The relationship between primate distal fibula trabecular architecture and arboreality, phylogeny and size.

The fibula, despite being traditionally overlooked compared to the femur and the tibia, has recently received attention in primate functional morphology due to its correlation with the degree of arboreality (DOA). Highlighting further fibular features that are associated with arboreal habits would be key to improving palaeobiological inferences in fossil specimens. Here we present the first investigation on the trabecular bone structure of the primate fibula, focusing on the distal epiphysis, across a vast array of species.

Position statement on longitudinal cracks and fractures of teeth.

This position statement is a consensus view of an expert committee convened by the European Society of Endodontology (ESE). The statement is based on current clinical and scientific evidence as well as the collective reflective practice of the committee. The aim is to provide clinicians with evidence-based, authoritative information on the aetiology, clinical presentation, and management of cracks and fractures that typically manifest along the long axis of the crown and/or root.

Luteinizing hormone receptor knockout mouse: What has it taught us?

Luteinizing hormone (LH), along with its agonist choriongonadotropin (hCG) in humans, is the key hormone responsible for the tropic regulation of the gonadal function. LH and hCG act through their cognate receptor, the luteinizing hormone/choriongonadotropin receptor (LHCGR; more appropriately LHR in rodents lacking CG), located in the testis in Leydig cells and in the ovary in theca, luteal, and luteinizing granulosa cells. Low levels in LHCGR are also expressed in numerous extragonadal sites.

Achievement of HbA1c and weight targets in adults with type 2 diabetes on once weekly injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in UK primary care: A retrospective, real-world study.

Aims: Evaluate glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and weight changes after 6 months of once-weekly (QW) injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) therapy in UK primary care.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective, non-interventional study, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care database, identified adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) newly initiating a QW injectable GLP-1 RA between January 2020 and November 2021. Dual primary outcomes were proportion of patients with (1) HbA1c < 7% (<53 mmol/mol) and (2) weight loss categories (from 0% to 15+%) after 6 months of continuous GLP-1 RA therapy.

Antibodies and Inflammation: Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Health in Domestic Ruminants.

Gastrointestinal infections present major challenges to ruminant livestock systems, and gut health is a key constraint on fitness, welfare, and productivity. Fecal biomarkers present opportunities to monitor animal health without using invasive methods, and with greater resolution compared to observational metrics. Here we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for three potential fecal biomarkers of gut health in domestic ruminants: two immunological (total immunoglobulin [Ig]A and total IgG) and one inflammatory (lactoferrin).

Delivery of Islatravir via High Drug-Load, Long-acting Microarray Patches for the Prevention or Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

This research focuses on developing and characterizing islatravir-loaded dissolving microarray patches (MAPs) to provide an effective, minimally invasive treatment option for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) prevention and treatment. The research involves manufacturing these MAPs using a double-casting approach, and conducting in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Results show that the MAPs have excellent needle fidelity, structural integrity, and mechanical strength.

STEP 1: The Scottish Trauma & Orthopaedics Equality Project : demographics and working patterns of a national workforce.

Aims: Trauma & Orthopaedic (T&O) surgery has come under scrutiny for lagging behind other medical specialties in promoting gender and cultural equity and diversity within their workforce. The proportions of female, ethnic minority, and sexual and gender minority individuals within orthopaedic membership bodies are disproportionate to the populations they serve. The aim of this study is to report the findings of a national workforce survey of demographics and working patterns within T&O in Scotland.

Gut Microbiota Metabolites Sensed by Host GPR41/43 Protect Against Hypertension.

Background: Fermentation of dietary fiber by the gut microbiota leads to the production of metabolites called short-chain fatty acids, which lower blood pressure and exert cardioprotective effects. Short-chain fatty acids activate host signaling responses via the functionally redundant receptors GPR41 and GPR43, which are highly expressed by immune cells. Whether and how these receptors protect against hypertension or mediate the cardioprotective effects of dietary fiber remains unknown.

Is videoconference pulmonary rehabilitation associated with improvements in knowledge in people living with COPD? A propensity-matched service-evaluation.

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) services are increasingly using alternative programme delivery modes, for example telerehabilitation strategies including videoconferencing, to improve patient choice and accessibility. Although telerehabilitation results in improvements in core outcomes, the effect on knowledge attainment is not known. To observe the real-world responses of patients choosing to undergo videoconference PR to a matched control group choosing to undergo in-person PR, in terms of knowledge attainment.

The Purple Tomato Story; From Laboratory Bench to the Consumer.

A world apart from academic research, the path from developing a polyphenol-rich crop to a product available to consumers is not one taken by many research scientists. Here we review the steps taken to commercialize anthocyanin-enriched purple tomatoes in the USA. In describing some of the difficulties encountered and the work that was necessary for a successful commercial launch of a new biotech product, we hope to encourage others to believe that there is a viable route to market, and an appetite for polyphenol-enriched foods that can protect health.

Integrating transcriptomics, metabolomics, and network pharmacology to investigate multi-target effects of sporoderm-broken spores of on improving HFD-induced diabetic nephropathy rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disease endangering global health, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a primary complication lacking curative therapy. Sporoderm-broken spores of (GLP), an herbal medicine, has been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. In this study, DN was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin (STZ) and a high-fat diet (HFD), and the protective mechanisms of GLP were investigated through transcriptomic, metabolomic, and network pharmacology (NP) analyses.

Detection of clinically relevant variants in the gene below 10% allelic frequency: A multicenter study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the reliability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect variants ≤10% allelic frequency (low-VAF) is debated. We tested the ability to detect 23 such variants in 41 different laboratories using their NGS method of choice. The sensitivity was 85.

