A Qualitative Vignette Study of Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Bystanders in Racism in the Higher Education Context in Finland.

Bystanders play a potentially important role in intervening in incidents of racism, but they often fail to act. Much research has focused on investigating facilitators and barriers to bystander behavior, but mainly in the context of sexual violence. There is a dearth of research in the context of racism, especially outside the English-speaking world.

Is the Victimization-Perpetration Association for School Bullying a Cycle of Bias?

It is well known that some youth are both victims and perpetrators of bullying. However, it remains unclear whether the victim-perpetrator overlap contains specific characteristics, such as bias. Using data from the United States Health Behavior among School-aged Children survey from 2009 to 2010 ( = 8,739), this study investigated the victim-perpetrator overlap for school bullying, with emphasis on assessing whether the perpetrators of biased (i.

Anticancer Attributes and Multifaceted Pharmacological Implications of Laetrile and Amygdalin.

Laetrile, known as vitamin B17, is often used interchangeably with amygdalin. Laetrile is a semi-synthesis product of amygdalin, whereas amygdalin is a naturally occurring substance in many plants. Both compounds have a nitrile functional group that, when activated by the intestinal enzyme β-glucosidases, releases hydrogen cyanide.

Understanding hepcidin for iron management in pregnancy.

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) poses a significant health challenge during pregnancy, affecting up to 30% of pregnant women in the UK. It has been linked to poor health outcomes for the mother, foetus, and the infant. Despite its prevalence and impact, current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are limited.

Gestational trophoblastic disease: understanding the molecular mechanisms of placental tumours.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) describes a group of rare benign and cancerous lesions originating from the trophoblast cells of the placenta. These neoplasms are unconventional entities, being one of the few instances in which cancer develops from the cells of another organism, the foetus. Although this condition was first described over 100 years ago, the specific genetic and non-genetic drivers of this disease remain unknown to this day.

The Association Between the Quality of Care Provided by Family Members and the Quality of Their Relationship With the Care Receiver in Dementia: A Mixed-methods Observational Study.

Research suggests that the quality of care provided by family members may be influenced by the quality of relationship they have with the person living with dementia. The study investigated this in the context of assisting with daily activities. The quality of the relationship was assessed using the conceptual framework of relationship continuity/discontinuity which focuses on whether the carer experiences their relationship as continuous or discontinuous with the pre-dementia relationship.

Exploring Students' Perceptions and Experiences of Raising Concerns During Pre-Registration Training in England: A Systematic Review.

Aim: To explore the perceptions and experiences of students raising concerns during pre-registration health and/or social care training in England.

Design: Systematic review.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO and Education Research Complete were systematically searched for studies published between September 2015 and August 2024.

Relationships between orofacial pain and sleep: Analysis of UK biobank and genome-wide association studies data.

Background/purpose: Orofacial pain is common in dental practices. This study aimed to explore relationships between orofacial pain and sleep using the UK Biobank dataset and, based on epidemiological associations, to investigate the causal association using genome-wide association studies data.

Materials And Methods: First, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 196,490 participants from UK Biobank.

Review of Challenges in Performing Real-World Evidence Studies for Nonprescription Products.

In recent years, regulatory authorities have signaled a willingness to consider real-world evidence (RWE) data to support applications for new claims and indications for pharmaceuticals. Historically, RWE studies have been the domain of prescription drugs, driven by the fact that clinical data on patients are routinely captured in medical records, claims databases, registries, etc. However, RWE reports of nonprescription drugs and supplements are relatively sparse due to methodological gaps in this area.

Development and characterisation of a novel complex triple cell culture model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier.

Unlabelled: Owing to increased pressure from ethical groups and the public to avoid unnecessary animal testing, the need for new, responsive and biologically relevant in vitro models has surged. Models of the human alveolar epithelium are of particular interest since thorough investigations into air pollution and the effects of inhaled nanoparticles and e-cigarettes are needed. The lung is a crucial organ of interest due to potential exposures to endogenous material during occupational and ambient settings.

Development of a bio-inspired wound model for debridement training.

Unlabelled: Wound debridement is commonplace in expediting wound healing in the clinic. Despite this, there are limited resources available for simulation training for practitioners prior to facing real-life patients. Typically, citrus peels or porcine skin are employed in a vain attempt to improve debridement proficiency, yet these fail to provide a realistic experience of the textures and consistencies of wounds.

Erratum: Publisher Correction: The protective effect of endurance running against the pro-invasive effects of ageing in breast cancer cells and mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s44164-023-00055-y.].

Skeletal organoids.

The skeletal system, composed of bones, muscles, joints, ligaments, and tendons, serves as the foundation for maintaining human posture, mobility, and overall biomechanical functionality. However, with ageing, chronic overuse, and acute injuries, conditions such as osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, muscle atrophy, and ligament or tendon tears have become increasingly prevalent and pose serious clinical challenges. These disorders not only result in pain, functional loss, and a marked reduction in patients' quality of life but also impose substantial social and economic burdens.

