (equity in sexual rights and experiences), and well-being are crucial determinants of health and life quality, yet often overlooked in the rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) field. However, this topic has received more attention recently, and there is a need to map the current literature to inform the direction of future studies. Hence, this protocol outlines a scoping review to systematically map existing evidence on sexual health in people with RMD, exploring key themes and identifying evidence gaps across multiple dimensions, including sexual well-being, justice and pleasure.

Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma in Pediatric Patients: An International Collaborative Study.

Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a rare malignant tumor, frequently affects pediatric patients, with 35%-40% occurring in the head and neck. This study analyzes the clinicopathologic profile of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas from Brazil, Guatemala, Mexico, and South Africa.

Methods: We reviewed 44 cases from 10 Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology services, conducting immunohistochemical analyses of desmin, myogenin, Myo-D1, and Ki67, with quantification via QuPath software.

Person-Centredness and Paternalism: The Dance With Power.

Objective: The World Health Organization advocates for person-centredness (PC) as essential for quality care, yet its definitions and interpretations vary widely among professionals. Most qualitative research on PC focuses on physiotherapists in countries such as the UK, Australia, and the US, where PC is explicitly emphasised. In contrast, the term PC is absent in French educational standards, and its promotion is lacking in the French healthcare system.