Efficiency of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Thermoplastic Material to Functional and Expansion Forces in Orthodontic Applications: An Experimental Study.

While polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is widely used in orthodontic appliances such as clear aligners and retainers, there is limited experimental data assessing its performance under functional stresses, such as those encountered during dental movements and palatal expansion. This study aims to evaluate the ability of PETG thermoplastic material to withstand deformation under functional and expansion forces, specifically within the context of orthodontic applications. To estimate the firmness of the screw within the appliance, a universal Instron testing machine was used to record the forces released by each activation of the expander within the upper part of 10 clear modified twin blocks (MTBs) made from PETG and compare it with that released by 10 conventional twin blocks (CTBs).

Masticatory muscle changes on magnetic resonance imaging of dogs with compared to meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.

Infectious meningoencephalitides represent an important differential diagnosis for meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) in dogs. Treatment of the latter requires immunosuppression, but laboratory test results for infectious agents may take several days to return. This study investigated whether the presence of masticatory muscle changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head can be used to distinguish dogs with neosporosis from those with MUO at the time of diagnosis.

A rapid literature review of the impact of penicillin allergy on antibiotic resistance.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is caused by the use and misuse of antibiotics. AMR is a global health concern, to which penicillin allergy (penA) labels appear to contribute. Patients who have penA labels are treated with non-penicillin antibiotics and receive more antibiotics when compared with patients without penA.

Effects of physical exercise on anxiety depression and emotion regulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impact of physical exercise interventions on anxiety, depression, and emotional regulation in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including Embase, Web of Science (WOS), PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, VIP Information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from their inception up to July 2024. The search aimed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and emotional regulation in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density is a postoperative prognostic biomarker of hepatobiliary cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether tumor-associated lymphatic vessel density (LVD) could predict the survival of patients with hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers after radical resection.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the inception to July 31, 2024 for literature that reported the role of LVD in overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HBP cancers after radical resection.

Results: Ten studies with 761 patients were included for the meta-analysis.

Risk of Infective Endocarditis Following Invasive Dental Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence and determine the association between IE and dental procedures, including invasive and non-invasive procedures.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases for studies involving procedures such as tooth extraction, scaling, endodontic treatment, oral surgery, and periodontal treatment involving individuals aged ≥15 years. The primary outcome was the incidence of IE following these procedures.

An Efficient Dual-Sampling Approach for Chest CT Diagnosis.

Background: This paper aimed to enhance the diagnostic process of lung abnormalities in computed tomography (CT) images, particularly in distinguishing cancer cells from normal chest tissue. The rapid and uneven growth of cancer cells, presenting with variable symptoms, necessitates an advanced approach for accurate identification.

Objective: To develop a dual-sampling network targeting lung infection regions to address the diagnostic challenge.

Palmitoylethanolamide supplementation for human health: A state-of-the-art systematic review of Randomized Controlled Trials in patient populations.

Interest in preventative dietary interventions for human health has increasingly focused on the endocannabinoid (eCB)-like compound palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a bioactive lipid mediator with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective properties. This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review aimed at collecting and comprehensively discussing all available data from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of PEA supplementation across human illnesses in patient populations. Overall, 48 eligible outputs from 47 RCTs were extracted, covering neuropsychiatric ( = 15), neurological ( = 17), somatic ( = 13), and visceral ( = 11) disturbances, as well as PEA effects on blood/plasma or other tissue biomarkers ( = 10).

Ethics of Procuring and Using Organs or Tissue from Infants and Newborns for Transplantation, Research, or Commercial Purposes: Protocol for a Bioethics Scoping Review.

Unlabelled: Since the inception of transplantation, it has been crucial to ensure that organ or tissue donations are made with valid informed consent to avoid concerns about coercion or exploitation. This issue is particularly challenging when it comes to infants and younger children, insofar as they are unable to provide consent. Despite their vulnerability, infants' organs and tissues are considered valuable for biomedical purposes due to their size and unique properties.

The genome sequence of the white-throated dipper, (Linnaeus, 1758).

We present a genome assembly from a juvenile male (the white-throated dipper; Chordata; Aves; Passeriformes; Cinclidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,170.80 megabases.

Exome sequencing of UK birth cohorts.

Birth cohort studies involve repeated surveys of large numbers of individuals from birth and throughout their lives. They collect information useful for a wide range of life course research domains, and biological samples which can be used to derive data from an increasing collection of omic technologies. This rich source of longitudinal data, when combined with genomic data, offers the scientific community valuable insights ranging from population genetics to applications across the social sciences.

Exploring the experiences of minoritised groups at life sciences conferences in the UK: new perspectives and actions to improve inclusivity in the sector.

Attending and participating in scientific research meetings and conferences is a key mechanism for researchers to share information and knowledge, build networks, and establish relationships and collaborations to support career development. In the UK, researchers from minoritised or underrepresented groups, may have a different experience at a conference than their peers. As a high profile provider of genomics-focussed life science conferences, Wellcome Connecting Science is committed to ensuring that our events are as inclusive as possible.

A multi-patch-based deep learning model with VGG19 for breast cancer classifications in the pathology images.

Purpose: Breast cancer encompasses various subtypes with distinct prognoses, necessitating accurate stratification methods. Current techniques rely on quantifying gene expression in limited subsets. Given the complexity of breast tissues, effective detection and classification of breast cancer is crucial in medical imaging.