Women's Menopausal Experiences in the UK: A Systemic Literature Review of Qualitative Studies.

Background: Menopause, defined as the cessation of periods for over 12 months, can have a profound impact on women in numerous ways. Understanding women's experiences of menopause can lead to improved care and support during this transformative period.

Objectives: The objective of this systematic review is to identify and summarise published qualitative studies that consider the lived experiences of women with menopause in the UK and to serve as a basis for future research in the field of menopause.

Bringing Young People, Health and Social Care Professionals, Transition Champions and Policymakers Together Through Hybrid Methods of Participation: Creating a Space for Shared Understanding of What Is Required to Improve Young People's Healthcare Transition.

Introduction: A multi-stakeholder conference was held in 2023, celebrating the achievements of the Burdett National Transition Nursing Network (BNTNN). The BNTNN had been implemented across England in 2020 to map the current state of young people's healthcare transition into adult services across England, and work with key stakeholders to coach them through making sustainable quality improvements to young people's transition services. This work was funded by the Burdett Trust for Nursing, following the success of an exemplar Model for Quality Improvement (QI) for Transition, which had been developed at a Teaching Hospital in England.

Electronic cigarettes and subsequent cigarette smoking in young people: A systematic review.

Aims: To assess the evidence for a relationship between the use of e-cigarettes and subsequent smoking in young people (≤29 years), and whether this differs by demographic characteristics.

Methods: Systematic review with association direction plots (searches to April 2023). Screening, data extraction and critical appraisal followed Cochrane methods.

Childhood obesity trajectories and adolescent mental health: A UK cohort study.

Background: There is limited evidence on how changes in obesity from childhood to adolescence are associated with adolescent mental health. We examined the associations between childhood obesity trajectories, obesity episodes, and mental health at age 17.

Methods: Data were from the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Physiological rhythms and metabolic regulation: Shining light on skeletal muscle.

Metabolic regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis in response to fluctuating dietary nutrient availability. In this review, we explore how metabolic health can be affected by the temporal alignment between daily behavioural patterns (e.g.

Formula Labelling in the United Kingdom: Manufacturers' Compliance With the Code, UK Law and Guidance Notes.

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes ('the Code') was established to protect babies and young children from inappropriate marketing of formula milk, bottles and teats and avoid undue commercial influence on caregiver infant feeding practices, including undermining breastfeeding and safe and appropriate formula feeding. UK law encompasses some but not all of the Code. To address persisting concerns about the marketing of infant formula (IF) and follow-on formula (FoF), we assessed labelling compliance in the UK against relevant provisions in the Code, UK law and Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) Guidance Notes which interpret UK law.

Photoacids and Photobases: Applications in Functional Dynamic Systems.

Brønsted photoacids and photobases are a unique class of molecules that undergo a major change in their pK values between their ground and excited states, resulting in donating or accepting a proton, respectively, but only after light excitation. This property of photoacids/photobases makes them an attractive tool for light-gating various dynamic processes. Here, we review the use of this property to manipulate functional dynamic systems with light.

Infant Feeding Practices in Ethiopia: Birth Cohort Study in Five Regions.

Appropriate infant feeding is crucial to ensure optimal child growth and survival. We aimed to assess infants' breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices from 0 to 12 months in Ethiopia. This study was a secondary analysis of data from the Ethiopia Performance Monitoring for Action panel study performed from July 2020 to August 2021.

Angiogenic factors alone or in combination with ultrasound Doppler criteria for risk classification among late-onset small fetuses with or without pre-eclampsia.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of maternal angiogenic factors in late-onset small fetuses, alone or in combination with the ultrasound and Doppler parameters currently used for the classification of low-risk small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses or high-risk fetal growth restriction (FGR), overall and according to the presence or absence of pre-eclampsia.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of women with a singleton pregnancy with a diagnosis of late-onset fetal smallness (defined as birth weight < 10 centile) and a gestational age of ≥ 34 weeks at delivery. Ultrasound assessment of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and Doppler assessment of uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) were performed every 1-2 weeks.

A novel framework to build saliva-based DNA methylation biomarkers: Quantifying systemic chronic inflammation as a case study.

Accessible and non-invasive biomarkers that measure human ageing processes and the risk of developing age-related disease are paramount in preventative healthcare. Here, we describe a novel framework to train saliva-based DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers that are reproducible and biologically interpretable. By leveraging a reliability dataset with replicates across tissues, we demonstrate that it is possible to transfer knowledge from blood DNAm to saliva DNAm data using DNAm proxies of blood proteins (EpiScores).