Cardiac organ chip: advances in construction and application.

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide, and effective treatment for cardiac disease has been a research focal point. Although the development of new drugs and strategies has never ceased, the existing drug development process relies primarily on rodent models such as mice, which have significant shortcomings in predicting human responses. Therefore, human-based in vitro cardiac tissue models are considered to simulate physiological and functional characteristics more effectively, advancing disease treatment and drug development.

Functional Substrate Mapping: A New Frontier in the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia in Structural Heart Disease.

Functional substrate mapping has emerged as an essential tool for electrophysiologists, overcoming many limitations of conventional mapping techniques and demonstrating favourable long-term outcomes in clinical studies. However, a consensus on the definition of 'functional substrate' mapping remains elusive, hindering a structured approach to research in the field. In this review, we highlight the differences between 'functional mapping' techniques (which assess tissue response to the 'electrophysiological stress' using short coupled extrastimuli) and those highlighting regions of slow conduction during sinus rhythm.

Physical Activity and Incident Pancreatic Cancer: Results From the UK Biobank Prospective Cohort.

Background The relationship between physical activity and incident pancreatic cancer is poorly defined, and the evidence to date is inconsistent, largely due to small sample sizes and insufficient incident outcomes. Using the UK Biobank cohort dataset, the association between physical activity levels at recruitment and incident pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at follow-up was analysed. Method Physical activity, the key exposure, was quantified using Metabolic Equivalent Task (MET) values and categorised into walking, moderate, and vigorous activity.

Does Differential Habitat Selection Facilitate Coexistence Between Badgers and Hedgehogs?

Predicting the spatial and temporal responses of species exhibiting intraguild predation (IGP) relationships is difficult due to variation in potential interactions and environmental context. Eurasian badgers () are intraguild predators of European hedgehogs () and are implicated in their population decline via both direct predation and competition for shared food resources. Previous studies have shown spatial separation between these species and attributed this to hedgehogs experiencing a 'landscape of fear', but little is known about the potential role of differential habitat use.

Utilizing a Wireless Radar Framework in Combination With Deep Learning Approaches to Evaluate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity in Home-Setting Environments.

Objective: Common examinations for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are polysomnography (PSG) and home sleep apnea testing (HSAT). However, both PSG and HSAT require that sensors be attached to a subject, which may disturb their sleep and affect the results. Hence, in this study, we aimed to verify a wireless radar framework combined with deep learning techniques to screen for the risk of OSA in home-based environments.

Advancements in liver retraction techniques for laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Traditionally, liver retraction for laparoscopic gastrectomy is done manual methods, such as the placement of retractors through the accessory ports and using a Nathanson retractor. However, these techniques often posed issues including extra abdominal incisions, risk of liver injury or ischaemia, and the potential for compromised visualization. Over the years, the development of innovative liver retraction techniques has significantly improved the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic gastrectomy and similar other hiatal procedures.

Beyond the null: Recognizing and reporting true negative findings.

Science is based on ideas that might be true or false in describing reality. In order to discern between these two, scientists conduct studies that can reveal evidence for an idea, i.e.

Caval vein obstruction resulting in right to left shunt and desaturation post-endocardial pacing implantation in a 3-year old: a case report.

Background: Superior caval vein obstruction is a rare complication of endocardial pacing lead implantation that can result in a right to left shunt.

Case Summary: A 3-year-old child with type 2 Brugada syndrome presented with mild cyanosis post-endocardial pacing implantation due to evolutionary right superior caval vein obstruction. This obstruction resulted in a right to left shunt across a previously unrecognized patent levo-atrial cardinal vein associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage.

Challenges and opportunities for statistical power and biomarker identification arising from rhythmic variation in proteomics.

Time-of-day variation in the molecular profile of biofluids and tissues is a well-described phenomenon, but-especially for proteomics-is rarely considered in terms of the challenges this presents to reproducible biomarker identification. We provide a case study analysis of human circadian and ultradian rhythmicity in proteins, including in the complement and coagulation cascades and apolipoproteins, with PLG, CFAH, ZA2G and ITIH2 demonstrated as rhythmic for the first time. We also show that rhythmicity increases the risk of Type II errors due to the reduction in statistical power from increased variance, and that controlling for rhythmic time-of-day variation improves statistical power and reduces the chances of Type II errors.

Internal migration and its association with childhood asthma in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Differences in asthma prevalence between urban and rural areas have been observed worldwide. Epidemiological studies in middle- and low-income countries suggest that internal migration processes may partly explain these disparities.

Objective: To investigate the association between internal migration and asthma in children living in transitional areas of Ecuador.