Optic Disc Pallor in Parkinson's Disease: A UK Biobank Study.

Background: Recent studies have suggested that retinal changes measured with optical coherence tomography are detectable in early Parkinson's disease (PD), highlighting the potential of ophthalmic biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.

Objective: We set out to investigate the relationship between optic disc pallor measured in fundoscopy images and both prevalent and incident PD.

Methods: We analyzed color fundus photographs from 787 UK Biobank participants: 89 with prevalent PD, 317 with incident PD, and 381 age- and sex-matched controls.

Extended-release pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders in incarcerated populations: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Substance use (SU) is prevalent among individuals in the criminal justice system (CJS). However, there is often poor access to treatment. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two medications, extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) for the prison population.

Prevalence and Treatment Patterns of Anaemia in Individuals With Chronic Kidney Disease Across Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Aim: Anaemia is a significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its prevalence and treatment patterns in Asia are poorly understood. We sought to quantify prevalence of anaemia and its treatment in people with CKD across the region.

The Hidden Value of Adult Informal Care in Europe.

The hidden value of adult informal care (IC) refers to the unaccounted value of informal care in overall costs of long-term care (LTC) estimates. This paper estimates the net value of adult IC in Europe, drawing on a well-being-based methodology. We use an instrumental variable strategy and a longitudinal and cross-country dataset to estimate the causal effect of the extensive and intensive margin of caregiving on subjective well-being.

Chronic Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Is Associated With Reduced 30-Day Mortality From Acute Pancreatitis.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) decrease pancreatic exocrine secretions. There has been interest in the impact of their short-term in-hospital administration on acute pancreatitis (AP) outcomes. It is unknown whether long-term use affects AP outcomes.

Entrusted power enhances psychological other-orientation and altruistic behavioural tendencies.

From the playground to the boardroom, social power profoundly shapes the way people think and behave. Social psychological research has offered a nuanced understanding of the diverse psychological and behavioural tendencies of powerholders. We add to this literature by proposing that powerholders also differ in how they construe the origin of their power.

Recommendations for Advancing Understanding of Eating Disorders in Neurodivergent People: A Commentary on Inal-Kaleli et al. 2024 and Nimbley et al. 2024.

Two recent reviews in the International Journal of Eating Disorders have highlighted the preponderance and unmet needs of neurodivergent people who experience disordered eating. In this commentary, we encourage researchers to engage with the bigger question of "What's Next?" and consider the type of research that is needed to shift the dial by lowering the incidence and persistence of disordered eating in neurodivergent people. As a starting point, we believe that future research must be guided by the needs and priorities of neurodivergent people with experience of eating disorders.

Association of Sleep Traits With Venous Thromboembolism: Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Previous research indicates an association between sleep traits and venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, though causal relationships remain uncertain. This study evaluated combined and independent associations between sleep traits and VTE risk using UK Biobank data and explored the causal associations between sleep traits and VTE through two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the associations between the healthy sleep score, as well as individual sleep traits (including sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, snoring, and chronotype), and VTE risk were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Cladistic estimates of evolutionary rates focused on palaeontological datasets using TNT.

We describe a protocol for estimating evolutionary rates from phylogenetic trees based on parsimony character optimization. The rate estimation is conducted through a TNT script and the results are analysed in a script for the software environment R. The TNT script allows analysing multiple optimal topologies, considering optimization ambiguity, and alternative time-calibrations or pre-calibrated trees.

Heavy Atom as a Molecular Sensor of Electronic Density: The Advanced Dimer-Type Light-Emitting System for NIR Emission.

The approaches to design and control intermolecular interactions for a selective enhancement of specific process(es) are of high interest in technologies using molecular materials. Here, we describe how π-π stacking enables control over the heavy-atom effect and spin-orbit coupling (SOC) through dimerization of an organic emitter in solid media. π-π interactions in a red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter afford specific types of dimers.

Objective assessment of acute pain in foals using a facial expression-based pain scale.

Background: Pain assessment based on facial expressions has been described in foals.

Objectives: To extend previous pilot findings of the Equine Utrecht University Scale for Facial Assessment of Pain in Foals (EQUUS-FAP FOAL).

Study Design: Prospective blinded case-control study (known groups analysis).